Pearson Edexcel Level 3

GCE Mathematics
Advanced
Paper 1: Pure Mathematics PMT Mock 2
Paper Reference(s)
Time: 2 hours 9MA0/01
You must have:
Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables, calculator
Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations. Calculators must not
have the facility for algebraic manipulation, differentiation and integration, or have
retrievable mathematical formulae stored in them.

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are clearly
labelled.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear. Answers without
working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless otherwise stated.

Information
• A booklet ‘Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables’ is provided.
• There are 14 questions in this paper. The total mark is 100.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to how much
time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer and any
working underneath.

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 Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. Given that 𝜃𝜃 is small and is measured in radians, use the small angle approximations to
find an approximate value of
𝜃𝜃 tan 3𝜃𝜃
cos 2𝜃𝜃−1

𝜃𝜃2
For small angles, tan 𝜃𝜃 ≈ 𝜃𝜃, cos 𝜃𝜃 ≈ 1 − and substituting in:
2
𝜃𝜃 tan 3𝜃𝜃 𝜃𝜃×3𝜃𝜃
≈ (2𝜃𝜃)2
cos 2𝜃𝜃−1 1− −1
2

3𝜃𝜃2
≈
−2𝜃𝜃2
3
≈−
2

M1 Attempts to use the small angle approximations

M1 Substitutes correctly and attempts to simplify
3
A1 Uses both identities and simplifies to −
2

(Total for Question 1 is 3 marks)

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2.

P
r cm

O 0.5 rad

r cm

Q
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a sector POQ of a circle with centre O and radius r cm.
The angle POQ is 0.5 radians.
The area of the sector is 9 cm2.
Show that the perimeter of the sector is k times the length of the arc, where k is an integer.

1
Area of a sector: 𝑟𝑟 2 𝜃𝜃 = 9
2
1 2
𝑟𝑟 (0.5) = 9 ⇒ 𝑟𝑟 = 6
2

Arc length= 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

= 6 × 0.5 = 3
Total perimeter: 6 + 6 + 3 = 15 = 5(3) ⇒ 𝑘𝑘 = 5

M1 Attempts to use the area to find a value for 𝑟𝑟

A1 correct value for 𝑟𝑟
M1 Uses arc length formula to attempt to find the value of k
A1 Correct solution only

(Total for Question 2 is 4 marks)

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3. The curve C has equation
18
𝑦𝑦 = 8√𝑥𝑥 + − 20 𝑥𝑥 > 0
√𝑥𝑥

a. Find
d𝑦𝑦
i)
d𝑥𝑥

d2 𝑦𝑦
ii)
d𝑥𝑥 2
1 3
d𝑦𝑦
i) M1 Differentiates to = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 −2 + 𝐵𝐵𝑥𝑥 −2
d𝑥𝑥
1 3
d𝑦𝑦
A1 Achieves a correct = 4𝑥𝑥 −2 − 9𝑥𝑥 −2
d𝑥𝑥

3 5
d2 𝑦𝑦 27 d𝑦𝑦
ii) B1 Achieves a correct = −2𝑥𝑥 −2 + 𝑥𝑥 −2 for their
d𝑥𝑥 2 2 d𝑥𝑥

(3)
b. Use calculus to find the coordinates of the stationary point of C.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
At stationary points, = 0:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 3
9
4𝑥𝑥 −2 − 9𝑥𝑥 −2 = 0 ⇒ 4𝑥𝑥 − 9 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
4

Substituting into 𝐶𝐶:

9 18
𝑦𝑦 = 8� + − 20 = 4
4 �(9 ÷ 4)
9
Stationary point at � , 4�
4

d𝑦𝑦
M1 Set =0
d𝑥𝑥

A1 Rearrange to fine 𝑥𝑥, correct answer only

M1 substitutes their x value(s) into the given equation
A1 correct answer only

(4)

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 c. Determine whether the stationary point is a maximum or minimum, giving a reason for
your answer.
3
d2 𝑦𝑦 9 27 9 −5
= −2( )−2 + ( ) 2
d𝑥𝑥 2 4 2 4

d2 𝑦𝑦 32
=
d𝑥𝑥 2 27

𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
> 0, so is a minimm
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2

