© KLSS NITK - 3 - Dec 01, 2005

Overview of DCS and NMS

ATTENTION !!!
THIS PRESENTATION IS MEANT TO IMPART THE
CONCEPTS IN PRESENT DAY DCS AND NMS.
THERE ARE SOME DIFFERENCES IN REALITY.
 Overview of DCS and NMS
- Contents -

Distributed control system (DCS)

- Introduction
- Controller
- Small
- Medium
- Human system interface (HSI)
- Communication
- Among controllers and (HSI)
- Between controller and field devices
Network management system (NMS)
- Introduction
- Remote terminal unit (RTU)
- Small
- Medium
- Master station
- Front-end processor (FEP)
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- Human system interface (HSI)

- Communication
- Among RTUs and FEP
- Between RTU and field devices
Automation hierarchies
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Distributed Control Systems (DCS)

Employed for automation of locally

distributed processes
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
Locally Distributed Process - Examples
Utilities
Electrical Supply
(Power Plants, Transmission Substations, Receiving Stations, Distribution Substations, etc.)

Gas Supply
(Pumping Stations, Distribution Stations, etc.)

Water Supply and Sewage Disposal

(Raw WaterTreatment, Pumping Stations, Repeater Stations, Sewage Treatment, etc.)

Industries
Chemical
(Fertliser, Petro-chemical, etc.)

Oil/Gas Transportation
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(Refineries, Terminals, Pumping stations, Repeater Stations, Block Volve Stations, etc.)

Metal Processing
(Furnaceses, Wire Rod Mills, Rolling Mills, Plate Mills, etc.)

Food/Pharma Processing
(Bottling, Tabletting, etc.)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Communicable Data Acquisition and Control Unit
The front end equipment of the control system which
interfaces with the process is called Data Acquisition
and Control Unit (DACU)

Bus Input/output system

Loaded with Digital Input

Input
software for data
Digital
acquisition and Processor
Processor
Digital Output
Output

INSTRUMENTATION
Digital

INSTRUMENTATION
control
Memory
Memory
Analog Input
Analog Input

PROCESS
PROCESS
Communication

Local LAN Interface

LAN Interface Analog Output
Analog Output
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system

Pulse Input
Pulse Input
Remote Serial Interface
Serial Interface
Pulse Output
Pulse Output

Power Supply
Supply Serial Interface
Serial Interface
Power
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Communicable Data Acquisition and Control Unit
Equipped with all types of I/O modules and with the
software for ”automation functions”*
Input/Output system
Loaded with Bus
software for data Digital Input
Input
acquisition and
Digital
Processor
Processor

INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENTATION
control
Digital Output
Digital Output
Memory
Memory

PROCESS
Analog Input
Input

PROCESS
Analog
Communication

Local Serial Interface

Serial Interface Analog Output
Analog Output
system

Pulse Input
Pulse Input
Remote LAN Interface
LAN Interface Pulse Output
Output
Pulse
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Power Supply
Supply Serial Interface
Serial Interface
Power

*open loop control and all variants of closed loop (feedback)

control with multiple inputs, multiple outputs,and multiple
loops with “interdependence” among various loops, if
required
 Overview of DCS and NMS
DCS - Evolution
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Traditional PLCs were developed as a standalone
replacement to relay logic and the same dealt with only
discrete inputs and outputs
Programmable Controller (Controller)
Extension of PLCs, supported by analog inputs and
outputs, to implement anolog loop controls (PID) in
addition to discrete inputs and outputs
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DCS
Controllers supported by human system interface (HSI)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
DCS – General Configuration
Human System Interface (HSI)
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LAN for local communication

LAN B3

C7
B3 B3

Controller
Controller Controller
Controller

Instrumentation
Instrumentation Instrumentation
Instrumentation Local
Control
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PROCESS
PROCESS PROCESS
PROCESS

Controllers can be with or without redundancy

 Overview of DCS and NMS
DCS - Structure

Physical Process
Instrumentation
Data acquisition and control unit
(Controller)
Human System Interface (HSI)
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
Controller – Functionalities
Important functions are:
- Local data acquisition and control execution
- Local communication with the field devices
- Execution of automation functions
- Local communication with peer controllers and
HSI’s
- Remote communication with supervisory
systems for exchange of data (not very
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common)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Controller Example - Small
Advant Controller 55 (AC 55)*

Main unit Expansion unit - 1 Expansion unit - 4

AC55
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*Courtesy ABB
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 55 Controller - Features
- Small, low cost, compact
- Logic and sequence control with interlocks
- Analog data handling for PID control
- Arithmetic and regulatory control
- Communicable with higher systems
- Configurable locally or remotely
- Ladder Diagram and Functional Block specifications
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for programming
- For use as stand alone or as a part of a bigger control
system
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 55 Controller - Functionality
A wide and powerful range of “Ready-to-use”
Programmable Control (PC) elements such as:
- Logic and sequence control
- Data conversion
- Regulatory control
- Time delays
- Calendar/Time functions
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- Pulse counting
- Arithmetic functions
 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller – I/O System

