ITM Web of Conferences 76, 02011 (2025) https://doi.org/10.

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Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management Enhancing

Transparency and Efficiency
Raja J1*, , Ashish2, Sindhu Boianapalli3, Soma Sabitha M4, Syed Zahidur Rashid5 and Senthil Kumar S6

1
Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Computing, Vel Tech
Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
drrajaj@veltech.edu.in
2
Associate Professor, Department of CSIT, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur
District, Andhra Pradesh, India
dr.aashishsinha@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CVR College of Engineering,
Telangana, India
sindhu1209@gmail.com
4
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
sabitha.mynepalli@gmail.com
5
Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong,
Chittagong, Bangladesh
szrashidcce@yahoo.com
6
Professor, Department of EEE, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu, India
senthilkumar@newprinceshribhavani.com

Abstract. Blockchain technology, as a growing innovation, offers a viable solution to enhance

transparency, traceability, and efficiency in global supply chains. While blockchain has great
potential, several challenges remain, including scalability, integration with legacy systems,
standardization, energy consumption, privacy concerns, and regulatory uncertainty. This enrollment
of data is hoped to tackle these problems of dilemmas, whislt subsequent improved effective equates
being more reasonable in terms of deploying blockchain applications. With the goal of offering a
bridge to most projects still unsure whether to adopt Blockchain technology or to continue under
what we call "Blockchain in the cloud" approach, this study introduces effective solutions on how
to integrate Blockchain with current systems through innovative hybrid systems, standardized user
protocols, and new consensus protocols that optimize cost of implementation and environmental
impact. The other aspect of the research undertakes to design clear regulatory frameworks and
change management systems that can aid in the adoption of blockchain technology for traditional
supply chain stakeholders. By utilizing real-world case studies and the simplification of smart
contract deployment, this work illustrates the practical benefits blockchain can provide in enhancing
supply chain operations. In conclusion, the goal of this study is to pioneer a sustainable, secure, and
efficient blockchain ecosystem that promotes trust, transparency, and collaboration among supply
chain partners, ensuring the future viability of the technology.

Keywords: Blockchain integration, supply chain transparency, hybrid systems, smart contract
deployment, regulatory frameworks.

1 Introduction

Organizations are storming the global landscape to meet demands for efficiency, transparency, and accountability,
resulting in massive transformation of the supply chain. With decentralized and immutable ledger as its backbone,
Blockchain technology has become a game changer for addressing some of the key challenges in supply chain
management. Industries can produce them more efficiently, work more synergistically, and elevate performance
with blockchain through real-time tracking, fraud reduction, and transparency of trust.

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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But while it has huge potential, using blockchain in supply chains is fraught with challenges. Barriers to its broad
use include scalability, integration with existing infrastructure, lack of standardization and high energy
consumption. Issues of privacy, security, and compliance remain obstacles to adoption. However, as switching to
blockchain system launches, the old-fashioned stakeholders often tend to deny these technologies because they
will be forced to pay high initial rates, acquire new methods, and take a chance for data visibility and security.

This paper tries to try addressing these issues and explore opportunities to better align large-scale supply chains
to blockchain systems. The objective of this research is to address the entry barriers for companies of all sizes
(from multinationals to SMEs) by developing blockchain solutions that are scalable, energy efficient, and privacy
as technology that can be applied across other powered applications. With the goal of preserving security and
privacy while easing the deployment we present practical applications and case studies in our research, which will
enhance the performance related aspects of supply chains (productivity, efficiency, safety).

Additionally, the researchers aim to provide its own findings towards the creation of the regulatory framework,
providing concrete guidance for blockchain implementation, which would continue under the stated rules.
Moreover, it highlights the need to establish trust between supply chain partners through blockchain’s natural
transparency, creating a collaborative environment for all parties involved. In conclusion, this research seeks to
extend the long-term success of blockchain technology in supply chain management, paving the way for
innovative and efficient global supply chains.