M1 substitutes their x value(s) into their second derivative

A1 Fully correct solution including a correct numerical second derivative (awrt)
and a reference to positive or > 0 and a conclusion

(2)
(Total for Question 3 is 9 marks)

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4. The curve with equation 𝑦𝑦 = 2 + ln (4 − 𝑥𝑥) meets the line 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 at a single point, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝛽𝛽.
a. Show that 2 < 𝛽𝛽 < 3

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 + ln(4 − 𝑥𝑥) − 𝑥𝑥 (as this will mean 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0 at the intersection)
𝑓𝑓(2) = 2 + ln(2) − 2 = 0.69315 …
𝑓𝑓(3) = 2 + ln(1) − 3 = −1
As 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is a continuous function, and there is a sign change in the interval [2,3], this means
that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0 in this interval and therefore 2 + ln(4 − 𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥.

M1 Attempts f(2) = … and f(3) = … where f(𝑥𝑥) = ±(2 + ln(4 − 𝑥𝑥) − 𝑥𝑥)
A1 Both values correct to at least 1 significant figure with correct explanation and
conclusion.

(2)

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 𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
4

2
𝑦𝑦 = 2 + ln (4 − 𝑥𝑥)

O 2 3 4 𝑥𝑥

Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2 + ln (4 − 𝑥𝑥) and the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥.
A student uses the iteration formula
𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛+1 = 2 + ln(4 − 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 ), 𝑛𝑛 ∈ 𝑁𝑁,
in an attempt to find an approximation for 𝛽𝛽.
Using the graph and starting with 𝑥𝑥1 = 3,
b. determine whether the or not this iteration formula can be used to find an approximation
for 𝛽𝛽, justifying your answer.

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 𝑥𝑥4
𝑥𝑥3
𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥1

As the cobweb spirals inwards, it converges to the root

M1 For an attempt at using a cobweb diagram starting at 𝑥𝑥1 = 3

It should have at least two spirals.
A1 For a correct attempt starting at 3 and deducing that the iteration formula can be
used to find an approximation for 𝛽𝛽 because ‘the cobweb spirals inwards’ or ‘the
cobweb gets closer to the root’ or ‘the cobweb converges’.

(2)
(Total for Question 4 is 4 marks)

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5. Given that
5 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
𝑦𝑦 = , − < 𝜃𝜃 <
4 cos 𝜃𝜃+4 sin 𝜃𝜃 4 4

Show that
d𝑦𝑦 5 𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
=− , − < 𝜃𝜃 <
d𝜃𝜃 4(1+ sin 2𝜃𝜃) 4 4

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Applying the quotient rule: � �=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣 2

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (4 cos 𝜃𝜃+4 sin 𝜃𝜃)(−5 sin 𝜃𝜃)−(5 cos 𝜃𝜃)(−4 sin 𝜃𝜃+4 cos 𝜃𝜃)
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (4 cos 𝜃𝜃+4 sin 𝜃𝜃)2

−20 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃−20 sin2 𝜃𝜃+20 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃−20 cos2 𝜃𝜃
=
16(cos2 𝜃𝜃+2 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃+sin2 𝜃𝜃)

−20(sin2 𝜃𝜃+cos2 𝜃𝜃)

=
16(cos2 𝜃𝜃+2 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃+sin2 𝜃𝜃)

Using sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃) = 1:

−20
=
16(1+2 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃)

Using 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 = sin 2𝜃𝜃:

−20 −5
= = as required.
16(1+sin 2𝜃𝜃) 4(1+sin 2𝜃𝜃)

M1 For choosing either the quotient, product rule or implicit differentiation and applying it
to the given function
Implicit differentiation look for
d𝑦𝑦
(± ⋯ sin 𝜃𝜃 ± ⋯ cos 𝜃𝜃)𝑦𝑦 + (4 cos 𝜃𝜃 + 4 sin 𝜃𝜃) = ⋯ sin 𝜃𝜃
d𝜃𝜃
d𝑦𝑦 (4 cos 𝜃𝜃+4 sin 𝜃𝜃)×−5 sin 𝜃𝜃−5 cos 𝜃𝜃(−4 sin 𝜃𝜃+4 cos 𝜃𝜃)
A1 A correct expression involving =
d𝜃𝜃 (4 cos 𝜃𝜃+4 sin 𝜃𝜃)2