Analog inputs
- Configurable for +/- 20 mA, 4-20 mA, and +/- 10 V
- Value representation over 0-100%
- Resolution of 11 bits + sign
Analog outputs
- Configurable for 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA
- Value representation over 0-100%
- Resolution of 12 bits
Digital inputs
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- Supports 24 VDC or 48 VDC, isolated

Digital outputs
- Relay based potential free contacts
 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller - Capacity
Description Max. No.
Basic Units 1
Expansion Units 4
Digital Inputs per module 16
Digital inputs - total 80
Digital outputs per module 8
Digital output - total 40
Analog inputs per module 8
Analog inputs - total 40
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Analog outputs per module 2

Analog outputs - total 10
Remote communication channel in basic unit 1
No. of slaves per AC 55 master 25
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 55 Controller - Capacity
Basic Unit
DI: 16 Channels, 24 Vdc, isolated
DO: 8 Channels, potentially free relay contacts
AI: 8 Channels, resolution 11 bit+sign, 4-20 mA, +/- 20 mA, +/- 10 Vdc
AO: 2 Channels, resolution 12 bit, 0-20 mA
RS232 Serial port
Power Supply 115/230 Vac or 24 Vdc
Expansion Unit
DI: 16 Channels, 24 Vdc, isolated, DO: 8 Channels, relay-contacts
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AI: 8 Channels, resolution 11 bit+sign, 4-20 mA, +/- 20 mA, +/- 10 Vdc
AO: 2 Channels, resolution 12 bit, 0-20 mA
Power supply 115/230 Vac or 24 Vdc

Maximum I/O possible is DI 80, AI 40, DO 40, AO 10

 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller - Scanning

I/O Scan time

Digital inputs, all channels 10 ms.
Digital outputs, all channels 10 ms.
Analog inputs, per active channel 60 ms.
Analog outputs, all channels 200 ms.

Type Description Execution

time
Logic Elements AND, OR, INV, XOR (With 2 0.01 ms.
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inputs)
Logic Elements AND, OR (With 4 inputs) 0.02 ms.
Arithmetic Elements ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV (With 0.06 ms.
2 inputs)
 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller - Scanning
Digital I/O’s are scanned cyclically every 10 ms.
Active analog inputs in the application are scanned sequentially which
takes 60 ms. per input.
Analog outputs are scanned cyclically every 200 ms.
I/O Values are stored in an internal memory which is read/written with
the cycle time of PC programs.
Cycle time can be chosen between 2 ms to 20 ms in steps of 2 ms
Memory

Digital inputs 1 5 Digital outputs

Input buffer
(Raw data)
Analog inputs 2 6 Analog outputs
4. Write the processed data into
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1. Read all DI and write into input

Output buffer output data buffer.
data buffer once every 10 ms. 3 (Processed5 data)
4 5. Read all DO data from processed
2. Read each active AI (one by one) data buffer and write the same
and write into input data buffer Control into DO once every 10 ms
once every 60 ms. program
6. Read all AO data from
3. Process raw data once every x processed data buffer and
ms (x: selectable between 2 ms write the same into AO once
to 20 ms in steps of 2 ms.). every 200 ms
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 55 Controller – Cycle Time

- An application program can have a maximum

of 31 execution modules or sequence
modules executed cyclically.
- Different cycle times and priorities can be
assigned to the execution modules so the
application program can include both fast
and slow control functions.
- Cycle time can be chosen from the range 2 ms to
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20 ms in steps of 2 ms.
- Control modules with shorter cycle times always
have a higher priority than those with longer
cycle times.
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 55 Controller – Remote Communication
- Supports multi-drop and point-point networks
- Employs Master-Slave communication principle
- Can act as a master or as a slave
- Up to 25 slaves per master
- Polling of events from slaves
- Read-write commands for slaves
- Clearing of event queues and setting of clocks in
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slaves
- Data transfer in packets (Data sets)
- Time synchronisation of slaves and time stamping
at slaves
 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller - Main Unit Scematic

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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 55 Controller - Extension Unit Schematic
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 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller - Main Unit Physical View

For connection to master (when used

as slave)

For connection to engineering station

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 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller - Expansion Unit Physical View

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 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 55 Controller - Communication

Network of AC 55 controllers to the higher order

automation systems in the hierarchical setup
- RCOM/RCOM+ (proprietary)
Fieldbus for interconnecting remote I/O and smart
instruments
- Advant Fieldbus 100 (proprietary)
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
Controller Example - Medium
Advant Controller 410 (AC410)*

Main unit Expansion unit

AC410
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*Courtesy ABB
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller - Features

- Medium sized controller with most functionality

- Capable of binary, regulatory, and supervisory
control
- Wide ranging process control and communication
capabilities
- For use as stand alone or as part of bigger distributed
control system
- Supports all levels of automation hierarchies
- I/O ranging from 100 – 4300
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- Full range of I/O with central and distributed I/O via

fieldbus
- Hardware extendibility and scalability
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller - Functionality

Control configuration with very extensive libraries

Process object distributed data base
Alarm and event handling
Local history logging
Direct and remote I/O communication via fieldbus
External communication and fieldbus support
All configuration data stored in controller
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Communication via fieldbus with/without redundancy

