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Python Data Types

The document provides an overview of Python data types, including text, numeric, sequence, mapping, set, boolean, and binary types. It explains how to determine data types using the type() function, and covers numeric types (int, float, complex) along with type conversion and casting. Additionally, it discusses strings, their properties, and boolean values in Python.

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4 views

Python Data Types

The document provides an overview of Python data types, including text, numeric, sequence, mapping, set, boolean, and binary types. It explains how to determine data types using the type() function, and covers numeric types (int, float, complex) along with type conversion and casting. Additionally, it discusses strings, their properties, and boolean values in Python.

Uploaded by

pneel240909
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Data Types

In programming, data type is an important concept.

Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do
different things.

Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:

Text Type: str

Numeric Types: int, float, complex

Sequence Types: list, tuple, range

Mapping Type: dict

Set Types: set, frozenset

Boolean Type: bool

Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview

The students will learn whatever is highlighted in yellow. They need not learn tuple and range from
Sequence Types.

Getting the Data Type


You can get the data type of any object by using the type() function:

Example
Print the data type of the variable x:

x = 5
print(type(x))

Python Numbers
There are three numeric types in Python:
 int
 float
 complex

Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value to them:

Example
x = 1 # int
y = 2.8 # float
z = 1j # complex

To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function:

Example
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Int
Int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of
unlimited length.

Example
Integers:

x = 1
y = 35656222554887711
z = -3255522

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Float
Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative, containing
one or more decimals.

Example
Floats:

x = 1.10
y = 1.0
z = -35.59

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Try it Yourself »

Float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate the power of 10.

Example
Floats:

x = 35e3
y = 12E4
z = -87.7e100

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Complex
Complex numbers are written with a "j" as the imaginary part:

Example
Complex:

x = 3+5j
y = 5j
z = -5j
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Type Conversion
You can convert from one type to another with the int(), float(),
and complex() methods:

Example
Convert from one type to another:

x = 1 # int
y = 2.8 # float
z = 1j # complex

#convert from int to float:


a = float(x)

#convert from float to int:


b = int(y)

#convert from int to complex:


c = complex(x)

print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))

Note: You cannot convert complex numbers into another number type.

Random Number
Python does not have a random() function to make a random number, but
Python has a built-in module called random that can be used to make random
numbers:
Example
Import the random module, and display a random number between 1 and 9:

import random

print(random.randrange(1, 10))

Python Casting
Specify a Variable Type
There may be times when you want to specify a type on to a variable. This
can be done with casting. Python is an object-orientated language, and as
such it uses classes to define data types, including its primitive types.

Casting in python is therefore done using constructor functions:

 int() - constructs an integer number from an integer literal, a float


literal (by removing all decimals), or a string literal (providing the string
represents a whole number)
 float() - constructs a float number from an integer literal, a float
literal or a string literal (providing the string represents a float or an
integer)
 str() - constructs a string from a wide variety of data types, including
strings, integer literals and float literals

Example
Integers:

x = int(1) # x will be 1
y = int(2.8) # y will be 2
z = int("3") # z will be 3

Example
Floats:

x = float(1) # x will be 1.0


y = float(2.8) # y will be 2.8
z = float("3") # z will be 3.0
w = float("4.2") # w will be 4.2
Example
Strings:

x = str("s1") # x will be 's1'


y = str(2) # y will be '2'
z = str(3.0) # z will be '3.0'

Python Strings
Strings
Strings in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or double
quotation marks.

'hello' is the same as "hello".

You can display a string literal with the print() function:

Example
print("Hello")
print('Hello')

Try it Yourself »

Assign String to a Variable


Assigning a string to a variable is done with the variable name followed by an
equal sign and the string:

Example
a = "Hello"
print(a)
String Length
To get the length of a string, use the len() function.

Example
The len() function returns the length of a string:

a = "Hello, World!"
print(len(a))

Check String
To check if a certain phrase or character is present in a string, we can use the
keyword in.

Example
Check if "free" is present in the following text:

txt = "The best things in life are free!"


print("free" in txt)

String Concatenation
To concatenate, or combine, two strings you can use the + operator.

Example
Merge variable a with variable b into variable c:

a = "Hello"
b = "World"
c = a + b
print(c)

Example
To add a space between them, add a " ":

a = "Hello"
b = "World"
c = a + " " + b
print(c)

Python Booleans
Boolean Values
In programming you often need to know if an expression is True or False.

You can evaluate any expression in Python, and get one of two
answers, True or False.

When you compare two values, the expression is evaluated and Python
returns the Boolean answer:

Example
print(10 > 9)
print(10 == 9)
print(10 < 9)

Evaluate Values and Variables


The bool() function allows you to evaluate any value, and give
you True or False in return,

Example
Evaluate a string and a number:

print(bool("Hello"))
print(bool(15))

Example
Evaluate two variables:

x = "Hello"
y = 15
print(bool(x))
print(bool(y))

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