M1 Expands and uses sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 at least once in the numerator or the
d𝑦𝑦 …
denominator OR uses 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 = sin 2𝜃𝜃 in =
d𝜃𝜃 ……..𝐶𝐶 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

M1 Expands and uses sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 in the numerator and the denominator AND
uses 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 = sin 2𝜃𝜃 in the denominator to reach an expression of the form
d𝑦𝑦 𝑃𝑃
=
d𝜃𝜃 𝑄𝑄 + 𝑅𝑅 sin 2𝜃𝜃
5
A1 Fully correct proof with 𝐴𝐴 = − (Total for Question 5 is 5 marks)
4

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6.
y

Q
A

O x

𝑙𝑙1

Figure 3
The circle C has centre A with coordinates (−3,1).
The line 𝑙𝑙1 with equation 𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑥𝑥 + 6, is the tangent to C at the point Q, as shown in
Figure 3.
a. Find the equation of the line AQ in the form 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑐𝑐.
By circle theorems, we know that the line 𝑙𝑙1 and the radius 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 will be perpendicular,
−1 1
so the gradient of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 is = .
−4 4
1
Finding equation of a line with gradient that passes through the point (−3,1).
4
1 7
1 = (−3) + 𝑐𝑐 ⇒ 𝑐𝑐 =
4 4
1 7
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + ⇒ 4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 7
4 4

OR
1
𝑦𝑦 − 1 = (𝑥𝑥 + 3) ⇒ 4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 7
4

M1 Correctly deduces the gradient of AQ

1
M1 Finding the equation of a line with gradient and point (−3,1)
4

A1 For expressing the equation of the tangent in the form 4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 7

(3)

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 b. Show that the equation of the circle C is (𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦𝑦 − 1)2 = 17

Finding the coordinates of 𝑄𝑄:

4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 7 (1)
𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑥𝑥 + 6 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously and substituting (2) into (1):
4(−4𝑥𝑥 + 6) − 𝑥𝑥 = 7 ⇒ −17𝑥𝑥 − −17 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 1
Substituting into (2) gives 𝑦𝑦 = 1, therefore 𝑄𝑄 = (1,2)
Finding the length of 𝐴𝐴 (−3,1) and 𝑄𝑄(2,3):
(1,2)

𝑟𝑟 = �(1 − −3)2 + (2 − 1)2 = √17 or 𝑟𝑟 2 = 17

Therefore the equation of the circle is:
(𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦𝑦 − 1)2 = 17

M1 For an attempt at solving 4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 7 and 𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑥𝑥 + 6 simultaneously to find

the coordinates of point Q.
A1 Finds Q correctly
M1 An attempt to use the Pythagoras Theorem to find the radius or (radius)2 using
their Q(1,2) and A(−3,1)
A1 Correctly states the equation of the circle

(4)
The line 𝑙𝑙2 with equation 𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘, 𝑘𝑘 ≠ 6, is also a tangent to C.
c. Find the value of the constant k.

If 𝑙𝑙2 is a tangent, then it must intersect the circle once:

(𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 + (−4𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘 − 1)2 = 17
𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 9 + 16𝑥𝑥 2 − 8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 8𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘 2 − 2𝑘𝑘 + 1 = 17
17𝑥𝑥 2 + (14 − 8𝑘𝑘)𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘 2 − 2𝑘𝑘 − 7 = 0
As the tangent intersects the circle once, the discriminant must equal 0:
𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0
(14 − 8𝑘𝑘)2 − 4(17)(𝑘𝑘 2 − 2𝑘𝑘 − 7) = 0
64𝑘𝑘 2 − 224𝑘𝑘 + 196 − 68𝑘𝑘 2 + 136𝑘𝑘 + 476 = 0
−4k2 − 88k+ 672 = 0
k = 6 or k = −28
The question states k ≠ 6, so k = −28

M1 For solving 𝑙𝑙2 with their equation of the circle

M1 Uses 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0 and finds a value of 𝑘𝑘
A1 𝑘𝑘 = −28
OR
M1 For finding the end point of the diameter using mid-point formula
𝑥𝑥+1 𝑦𝑦+2
= −3 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = −7 =1 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 0
2 2