Self configuration with hot swapping of I/O modules
Supports local as well as central HSI
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller - Functionality
Control loop times of 10ms (standard)
Local time tagging on ms. level with SOE (Sequence
Of Events) I/O and event generation
The execution units in PC program are normally given
cycle times of 10 ms. – 2 s. (5 ms. – 32 s. after
reconfiguration). The internal program system
(operating system and PC interpreter) organises
the execution of units with periodicity selected
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Ordinarily, selection of same cycle times is possible

for reading values from digital and analog
modules
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller – Programmable Control
(PC) Elements

- Logic and sequence control with interlocks and time

delays
- Data and text handling, report generation
- Calendar/time and arithmetic functions
- Feedback (PID), regulatory control and positioning
- Pulse counting and frequency measurement
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller - Physical View

68020 processor with up

to 8 MB of RAM (4 MB
for user applications)

Bus
2 Slots for
LAN modules
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2 Slots for personality modules

for I/O & field communications
15 Slots for S100 I/O
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller – Schematic
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 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 410 Controller – Personality Module

A novel idea to develop and support multi vendor
interfaces. Supports serial interface for:

ABB S800 and other remote I/O

Allen-Bradley, MODBUS,
MODBUS Plus, Generic, HART,
Smart Platform, etc.
© KLSS NITK - 35 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 410 Controller – Personality Module

Processor
AC410 CPU/RAM

Backplane Bus

Personality Module
Shared RAM Interface

Multi-vendor
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CPU Prom interface program

(Protocol converter)

Field Communication
Driver
Field Devices
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller – I/O System
Centralised
S100 I/O System
Up to 15 I/O modules can be located I/O Modules

in main or each expansion rack

Decentralised (Remote)
S800 I/O System I/O Controller (interfaced through
personality module
Distributed I/O modules
communicate with the controller
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I/O Modules
I/O Modules
over Advant Fieldbus 100. This
communication can have
redundancy
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AC 410 Controller in Cabinet
Personality Module S100 I/O Module

To Bus To Bus

Basic unit with

S100 I/O

Serial Parallel
Connection Cable Connection Cable

Connection units S800 I/O Modules Connection Unit

Power supply unit

© KLSS NITK - 38 - Dec 01, 2005

To/From Process To/From Process

On-board processing capability for

time-tagging, event-handling,
filtering and gain control in I/O
modules
 Overview of DCS and NMS

AC 410 Controller - Communication

Control network for interconnecting controllers and

HSIs over LAN
- MasterBus (proprietary)

Fieldbus for interconnecting remote I/O and smart

instruments
- Advant Fieldbus 100 (proprietary)
- Profibus-DP (open)
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- RCOM/RCOM+ with multi vendor interfaces (MVI)

for customised protocols from MODBUS,
Siemens, Allen Bradly, etc.
- LonWorks (open)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Human System Interface (HSI)
Hardware based
Mimic Diagram with process diagram
lamps, meters, semaphore indicators,
etc. for displaying the status of process bjects
push button, control switches, etc. for effecting
the process control
Software based
Monitors with process diagrams with
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active display of the status of process

objects
Mouse for selection of process objects
Keyboard/Mouse for effecting process control
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Human System Interface - Example

Advant HSI*
© KLSS NITK - 41 - Dec 01, 2005

*Courtesy ABB
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Advant HSI - Construction
Advant Advant
SW Products Operator
AdvaCommand Workplace
AdvaBuild

Workplace*

Advant
Engineering
Workplace
© KLSS NITK - 42 - Dec 01, 2005

Advant Special
HW Products keyboard
Track ball
*Can be supplied by 3rd party
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Advant HSI - AdvaCommand
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The complete operator workplace for process

automation for operation and engineering
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand

Operator interaction by
intuition
Consistent information
display and access
Plant-wide information
acquisition
Intelligent alarm and
event handling
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A comprehensive environment for improving

process operations through an intuitive
graphical interface and windowing connectivity
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Operations
Trending The integrated solution for HSI
System
diagnostics

Event
recorder

Reporting,
postmortem
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reports Better navigation

Engineering
Faster reaction
Higher reliability
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Main Features

Intuitive and ergonomical user interface

Process supervision and control
Single-window capabilities
Graphical display builder
Event and alarm handling
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Trend package
On-line configuration of controllers
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Operator log in/log out
AdvaCommand System alarms Icons for
Audible alarm system
Screen layout System tools – backup, restart etc. functions
Authority – only monitoring, no
control Fixed display area – common to all
Date and time displays (selectable)

Alarm line
Display name
and description

Display area
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Object close-
up area
Dynamic keys (attributes)
specific to selected
objects
Dialog line
Message line
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Intuitive user interface – main features
- Full graphics with high resolution
- Windowing capabilities
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Intuitive user interface

Basic Display
gives overview
covers the
whole display
area

Buttons (short-
cuts) for
additional
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display
windows for
particular
objects
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Intuitive user interface

Up to five
windows can be
opened over
and above the
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basic display!
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Intuitive user interface
Interaction (navigational) tools

“Point-and-click”
operation
Dialogs
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Pull-down menus
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Intuitive user interface

