100 Amazon SQL interview

questions, organized by difficulty

Beginner Level (1-35):

1. What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?

2. Explain the types of SQL joins (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL).

3. Write a query to retrieve all customers who purchased more than $100.

4. How do you calculate the total revenue from a purchase table?

5. Explain the difference between COUNT(*) and COUNT(column_name).

6. Write a query to retrieve the first 10 rows from a table.

7. Write a query to filter records by date range.

8. How would you use LIKE to search for patterns in text?

9. Write a query to find customers who haven't made any purchases in the last 6 months.

10. What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL?

11. Write a query to group data by month and calculate total sales per month.

12. How do you retrieve distinct values from a column?

13. Write a query to join two tables based on a foreign key.

14. Explain the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR.

15. Write a query to calculate the average purchase amount for all customers.

16. How do you update a record in a table?

17. Write a query to count the number of customers who registered in 2023.
18. Explain the purpose of the ORDER BY clause.

19. Write a query to calculate the total revenue from each product category.

20. Write a query to retrieve all customers with more than one purchase.

21. Explain the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE.

22. Write a query to retrieve the second-highest salary from an employee table.

23. Write a query to display the first and last name of all customers whose name starts with
‘A’.

24. Explain the difference between INNER JOIN and OUTER JOIN.

25. Write a query to retrieve the total count of orders for each customer.

26. Write a query to display the names of customers who made a purchase in the last 30 days.

27. What is a PRIMARY KEY and how is it different from a UNIQUE constraint?

28. Write a query to sort customer names in alphabetical order.

29. Write a query to select customers who registered in January and made purchases in
February.

30. What is the difference between IS NULL and IS NOT NULL?

31. Write a query to retrieve customers whose purchase total is between $50 and $100.

32. Explain the difference between LIMIT and OFFSET.

33. Write a query to calculate the percentage of orders from a specific product category.

34. Write a query to select all customers who made purchases in both 2022 and 2023.

35. How do you use the CASE statement to create conditional queries?

Intermediate Level (36-70):

36. Write a query to find unique customers who made a purchase within 10 days of
registering.

37. Write a query to retrieve the 5th highest salary from an employee table.
38. Explain the use of GROUP BY and HAVING together.

39. Write a query to display products that have not been sold in the last month.

40. Write a query to create a histogram of the number of comments per user in a month.

41. How do you handle NULL values in SQL joins?

42. Write a query to calculate the running total of purchases by customer.

43. Write a query to find the top 3 selling products in each region.

44. Write a query to calculate year-over-year growth for sales.

45. Write a query to retrieve all orders placed in the last 6 months and group them by
customer.

46. How would you optimize a query with multiple joins and aggregations?

47. Write a query using COALESCE to replace NULL values with a default value.

48. Write a query to rank customers by the total amount they have spent.

49. Write a query to retrieve the names of employees who have not received a salary
increase.

50. Write a query to find products where the price has decreased compared to the previous
month.

51. Write a query to calculate the cumulative total revenue by day.

52. Write a query to find customers who made a purchase in every quarter of 2022.

53. Write a query to retrieve the top 10 highest-spending customers.

54. Write a query to find duplicate records in a table.

55. Write a query to retrieve the most frequently purchased product category.

56. Write a query to calculate the average order value by region.

57. Explain the use of SUBSTRING in SQL and provide an example.

58. Write a query to calculate the retention rate of customers over the past year.

59. Write a query to find customers who made repeat purchases within the same week.

60. How do you use a self-join to compare records within the same table?

61. Write a query to calculate the average number of orders per customer per month.
62. Write a query to display the month-over-month growth rate for sales.

63. How would you handle performance issues in a query with large datasets?

64. Write a query to retrieve the last purchase date for each customer.

65. Write a query to calculate the lifetime value of a customer.

66. Write a query to find customers whose total purchase amount exceeds the average
purchase amount.

67. Write a query to calculate the number of days between a customer’s registration and first
purchase.

68. Write a query to list all products that were sold in December but not in January.

69. How do you use window functions like ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), and DENSE_RANK()?

70. Write a query to merge two tables based on a common field and calculate the difference
between their values.

Advanced Level (71-100):

71. Write a query to calculate a rolling average of the last 3 months of sales by product.

72. Write a query using a Common Table Expression (CTE) to calculate cumulative sales by
region.

73. Write a query to find all customers who have made purchases in the same store multiple
times.

74. Write a query to detect anomalies in sales data based on historical patterns.

75. Write a query to retrieve customers whose total purchase amount is more than 2 standard
deviations above the mean.

76. Write a query to calculate the lifetime value (LTV) of customers based on their purchase
history.

77. Write a query to find the top 5 products with the highest month-over-month sales growth.

78. Write a query to identify customers who have not made a purchase in over 12 months.

79. Write a query to create a sales forecast for the next quarter based on historical data.
80. Write a query to retrieve the top 10 customers by purchase amount within each product
category.

81. Write a query to identify and remove duplicate records from a table.

82. Write a query to find products that have been consistently sold over the last 6 months.

83. Write a query to calculate the churn rate of customers over the past year.

84. Write a query to detect fraudulent transactions by identifying suspicious patterns.

85. Write a query to calculate the total number of refunds issued in each month.

86. Write a query to retrieve customers who have consistently increased their purchase
amount month over month.

87. Write a query to calculate the average time between purchases for each customer.

88. Write a query to detect outliers in customer spending patterns.

89. Write a query to calculate the probability of customer churn based on their purchase
history.

90. Write a query to identify underperforming products based on sales trends.

91. Write a query to predict future sales using a linear regression model in SQL.

92. Write a query to identify customers who are most likely to respond to a marketing
campaign based on past behavior.

93. Write a query to find patterns of seasonal sales in the data.

94. Write a query to calculate the average customer acquisition cost based on sales and
marketing data.

95. Write a query to optimize inventory levels by analyzing sales trends and product turnover.

96. Write a query to detect sales spikes caused by promotions or discounts.

97. Write a query to analyze customer purchase behavior and identify cross-sell
opportunities.

98. Write a query to forecast inventory needs based on historical sales data.

99. Write a query to calculate the ROI of marketing campaigns based on customer purchases.

100. Write a query to segment customers based on their purchase frequency and average
order value.
These questions cover a wide range of SQL skills, from basic querying to advanced, for entry-
level interviews at Amazon and similar companies.