M1 For substituting (−7,0) into 𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘 and proceeds to k = …

A1 𝑘𝑘 = −28
(3)
(Total for Question 6 is 10 marks)

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7. Given that 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℤ+
3𝑘𝑘 6
a. show that ∫2𝑘𝑘 d𝑥𝑥 is independent of k,
(7𝑘𝑘−2𝑥𝑥)

Using integration by substitution:

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢 = 7𝑘𝑘 − 2𝑥𝑥 ⇒ − 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
3𝑘𝑘 6 1
∫2𝑘𝑘 d𝑥𝑥 = −3 ∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ln 𝑢𝑢
(7𝑘𝑘−2𝑥𝑥) 𝑢𝑢

Undoing the substitution:

1
[−3 ln(7𝑘𝑘 − 2𝑥𝑥)]3𝑘𝑘
2𝑘𝑘 = −3 (ln(𝑘𝑘) − ln(3𝑘𝑘)) = −3ln � �
3
So the integral is independent of 𝑘𝑘.

6
M1 ∫ d𝑥𝑥 = 𝐴𝐴 ln(7𝑘𝑘 − 2𝑥𝑥)
(7𝑘𝑘−2𝑥𝑥)

6
A1 ∫ d𝑥𝑥 = −3 ln(7𝑘𝑘 − 2𝑥𝑥)
(7𝑘𝑘−2𝑥𝑥)

M1 For substituting 3𝑘𝑘 and 2𝑘𝑘 into their 𝐴𝐴 ln(7𝑘𝑘 − 2𝑥𝑥) and subtracting either way
around.
1
A1 Uses correct ln work and notation to show that 𝐼𝐼 = −3 ln � � or ln 27
3

i.e. independent of k

(4)

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 2𝑘𝑘 2
b. show that ∫𝑘𝑘 d𝑥𝑥 is inversely proportional to k.
3(2𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘)2

Using integration by substitution:

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
𝑢𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑘𝑘 ⇒ = 2 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
2𝑘𝑘 2 1 1
∫𝑘𝑘 d𝑥𝑥 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3(2𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘)2 3 𝑢𝑢

1
=
−3𝑢𝑢

Undoing substitution:
2𝑘𝑘 2 −1 2𝑘𝑘
∫𝑘𝑘 d𝑥𝑥 = � �
3(2𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘)2 3(2𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘) 𝑘𝑘

−1 −1 2
= − = 𝑘𝑘
3(3𝑘𝑘) 3𝑘𝑘 9

𝐶𝐶 2
Therefore, the integral is inversely proportional to 𝑘𝑘 as it is of the form with 𝐶𝐶 =
𝑘𝑘 9

2 𝐵𝐵
M1 ∫ d𝑥𝑥 = (2𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘)
3(2𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘)2

𝐵𝐵
M1 For substituting 2𝑘𝑘 and 𝑘𝑘 into their (2𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘) and subtracting

A1 Shows that it is inversely proportional to k

(3)
(Total for Question 7 is 7 marks)

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8. The length of the daylight, D(t) in a town in Sweden can be modelled using the equation
360𝑡𝑡
𝐷𝐷(𝑡𝑡) = 12 + 9 sin � − 63.435� 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 365
365

where t is the number of days into the year and the argument of sin 𝑥𝑥 is in degrees
a. Find the number of daylight hours after 90 days in that year.

360(90)
𝐷𝐷(90) = 12 + 9 sin( − 63.435)
365

𝐷𝐷(90) = 15.851 hours

B1 Finding 𝐷𝐷(90) = 15.85 … hours

(1)
b. Find the values of t when 𝐷𝐷(𝑡𝑡) = 17, giving your answers to the nearest integer.
(Solutions based entirely on graphical or numerical methods are not acceptable)

360𝑡𝑡
17 = 12 + 9 sin � − 63.435�
365
5 360𝑡𝑡
= sin � − 63.435�
9 365
360𝑡𝑡
− 63.435 = 33.74 or 146.251
365
𝑡𝑡 = 98.534 or 212.59
𝑡𝑡 = 99 or 213 to the nearest integer