“Point-and-click”
(Select the object)
Object dialog
(Dynamic keys)
related to the
object appear
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Close-up display
of the object
appear
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Intuitive user interface Pull-down menus
(Right click the object)
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Process supervision and control

Single window
Process sectioning
Status lists
Self diagnostics
Trending
Event and alarm handling
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Manual and auto control

 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
User interface
Example : Manual and auto control
Selected object
(Point the object
and click)
- Corresponding
dialog (Dynamic
keys) appears
- Object close-up
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appears
Use the dynamic
keys to select auto
or manual control
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Object display with detailed information

Automatically
created
No extra
configuration
Available for all
objects in the
system
© KLSS NITK - 56 - Dec 01, 2005

Examples :
All attributes of an object such as Limits, Interlocks, Auto/Manual,
Auto tune, Parameters, etc.
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Sophisticated control

Auto tuning
details
Autotune
push-button
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Sequence step
Sequence control

Sequence
execution
details
© KLSS NITK - 58 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Event and alarm
Operation by exception
Status in process
displays
Status in object
displays and close-ups
Direct object selection
Alarm bar showing
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latest alarm
Alarm and event lists
Alarm grouping and
External alarms
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Trend display

Extremely easy
runtime
configuration
Trace control
Analyze
functions
6 Parameters
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trending
simultaneously
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Trend display - Trace control

Filter
Time Offset
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Trend display - Analyse functions
Zoom Horizontal
drag with mouse
Time scope 1 hour

Requested area
in details
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Time scope 6 minutes

 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Trend display - Log Information

Log detailed
information
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
System status
Continuous diagnosis
of the control system
List of control
system alarms
Control network
overview
Status for individual
nodes
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I/O boards
Communication
Other hardware
components
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Status list
Instant status reports
of the process Flexible search keys

List presentation
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 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaCommand
Process sectioning

Operator authority
definition
Alarm and event
processing
Storage
Display
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Printing
External
alarms
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaBuild
On-line Builder
Facilitates commissioning and maintenance

Live process
values

On-line
configuration of
controllers
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(including backup)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
AdvaBuild
Display builder WYSIWYG
(What You See Is
Object What You Get)
list
Dynamic
display
elements

Creates the
display and
© KLSS NITK - 68 - Dec 01, 2005

assigns
different tags in
Graphics palette the controller
Colour
with drawing tools database
palette
 Overview of DCS and NMS
DCS – Communication
Among controllers and HSI
Standard TCP/IP networks are employed for peer –
peer communication among controllers and HSI’s

Between controller and field devices

Open and proprietary fildbus protocols and networks
are supported by the controllers for communication
with the field devices (distributed processors, smart
instruments, and remote I/O)
© KLSS NITK - 69 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Network Management Systems (NMS)

Employed for automation of

geographically distributed processes
© KLSS NITK - 70 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Geographically Distributed Process - Examples
Utilities
Electrical transmission and distribution
(Substations and distribution stations connected through power transmission and distribution lines)

Water transmission and distribution

(Pumping and distribution stations connected through water transmission and distribution pipelines)

Gas distribution
(Pumping and distribution stations connected through gas distribution pipelines)

Water transportaion and distribution

(Pumping and distribution stations connected through main and distribution canals)

Industries
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Oil and gas transmission

(Pumping and repeater stations connected through oil and gas transmission pipelines)

Slurry transportation
(Pumping and repeater stations connected through slurry transportation pipelines)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Communicable Data Acquisition and Control Unit
The front end equipment of the control system which
interfaces with the process is called Data Acquisition
and Control Unit (DACU)
Bus Input/output system

Loaded with Digital Input

Input
software for data
Digital
acquisition and Processor
Processor
Digital Output
Output

INSTRUMENTATION
Digital

INSTRUMENTATION
control
Memory
Memory
Analog Input
Analog Input

PROCESS
PROCESS
Communication

Local LAN Interface

LAN Interface Analog Output
Analog Output
system
© KLSS NITK - 72 - Dec 01, 2005

Pulse Input
Pulse Input
Remote Serial Interface
Serial Interface
Pulse Output
Pulse Output

Power Supply
Supply Serial Interface
Serial Interface
Power
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Communicable Data Acquisition and Control Unit
Equipped with all types of I/O modules and with the
software for ”automation functions”*
Input/output system
Loaded with Bus
software for data Digital Input
Input
acquisition and
Digital
Processor
Processor

INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENTATION
control
Digital Output
Digital Output
Memory
Memory

PROCESS
Analog Input
Input

PROCESS
Analog
Communication

Local Serial Interface

Serial Interface Analog Output
Analog Output
system

Pulse Input
Pulse Input
Remote LAN Interface
LAN Interface Pulse Output
Output
Pulse
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Power Supply
Supply Serial Interface
Serial Interface
Power

*open loop control and all variants of closed loop (feedback)

control with multiple inputs, multiple outputs,and multiple
loops with “interdependence” among various loops, if
required
 Overview of DCS and NMS
NMS – Evolution - Background
The original concept is based earlier on the measurement
and control tasks associated with the geographically
distributed power transmission networks
Measurement of the process parameters into and control
of the process parameters from the central station of a
distantly located process over long distance power line
communication
This lead to “Telemetering, Tele-indiaction, and
Telecontrol”
© KLSS NITK - 74 - Dec 01, 2005

