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JDBC in JAVA

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that allows applications to connect to and interact with databases using JDBC drivers. It provides a set of interfaces and classes for performing basic CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on database records. The document outlines the steps to establish a database connection, execute queries, and manage database interactions using JDBC.

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8 views

JDBC in JAVA

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that allows applications to connect to and interact with databases using JDBC drivers. It provides a set of interfaces and classes for performing basic CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on database records. The document outlines the steps to establish a database connection, execute queries, and manage database interactions using JDBC.

Uploaded by

leelarani.info
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 5 - JDBC

JDBC Definition

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute the
query with the database. JDBC API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database.

What is API?

API (Application programming interface) is a document that contains a description of all the
features of a product or software. It represents classes and interfaces that software programs
can follow to communicate with each other. An API can be created for applications, libraries,
operating systems, etc

Why Should We Use JDBC?

Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute the query with the
database. But, ODBC API uses ODBC driver which is written in C language (i.e. platform
dependent and unsecured). That is why Java has defined its own API (JDBC API) that uses
JDBC drivers (written in Java language).

A list of popular interfaces of JDBC API are given below:


o Driver interface
o Connection interface
o Statement interface
o PreparedStatement interface
o CallableStatement interface
o ResultSet interface
o ResultSetMetaData interface
o DatabaseMetaData interface
o RowSet interface

A list of popular classes of JDBC API are given below:


o DriverManager class
o Blob class
o Clob class
o Types class
Activities by using JDBC API to handle database
1. Connect to the database
2. Execute queries and update statements to the database
3. Retrieve the result received from the database.

Java Database Connectivity Steps

There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database using JDBC. These steps
are as follows:
o Register the Driver class
o Create connection
o Create statement
o Execute queries
o Close connection

1) Register the driver class


The forName() method of Class class is used to register the driver class. This method is used to dynamically
the driver class.

Syntax of forName() method


public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException

Here, Java program is loading oracle driver to esteblish database connection.

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");

2) Create the connection object


The getConnection() method of DriverManager class is used to establish connection with the database.

Syntax of getConnection() method


1) public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException
2) public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password)

Example to establish connection with the Oracle database


Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe",
"system","password");

3) Create the Statement object


The createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create statement.
The object of statement is responsible to execute queries with the database.
Syntax of createStatement() method

public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException

Example to create the statement object

Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
4) Execute the query

The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the database.
This method returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get all the records of a table.
Syntax of executeQuery() method

public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLException

Example to execute query


ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");

while(rs.next())
{
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}

5) Close the connection object


By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed automatically.
The close() method of Connection interface is used to close the connection.

Syntax of close() method


public void close()throws SQLException

Example to close connection


con.close();

Basic CRUD Operations

Creating, reading, updating, and deleting data in a database is a common task in many
applications, and JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that allows you to connect
to a database and perform these operations.

C – Create
R – Read
U – Update
D – Delete

To Create a Table

Following is the SQL query to create a table.


create table employee(age number(3), name varchar2(40),);

To execute SQL INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and DELETE statements

 Using execute() method to execute general query.


 Using executeUpdate() method to execute INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE query
 Using executeQuery() method to execute SELECT query.
 Using a ResultSet to iterate over rows returned from a SELECT query, using
its next() method to advance to next row in the result set, and using getXXX() methods to
retrieve values of columns.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

class CRUD
{

public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException


{

String url ="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TestDatabase"; //update connection string


String user = "user";//add your db user id here
String password = "password";//add your db password here

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);


System.out.println("Successfully connected");

//insert employee record into database


Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
int rows = stmt.executeUpdate("insert into employee(age,name) values(23,'James')");
System.out.println("Rows inserted = "+ rows);

//update employee record


rows= stmt.executeUpdate("Update employee set age=31 where name='James'");
System.out.println("Rows updated = "+ rows);

//read employee records


ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("Select * from employee");
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println("Emp Id : " + rs.getInt("id") + ", Name : " + rs.getString("name") + ",
Age : " + rs.getInt("age"));
}

//delete employee record


rows = stmt.executeUpdate("delete from employee where name = 'James'");
System.out.println("Rows deleted = "+ rows);
}

}
Output

Successfully connected
Rows inserted = 1
Rows updated = 1
Emp Id : 8, Name : John Doe, Age : 21
Emp Id : 10, Name : James, Age : 31
Rows deleted = 1

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