360𝑡𝑡
M1 For using 𝐷𝐷 = 17 and proceeding to sin( − 63.435)0 = 𝑘𝑘 |𝑘𝑘| ≤ 1
365
360𝑡𝑡 5
A1 sin( − 63.435)0 = . Using the correct order to find one correct value of t.
365 9

M1 Using the correct order to find a second value of t

A1 t = 98.5 = 99 days and t = 212.598 = 213 days

(4)
(Total for Question 8 is 5 marks)

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9. 𝑦𝑦

P Q

O 𝑥𝑥

Figure 4
Figure 4 shows a sketch of the curve with equation 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 3 − 10𝑥𝑥 − 12𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 0
d𝑦𝑦 10−2𝑥𝑥
a. Show that =
d𝑥𝑥 3𝑦𝑦 2 −12

Using implicit differentiation:

𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 3 − 10𝑥𝑥 − 12𝑦𝑦 − 5) = 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 2 − 10 − 12 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(3𝑦𝑦 2 − 12) = 10 − 2𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10−2𝑥𝑥
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑦𝑦 2 −12

d𝑦𝑦 d𝑦𝑦
M1 either 𝑦𝑦 3 → 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 2 or 12𝑦𝑦 → 12
d𝑥𝑥 d𝑥𝑥
d𝑦𝑦 d𝑦𝑦
A1 Fully correct derivative 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 2 − 10 − 12 =0
d𝑥𝑥 d𝑥𝑥
d𝑦𝑦 d𝑦𝑦
M1 For a valid attempt at making the subject, with two terms in coming from
d𝑥𝑥 d𝑥𝑥

𝑥𝑥 2 and 2𝑦𝑦.
d𝑦𝑦 10−2𝑥𝑥
A1 = with no errors
d𝑥𝑥 3𝑦𝑦 2 −12

(4)

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At each of the points P and Q the tangent to the curve is parallel to the y-axis.
b. Find the exact coordinates of Q.

For the curve to be parallel to the 𝑦𝑦-axis, the derivative is infinite, which means
3𝑦𝑦 2 − 12 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = ±2
From the diagram, we can see that 𝑦𝑦 is positive at 𝑄𝑄, so 𝑦𝑦 = 2
Substituting into the equation of the curve:
𝑥𝑥 2 + 8 − 10𝑥𝑥 − 24 − 5 = 0
𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥 − 21 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = 5 ± √46 __
From the diagram we can see that the 𝑥𝑥 value must be positive, so 𝑄𝑄 = (2, (5+√46 , 2)
5 + √26)

M1 Deduces that 3𝑦𝑦 2 − 12 = 0 and proceed to find the value of y

A1 𝑦𝑦 = 2
M1 substitute 𝑦𝑦 = 2 in 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 3 − 10𝑥𝑥 − 12𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 0 and creating a 3 term quadratic
and solving

A1 𝑄𝑄(5 + √46, 2)

(4)
(Total for Question 9 is 8 marks)

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 1 𝜋𝜋
10. a. Find ∫ cos 𝑡𝑡 d𝑡𝑡.
30 6
1 𝜋𝜋 1 𝜋𝜋 1 𝜋𝜋
∫ 30 cos 6 𝑡𝑡 d𝑡𝑡 = 30 ∫ cos 6 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 sin 6 + 𝑐𝑐

1 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
M1 ∫ 30 cos 6 𝑡𝑡 d𝑡𝑡 = 𝐴𝐴 sin 6 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐
1 𝜋𝜋
A1 Correct integration sin 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐
5𝜋𝜋 6

(2)

The height above ground, X metres, of the passenger on a wooden roller coaster can be
modelled by the differential equation
𝑑𝑑X 1 𝜋𝜋
= 𝑋𝑋 cos( 𝑡𝑡)
d𝑡𝑡 30 6

where t is the time, in seconds, from the start of the ride.