“Tele - means doing things from distance”

Finally, the equipment at the distant end got replaced by
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
NMS – Evolution - Functionality
Telemeterig
To get the continuously varying parameters (analog)
such as electrical voltage, current, power, etc.
Teleindication
To get the discretely varying parameters (digital) such
as switchgear status, alarms, relay status, etc.
Telecontrol
To send the control commands to control the process
© KLSS NITK - 75 - Dec 01, 2005

parameters such as set point (analog) for

generators, trip/close of switchgears (digital), etc.
All the above from and to distant electrical
substations !!!!
 Overview of DCS and NMS
NMS – General Configuration

Instrumentation

Human System Interface (HSI)

Process

Communication Lines
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Instrumentation
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Process
LAN for local communication RTU
LAN

Front-end Processors (FEP) Instrumentation

© KLSS NITK - 76 - Dec 01, 2005

Process

Front-end processors and communication

lines can be with or without redundancy
 Overview of DCS and NMS
NMS - Structure

For geographically distributed process

Physical Process (Distributed

localised processes)
Instrumentation
Data acquisition and control unit
(RTU)
Communication
Human System Interface (HSI)
© KLSS NITK - 77 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU – Functionalities

Important functions are:

- Local data acquisition and control execution
- Local communication with field devices
- Remote communication with supervisory
systems for data exchange
- Execution of automation functions (not very
common)
© KLSS NITK - 78 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Remote Teminal Unit Example - Small

RTU 211*
© KLSS NITK - 79 - Dec 01, 2005

* Courtesy ABB
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Features
- Small and compact
- Different protocol support (IEC870-5-101, Modbus,
RP570, Indactic 33 /35, ADLP 180, DNP3.0, etc.
- Fibre optic connection to remote I/O
- Redundant communication lines
- Connection to multiple control centers
- Low power consumption (2-3W)
© KLSS NITK - 80 - Dec 01, 2005

- Automation function programming

- Time stamping
- Operation range from -40 to +70
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Functionalities

Equipped with advanced functionality options more

usually associated with larger RTUs for example:

- For use with small to medium data quantity

- Redundant communications ports
- Dual master communication
- Local display and printing
- RTU to RTU communication
© KLSS NITK - 81 - Dec 01, 2005

- Communication to intelligent electronic devices

(Field devices)
- Accurate time stamping
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Capacity
© KLSS NITK - 82 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Main unit schematic

CENTRAL STATIONS

PC based
engineering
RTU 211
and test tool DI DO AI RS485
Printer
© KLSS NITK - 83 - Dec 01, 2005

Local Display Direct I/O Remote I/O

(for additional I/O)
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Main unit schematic – power system

TRANSFORMER RTU211
23BC60

220 VAC
or Battery charger,
110 VAC monitoring and test circuits
AC Fail
and Battery Fail
alarms
© KLSS NITK - 84 - Dec 01, 2005

Charge current 1 Amp

3 Ah
Battery 7 Ah
12 Ah
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Physical view

Basic module with power supply, CPU, and I/O

© KLSS NITK - 85 - Dec 01, 2005

Power supply and CPU module Basic I/O module

 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Physical view

I/O module Basic module

Battery
© KLSS NITK - 86 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS

RTU211 Protocol Converter

© KLSS NITK - 87 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS

RTU211 Protocol Converter Structure

Communication with up to
3 control centers
© KLSS NITK - 88 - Dec 01, 2005

Connection to main CPU

 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU 211
Remote communication

- Originally developed for ABB protocol RP570

(Proprietary)
- IEC 870-5-101 (Open)
- Modbus RTU and ASCII
- DNP3.0

Over communication media:

© KLSS NITK - 89 - Dec 01, 2005

- Fixed line, Dial-up PSTN, GSM, ISDN modems

- Fibre optic
- Radios, Satellite, etc.
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Medium Remote Terminal Unit
RTU232*
© KLSS NITK - 90 - Dec 01, 2005

* Courtesy ABB
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU232 Specifications
RTU232
© KLSS NITK - 91 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU232 System Capacity
RTU232

Maximum configuration
2352 single indications (SI) or 1176 double indications (DI)
or, 255 analog measured values (AMV) or, 255 (147) digital
measured values 8 (19) bit or, 255 pulse counter values or,
1168 double object commands (pulse)
255 regulation commands or,
255 setpoint messages digital: 15 bit + strobe or
analog 11 bit + sign
255 general output messages digital: 1 bit / 2 bit 16 bit or
© KLSS NITK - 92 - Dec 01, 2005

255 general output messages analog 11 bit + sign

 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU232 Hardware Structure
RTU232
CS
Power supply
19,2 - 72 VDC Transmission

Basic Subrack CPU/MEM MODEM

MMI
Parallel Bus
Serial Bus PC

Slots for I/O-Boards

14 2 Programming
Process Connection Terminal
Serial Bus: RS485 <= 1000 m or
optical cable up to approx. n x 3 km
Power supply
19,2 - 72 VDC
Extension Subrack
© KLSS NITK - 93 - Dec 01, 2005