At time t = 0, the passenger is 6 m above the ground.
1 𝜋𝜋
b. Show that 𝑋𝑋 = 𝑘𝑘𝑒𝑒 5𝜋𝜋 sin( 6 𝑡𝑡) where the value of the constant k should be found.
Separation of variables gives:
1 1 𝜋𝜋
� d𝑋𝑋 = � cos 𝑡𝑡 d𝑡𝑡
𝑋𝑋 30 6
1 𝜋𝜋
ln 𝑋𝑋 = sin 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐
5𝜋𝜋 6
1 𝜋𝜋
𝑋𝑋 = 𝑒𝑒 5𝜋𝜋 sin 6 𝑡𝑡+𝑐𝑐
1 𝜋𝜋
𝑋𝑋 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 5𝜋𝜋 sin( 6 𝑡𝑡)
Substituting 𝑡𝑡 = 0, 𝑋𝑋 = 6
6 = 𝑘𝑘𝑒𝑒 0 ⇒ 𝑘𝑘 = 6
1 𝜋𝜋
𝑋𝑋 = 6𝑒𝑒 5𝜋𝜋 sin( 6 𝑡𝑡)
M1 separation of variables
A1 Integrates both sides
M1 Rearranges to have 𝑋𝑋 = ⋯
M1 Substitutes t = 0, 𝑋𝑋 = 6
A1 Finds 𝑘𝑘
(4)

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c. Show that the maximum height of the passenger above the ground is 6.39 m.

1 𝜋𝜋 1
𝑋𝑋 is maximised when the exponent is big. The maximum value of sin 𝑡𝑡 = , so 𝑋𝑋 =
5𝜋𝜋 6 5𝜋𝜋
1
6𝑒𝑒 5𝜋𝜋 = 6.3944

B1 shows that the maximum height is 6.39 m.

(1)
The passenger reaches the maximum height, for the second time, T seconds after the start
of the ride.
d. Find the value of T.

1 1 𝜋𝜋
6𝑒𝑒 5𝜋𝜋 = 6𝑒𝑒 5𝜋𝜋 sin� 6 𝑡𝑡�
1 1 𝜋𝜋
= sin � 𝑡𝑡�
5𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 6
𝜋𝜋
1 = sin � 𝑡𝑡�
6
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝑡𝑡 = + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℤ
6 2
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋
The passenger reaches the maximum height for the second time when 𝑡𝑡 =
6 2
So 𝑡𝑡 = 15.

M1 For identifying that it would reach the maximum height for the second time
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋
when 𝑡𝑡 =
6 2

A1 𝑡𝑡 = 15

(2)
(Total for Question 10 is 9 marks)

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 1
11. a. Find the binomial expansion of (4 − 𝑥𝑥)− 2 , up to and including the term in 𝑥𝑥 2 .

To use the binomial expansion from the formula book, put into the form (1 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑛𝑛 .
1
1 1 𝑥𝑥 −2
(4 − 𝑥𝑥)−2 = �1 − �
2 4
1 1 3
1 𝑥𝑥 −2 1 1 𝑥𝑥 − �− � −𝑥𝑥 2
�1 − � = �1 − �− � + 2 2 � � + ⋯�
2 4 2 2 4 2 4

Simplifying:
1 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑥𝑥 2
= �1 + + � � + ⋯ �
2 8 8 16

1 𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 2
+ + +⋯
2 16 256

1
1
B1 For taking out a factor of 4−2 or
2
1 𝑥𝑥
M1 For the binomial expansion 𝑛𝑛 = − and the term − . Condone sign slips
2 4

M1 Any (unsimplified) form of the binomial expansion. Ignore the factor before the
bracket. The bracketing must be correct but it is acceptable for them to recover
from ''missing'' brackets for full marks.
1 𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 2
A1 correct solution only + + +⋯
2 16 256

(4)

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 1+2𝑥𝑥 1
Given that the binomial expansion of f(𝑥𝑥) = � , |𝑥𝑥| < , is
4−𝑥𝑥 4

1 9
+ 𝑥𝑥 − 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 2 + ⋯
2 16
45
c. Show that the value of the constant A is
256

1 1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = (1 + 2𝑥𝑥)2 × (4 − 𝑥𝑥)−2
1 1
1 ×−
(1 +
1
2𝑥𝑥)2 = 1 + (2𝑥𝑥) + 2 2 (2𝑥𝑥)2 = 1 + 𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑥𝑥 2
2 2 2
1 1 𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �1 + 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 � � + + �
2 2 16 256

1 9𝑥𝑥 45𝑥𝑥 2
= + − +⋯
2 16 256
45
𝐴𝐴 =
256

1 1
B1 An attempt for multiplying (1 + 2𝑥𝑥)2 × (4 − 𝑥𝑥)− 2
M1 Award for an attempt at the binomial expansion
And for multiplying their two expansions to reach a quadratic.
45
A1 𝐴𝐴 =
256

(3)

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 1
c. By substituting 𝑥𝑥 = into the answer for (b) find an approximate for √10, giving your
4

answer to 3 decimal places.