Serial Bus

Slots for I/O-Boards

19 21
Connection of up to 7 Process Connection
Extension Subracks
 Overview of DCS and NMS
RTU232 – CPU Module
RTU232

NS 486 Microprocessor
8752 Peripheral bus processor
Rs232C VFT Interface – 19,200
bauds
RS232C Interface – 9,600 bauds
for MMC
2 Nos. RS232C Interfaces –
19,200 bauds for CPA and CPB
© KLSS NITK - 94 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Hardware - Digital Input Module
RTU232

16 binary inputs
Only one type of module for all
digital input signal types
pulse counters
single and double indication
digital measurands
Inputs potentially isolated
© KLSS NITK - 95 - Dec 01, 2005

Input voltage + 24 ..... + 60 V DC

LED's indicating the input states
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Hardware - Digital Output Module
RTU232

Potentially isolated outputs

Up to 16 binary signals
Signal types supported:
Object commands
Setpoint messages
General output messages
Output voltage + 24 ..... + 60 V DC
© KLSS NITK - 96 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Hardware - Analog Input Module

RTU232

8 Analog inputs
Only one type of module for all
applications
+/- 1 mA, +/- 2.5 mA, +/- 5 mA
+/- 10 mA; +/- 20 mA
+/- 1 V DC; 0 ... +10 V DC
Resolution internal 12 bits +
© KLSS NITK - 97 - Dec 01, 2005

sign
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Hardware - Analog Output Module

RTU232

2 Analog outputs
Only one type of module for all
applications
+/- 1 mA, +/- 2.5 mA, +/- 5 mA
+/- 10 mA; +/- 20 mA
+/- 1 V DC; 0 ... +10 V DC
© KLSS NITK - 98 - Dec 01, 2005

Resolution internal 11 bits +

sign
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Local Automation (LAF)
RTU232
Local Automation Functions
Sequential Control
e.g. sequential switching programs, calculating group signals
Closed-loop control
e.g. flow-rate regulation, liquid-level control, etc.
LAF Program
runs parallel to the standard telecontrol functions
Control centre has access to LAF by virtual commands
and messages
© KLSS NITK - 99 - Dec 01, 2005

S.P.I.D.E.R. RTU 232

Control Centre
Tele-control
Data LAF
functions
base
Process
I/O signals
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Master Station - Front-end Processor
MicroSCADA
Functionality
Provides interface for “data acquisition from” and
“control to” RTUs
Preprocesses the acquired data from RTUs to reduce
the load on the main processor
Protocol management – can support many channels
with different protocols simultaneously
Supports redundant communication lines with switch
© KLSS NITK - 100 - Dec 01, 2005

over to healthy line on fault

Handles synchronisation of RTUs, automatic start up of
RTUs on communication resumption
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Configurations - General MicroSCADA

Server system with

Workstation system dedicated front-end
with dedicated front- processor and
end processor and dedicated HSI
dedicated HSI
SYS
SYS550
550
SYS
SYS530
530
Integrated system
with built-in front-end HSI
processor and HSI HSI
SYS
SYS510
510

HSI
© KLSS NITK - 101 - Dec 01, 2005

Front-end Front-end

RTUs
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Configuration - Small
MicroSCADA
Integrated system with internal
communication front-end and human system
interface

Operator work place (HSI)

Communication
equipment
RTUs
Base system with
© KLSS NITK - 102 - Dec 01, 2005

internal front-end
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Configuration - Medium
MicroSCADA
Single server with dedicated communication
and human system interface

Operator work places

Front-end Remote workstation

Base system
© KLSS NITK - 103 - Dec 01, 2005

Communication

RTUs
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Configuration - Large Redundant
MicroSCADA
Redundant server with redundant dedicated
communication and human system interface
Operator work places
Second control room

Repeater
& Bridge
Local Area Network

Redundant Redundant
© KLSS NITK - 104 - Dec 01, 2005

base systems front-ends Remote workstation

Communication

RTUS
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Human System Interface
MicroSCADA
Features

Multi monitor Single monitor

• Alpha Workstations • Alpha Workstations
• Windows PCs • Windows PCs
• Flying mouse • X-terminals

LAN

Base system monitor

© KLSS NITK - 105 - Dec 01, 2005

• Alpha Workstations
• Windows NT PCs Remote MMI
• Windows PCs
• Dial-up
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Peripherals
MicroSCADA

MicroSCADA

Printers

Mimic panel
© KLSS NITK - 106 - Dec 01, 2005

Alarm units External time

and pagers synchronization
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Supervision
MicroSCADA

Process displays Lists Trends and reports Printouts Alarm signals

Communication Process Report Third-party

systems database database systems
© KLSS NITK - 107 - Dec 01, 2005

RTUs

Process
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Control MicroSCADA

Manual Time-based Event-based Sequential

Communication Process Report Third-party

systems database database systems
© KLSS NITK - 108 - Dec 01, 2005

RTUs

Process
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Server Structure
MicroSCADA

Standard
function

APPLICATION

Process displays Time objects Event objects Procedure objects

Printouts Alarm signals

© KLSS NITK - 109 - Dec 01, 2005

SCIL
Report Process Communication
Communication DDE
DDE Third
Thirdparty
party
database database systems
systems SQL/ODBC
SQL/ODBC systems
systems