1 1 + 2(0.25) √10
𝑓𝑓 � � = � =
4 4 − 0.25 5
1
Substituting 𝑥𝑥 = into the binomial expansion gives
4

√10 1 9(0.25) 45(0.25)2

≈ + −
5 2 16 256
√10
≈ 0.62964
5
√10 ≈ 3.14819

1
M1 Substitutes 𝑥𝑥 = into both sides and attempts to find at
4

√10
least one side. As the left hand side is they may multiply by 5 first which is
5

acceptable.
√10 2579
A1 Finds both sides leading to a correct equation =
5 4096
12695
A1 √10 = = 3.148193 ≈ 3.148
4096

(3)
(Total for Question 11 is 10 marks)

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12. The table shows the average weekly pay of a footballer at a certain club on 1 August 1990
and 1 August 2010.

Year 1990 2010

Average weekly pay £2500 £50000

The average weekly pay of a footballer at this club can be modelled by the equation
𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 𝑡𝑡
where £P is the average weekly pay t years after 1 August 1990, and A and k are
constants.
a. i. Write down the value of A.
2500 = 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 0
2500 = 𝐴𝐴
B1 Substitutes 𝑡𝑡 = 0, 𝑃𝑃 = 2500 into 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 𝑡𝑡 to reach a value of A.
(1)
ii. Show that the value of k is 1.16159, correct to five decimal places.
50000 = 2500𝑘𝑘 20
20 = 𝑘𝑘 20
1
𝑘𝑘 = 2020 = 1.161586 …
= 1.16159 to 5dp
M1 Substitutes 𝑡𝑡 = 20, 𝐴𝐴 = 2500 and 𝑃𝑃 = 50000 into 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 𝑡𝑡 to reach a value of k.
A1 𝑘𝑘 = 1.16159

(2)
b. With reference to the model, interpret
i. the value of the constant A,
B1 states that A is the weekly pay of a footballer on 1st August 1990.
The statement must reference the footballer, his weekly pay/wage and ‘0’ time.

ii. the value of the constant k,

B1 States that k is the rate at which the weekly pay of the footballer rises each year.

(2)

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 Using the model,
c. find the year in which, on 1 August, the average weekly pay of a footballer at this club
will first exceed £100000.

100000 = 2500 × 1.16159𝑡𝑡

40 = 1.16159𝑡𝑡
log 40 = log 1.16159𝑡𝑡
log 40 = t log 1.16159
t = 24.627
Remember the start date is August, therefore 24.6 years places the
date where it exceeds £100000 in 2015 not 2014.
So the weekly pay of a footballer exceeds £100000 in 2015.

M1 Using the model 100000 = 2500 × 1.16159𝑡𝑡 and proceeds to 1.16159𝑡𝑡 = 𝑘𝑘

M1 Correct method to find t
A1 𝑡𝑡 = 24.627 … or 𝑡𝑡 = log1.1615940
A1 States in the year 2015

(4)
(Total for Question 12 is 9 marks)

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13.

Figure 5
6𝑥𝑥
Figure 5 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation 𝑦𝑦 = , 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0
√3𝑥𝑥+1

The finite region R, shown shaded in figure 5 is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the
lines x = 2 and 𝑥𝑥 = 5.
Use the substitution 𝑢𝑢 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 to find the exact area of R.