RTUs
RTUs
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Redundancy
MicroSCADA

Watchdog application Standby update for

• Supervision
• All application files on
• ‘Take over’ decision disk
• ‘Run’ decision • Process data in main
memory
Application states
• Hot Update basis
• Standby • Event-based
• Cold • Time-based
• User-defined
Base software Base software
© KLSS NITK - 110 - Dec 01, 2005

Standby
Hot Watchdog Watchdog
applications
applications application application
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Redundancy
MicroSCADA

Operator stations

R B
Real-time LAN
R Office LAN

Customer Watchdog Customer Customer Watchdog Customer

application application
application application Communication application application Communication
© KLSS NITK - 111 - Dec 01, 2005

Base software Base software

 Overview of DCS and NMS
Redundancy
MicroSCADA

Operator
workstations Brouter

LANs Repeaters
Office-LAN

System
© KLSS NITK - 112 - Dec 01, 2005

Communication
servers frontends
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Software Structure
MicroSCADA

• Application functions from LIB500

• Process pictures
Application • Process and report objects
• SCIL programs
• Event list, alarm lists, reports etc.

• SCIL program execution

• Open interfaces
MicroSCADA Kernel • Application object types (classes)
• Database management for application
objects
• User interface services
• Communication services
• Configuration management

Operating System
© KLSS NITK - 113 - Dec 01, 2005

• Windows NT

• Standard PC hardware
Hardware • Communication board, alarm unit etc.
 Overview of DCS and NMS
System Openness
MicroSCADA

Implemented
Data Services Open
Protocols
Offered Services

Communication
Application Program
Program Interface
Interface

Local Area Network

Operating systems • TCP/IP
© KLSS NITK - 114 - Dec 01, 2005

• Windows NT 4.0

Used Services
Man-Machine Interface
• Windows GUI
• OSF/Motif
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Application Engineering
MicroSCADA

Customer application Customer application Customer application Customer application

District heating Electricity distribution Hydro power Other

Engineering
Standard
StandardFunction
Function Customer-specific
Customer-specific
Installation
Installation function
functionprogramming
programming

Base software
© KLSS NITK - 115 - Dec 01, 2005

High-level
Standard Function application tools
Library

Main program
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Application Engineering MicroSCADA

Substation
District heating
Customer Hydro power
Electricity distribution
application

Standard Function
Standard Function
Installation
Installation Customer-specific
Customer-specific
Engineering function programming
function programming
© KLSS NITK - 116 - Dec 01, 2005

High-level
Standard Function application tools
Library

Base software
Main program
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Human System Interface (HSI)
Hardware based
Mimic Diagram with process diagram
lamps, meters, semaphore indicators,
etc. for displaying the status of process bjects
push button, control switches, etc. for effecting
the process control

Software based
© KLSS NITK - 117 - Dec 01, 2005

Monitors with process diagrams with

active display of the status of process
objects
Mouse for selection of process objects
Keyboard/Mouse for effecting process control
 Overview of DCS and NMS
SCADA Functions
MicroSCADA

13:19:45 Week : 1
Exit Help MAIN MENU Alarm Event
94-01-03 Monday
• System overview
Ack. ALARM 94-01-03 11:40:01 INN. T01 CURRENT L1

• Station diagram
SYSTEM OVERVIEW STATIONS

• Alarm handling
• Event handling
ALARMS EVENTS

• Blocking

TRENDS
• Reports
REPORTS

• Trends
© KLSS NITK - 118 - Dec 01, 2005

TOOLS ACCESSORIES
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Password Handling
MicroSCADA

13:19:45 Week : 1
Exit Help
94-01-03 PASSWORD HANDLING Monday
Alarm Event

Ack. ALARM 94-01-03 11:40:01 INN. T01 CURRENT L1

“Old Password” :
“New Password” :

User authorization
mechanisms, easy to
adapt according to
customer
organization
© KLSS NITK - 119 - Dec 01, 2005

List Remove Add Erase

More
Users User User Menu
 Overview of DCS and NMS
System Overview
MicroSCADA
Status presentation

13:19:45 Week : 1
• Numerical form
Exit Help
94-01-03
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Monday
Alarm Event

Ack. ALARM 94-01-03 11:40:01 INN. T01 CURRENT L1

• Graphical form
• Status information
• Software
• Hardware
• Base systems
• Front-ends
© KLSS NITK - 120 - Dec 01, 2005

• Communication
lines
• RTUs
• Printers
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Process Diagram – Example
MicroSCADA
Electrical Substation Objects
Object : INN. T T01 • Breakers
Object : INN. BR F03
High Alarm
Raise 18
17
16
15
14
State : Hand
Breaker Open High Warning • Disconnectors
13
Select Low Warning
Voltage : 20.3 12
Change To
• Earth switches
11
10

Position: 11
9
8
Auto State Low Alarm
7
6
5
4
Erase

• Measurements
Lower 3
Execute Cancel
Window
2
1
Execute Cancel

13:19:45 Week : 1
• Transformers
Exit Help 94-01-03 INNENSTADT Monday Alarm Event