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 ⇒ = 3 ⇒ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
5
6𝑥𝑥
𝑅𝑅 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 √3𝑥𝑥 + 1
𝑥𝑥=5 16 16
2𝑢𝑢 − 2 2𝑢𝑢 − 2 2 1 2 −1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑢𝑢 2
𝑥𝑥=2 √𝑢𝑢 7 3√𝑢𝑢 7 3 3

4 3 4 1 16
𝑅𝑅 = � 𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑢𝑢2 �
9 3 7

16
𝑅𝑅 = (13 − √7)
9

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 d𝑢𝑢
B1 =3
d𝑥𝑥
6𝑥𝑥 2(𝑢𝑢−1)
M1 becoming 1
√3𝑥𝑥+1 𝑢𝑢2
6𝑥𝑥 2(𝑢𝑢−1)
A1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 becoming 1 d𝑢𝑢
√3𝑥𝑥+1 3𝑢𝑢2

M1 An attempt to divide the two terms by u

1 1
2
(𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑢𝑢−2 )
3
3 1
1 1
2 −2 2 𝑢𝑢2 𝑢𝑢2
A1 ∫ �𝑢𝑢 − 𝑢𝑢 � d𝑢𝑢 =
2 ( 3 − 1 )
3 3
2 2

M1 Some evidence of limits of 16 and 7 in u

16
A1 Exact answer (13 − √7)
9

(Total for Question 13 is 7 marks)

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14. A curve C has parametric equations
𝑥𝑥 = 1 − cos 𝑡𝑡 , 𝑦𝑦 = 2 cos 2𝑡𝑡, 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 < 𝜋𝜋
a. Show that the cartesian equation of the curve can be written as 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 2
where k is an integer.
Using the trigonometric identity cos 2𝑡𝑡 = 2cos 2 𝑡𝑡 − 1:
𝑦𝑦
= 2(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 1 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 4(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 2
2
𝑦𝑦
M1 Attempts to use cos 2𝑡𝑡 = 2cos2 𝑡𝑡 − 1 ⇒ = 2(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 1
2

A1 proceeds to correct answer

(2)
b. i. Sketch the curve C.
ii. Explain briefly why C does not include all points of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 2 , 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
M1 For sketching a ∪ parabola in quadrant one and four with a minimum in
quadrant four.
A1 For sketching a ∪ parabola with a minimum in quadrant four and with end points
of (0,2) and (5,2)
𝑦𝑦

𝑥𝑥

B1 A refence to the limits on sin or cos with a link to a restriction on x or y.

e.g. As −1 ≤ sin 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 1 then 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2
As sin 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 1 then 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2
As −1 ≤ cos 2𝑡𝑡 ≤ 1 then −2 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 2 (3)

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 The line with equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘 − 𝑥𝑥, where k is a constant, intersects C at two distinct
points.
(c) State the range of values of k, writing your answer in set notation.

𝑘𝑘 − 𝑥𝑥 = 4(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 2
𝑘𝑘 − 𝑥𝑥 = 4(𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 1) − 2
4𝑥𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 2 − 𝑘𝑘 = 0
For intersection at two distinct points, 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 > 0
49 − 4(4)(2 − 𝑘𝑘) > 0
−17
𝑘𝑘 >
16
Because of the cut off for the graph, the maximum value of 𝑘𝑘 can be given by substituting
(0,2) into the equation:
2 = 𝑘𝑘 − 0 ⇒ 𝑘𝑘 = 2
17
So k= �𝑘𝑘: − < 𝑘𝑘 ≤ 2�.
16

17
B1 Deduces either the correct that the lower value of k = −
16

Or deduces that 𝑘𝑘 = 2, substituting (0,2) into 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘 − 𝑥𝑥

M1 For an attempt at the upper value for k
Finds where 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘 meets 𝑦𝑦 = 4(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 2 once by using an
appropriate method.
e.g. 𝑘𝑘 − 𝑥𝑥 = 4(1 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − 2 and proceeds to a 3 term quadratic.
A1 Correct 3 term quadratic 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 2 − 𝑘𝑘 = 0
M1 Uses the discriminant condition. Accept 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ≥ 0 or 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0 and
leading to a critical value for k.
17
e.g. 49 − 4 × 4 × (2 − 𝑘𝑘) = 0 ⇒ 𝑘𝑘 = −
16

17
A1 Range of values for k= �𝑘𝑘: − < 𝑘𝑘 ≤ 2�
16

(5)
(Total for Question 14 is 10 marks)

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