Ack. ALARM 94-01-03 11:40:01 INN. T01 CURRENT L1

• Capacitor banks
• Protection
Control panels
© KLSS NITK - 121 - Dec 01, 2005

• Control operations
• Limit value
settings
Acknowledge Show Edit Station Erase
More Alarm Basket Measures Limits Menu Menu
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Lists MicroSCADA

13:19:45 Week : 1
Exit Help
94-01-03 ALARM LIST Monday
Alarm Event

• Alarms
Mode : Updating Persisting Alarms Page : 1 ( 1 )

94 - 01 - 03 11:23:47.342 INN. F05 Current L1 Alarm 1

-”- 12:32:14.576 INN. F02 Breaker Position Alarm 1

• Events
-“- 12:35:40.643 INN. 230VAC - Supply Akc. 1
94 - 01 - 02 00:23:47.132 KAF.N F12 Current L1,L2,L3 Alarm 3
-”- 02:32:14.389 INN. F06 Breaker Position Alarm 1
-“- 17:35:40.012 KAF.N F08 Over Current I>> L2 3
Object : INN. F05 Current
Akc. L1

Acknowledge Object
• Blockings
Acknowledge All Objects Cancel
• On screen and
Fleeting Alarms Page : 1 ( 1 )
paper
© KLSS NITK - 122 - Dec 01, 2005

94 - 01 - 02
-”-
10:13:17.897
10:14:14.398
INN. F02 Current L1
INN. F02 Breaker Position
1
1
3
• Condition
-“- 17:35:40.742 KAF.N F12 Over Current I>> L2
handling

Change Persisting Fleetin Erase

More Conditions
Mode Menu
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Reporting
MicroSCADA

15:19:45 Week : 1
Exit Help
94-01-03 DAILY REPORT Monday
Alarm Event

• Time frames
Monday 94 - 01 - 03 PURCHASED ENERGY DAILY REPORT MWH

• Daily
BASIC MID PEAK EXCESS 3H

• Weekly
TIME INNEN HAFEN TOTAL MEAN

• Monthly
• Yearly
• Energy reports
• Current reports
• Interfaces to
© KLSS NITK - 123 - Dec 01, 2005

Day
external
programs
Night
Total

More
Select
Day Edit
Report
Menu
Erase
Menu
• Editing features
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Trends MicroSCADA

Curve Representation INN. F03 CURRENT L1

INN. F04 CURRENT L1
Measured Mean Peak INN. F05 CURRENT L1

• Numerical
INN. F12 BREAKER POSITION
G.B. F03 CURRENT L1
Cancel G.B. F03 CURRENT L2
INN. F05 CURRENT L2

INN.
G.B.
F03 CURRENT L1
F01 CURRENT L3
INN. 15:19:45
H12 BREAKER POSITION Week : 1
• Graphical
Exit Help
G.B. H12 CURRENT L2
94-01-03
TREND Monday
Alarm Event

Cancel
• Measured, mean
or peak value
2
SCALE
1 9
Curve Colour • Dynamic X
and Y axis
Max

Min

Cancel

Cancel
© KLSS NITK - 124 - Dec 01, 2005

Choose Time Scale or Interval

Scale Interval
Erase
Menu
Cancel

Select Clear
More
Hour Trend
 Overview of DCS and NMS
A PC-based Network Management System
MicroSCADA*
© KLSS NITK - 125 - Dec 01, 2005

* Courtesy ABB
 Overview of DCS and NMS
NMS – Communication
Between FEP and RTUs
- Proprietory protocols
- IEC Protocol 870-5-101

Between RTU and field devices

- Any fieldbus protocols (Open as well as proprietory)
© KLSS NITK - 126 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Automation Hierarchies

Level 0
- Instrumentation
Level 1
- Controllers/RTUs
Level 2
- Human system interfaces
Level 3
- Inter area controllers
© KLSS NITK - 127 - Dec 01, 2005

Level 4
- MIS/ERP Systems
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Control Hierarchies

Level 1
- Direct control of process
Level 2
- Supervisory control of distributed controllers/RTUs
Level 3
- Inter area coordination
© KLSS NITK - 128 - Dec 01, 2005

Level 4
- High level scheduling, management information
related control
 Overview of DCS and NMS

Level 1 Control Tasks

Maintain direct control of the plant parameters

Detect and respond to any emergency conditions in
the plant
Collect information on plant parameters and transmit
the same to higher levels
Perform diagnostics and update standby systems
© KLSS NITK - 129 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Level 2 Control Tasks

Provide human system interface

Maintain system status information
Notify the abnormal happenings in the system
Manual control platform
Engineering environment for the Level 1/Level 2
control components
© KLSS NITK - 130 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Level 3 Control Tasks

Maintain data transparency between Level 2 and

Level 4 computers through various communication
protocol standards. In short, acts as a
communication gateway between the plant control
system and the world outside the plant.
© KLSS NITK - 131 - Dec 01, 2005
 Overview of DCS and NMS
Level 4 Control Tasks

Management and advanced process control tasks

Production control
Production schedule
Inventory management
Energy management
Quality management
© KLSS NITK - 132 - Dec 01, 2005

Production reports and Management analysis

© KLSS NITK - 133 - Dec 01, 2005
Overview of DCS and NMS