This paper will discuss the challenges and integration of using the block chain in the area which is crucial to pick
as it is a only way to address the challenges and limitations of block chain and helps in attaining the greatest
potential needed to identify a revolution of an efficient process using block chain in the modern Supply chain
systems.

1.1 Problem Statement

If blockchain technology has the potential to improve transparency, efficiency, and traceability throughout the
supply chain, why isn't it implemented? Such as scalability, its integration and attack on existing legacy systems,
absence of standardization, energy intensive, and data privacy and security concerns. Moreover, the lack of robust
regulatory structures along with pushback from conventional supply chain actors also hinders the effective
deployment of blockchain solutions. The key is working out scalable, energy-efficient and secure blockchain
models, that can slot into existing supply chain infrastructure without adding risk to privacy or upping costs. In
addition, addressing these challenges and creating solutions that promote widespread adoption of blockchain
technology will require more than just incremental changes; it will necessitate a coordinated effort to make
worldwide supply chains more secure, efficient, and sustainable. The objective of this research is to fill those gaps
and present workable solutions that would help overcome the existing drawbacks related to the application of
blockchain in supply chain domain considering the factors of efficiency, trust and giving a collaborative effort to
all supply chain stakeholders.

2 Related Works

In recent years, the transformative potential of blockchain technology for transparency, traceability, and efficiency
improvements in supply chain management has gained attention. Blockchain has the potential to support end-to-
end supply chain traceability, decrease the chances of fraud, and guarantee product authenticity, according to
numerous researchers. Also, Kowalski and Esposito (2023) raise the point that with blockchain continues to be a
decentralized and immutable transaction record which builds up transparency and lowers fraud risks. Nevertheless,
the potential for data privacy and security is one of the biggest obstacles, as blockchain is inherently transparent
(Hossain & Alam, 2023) and can make sensitive business data more visible.

As promising as it is, there are a number of challenges to the proliferation of blockchains. One key issue is
scalability. Increasingly complex and global supply chains generate a higher volume of transactions which can
slow blockchain systems down and add to operational costs (Azizi & Taleb, 2022). In this regard, researchers
recommend looking into hybrid blockchain models and off-chain solutions to make data processing more scalable
and to cut transaction costs. Vetted data This is a key requirement in ensuring a successful implementation, as low-
quality and misrepresented information can pose significant risks to supply chains in terms of operational

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challenges and compromises in reliability. Many companies rely on antiquated legacy systems, and Ríos and
Villegas (2022) note the need for monumental investments and technological upgrades to connect blockchain with
those systems.

Another significant challenge is energy consumption, particularly concerning blockchain’s consensus mechanisms
such as Proof of Work, which require high computation power. Longo et al. According to (2022), blockchain’s
environmental impact could threaten its long-term sustainability as a solution for supply chains, and argue that
alternatives that consume less energy, like Proof of Stake, could help lower blockchain’s carbon footprint. Other
issues include privacy and security surrounding storage since on-chain blockchain records are immutable;
sensitive data could be exposed. This is fundamental to research on privacy-preserving techniques, like zero-
knowledge proofs, to enable the protection of sensitive data without forfeiting the transparency of the blockchain
(Fernández & Iglesias, 2021).

In addition, there is a lack of standardized regulations and frameworks to comply with for the use of blockchain
in worldwide supply chains, further adding to the uncertainty. Inconsistent regulations across regions are
hindering the global adoption of blockchain according to Zhao and Lee (2023); eventually, they suggest the need
to develop unified standards in order to streamline standards for the use of the technology. In fact, despite the
potential of blockchain to enable smarter automation of supply chain transactions, greater development of smart
contracts is still a difficult process fraught with mistakes. They mention that without careful design, smart contract
vulnerabilities can yield unintended consequences, which is a critical challenge for the broader implementation of
smart contracts ( Lee & Kim 2023).

Amid these drawbacks, however, a prominent benefit articulated by several studies is the capacity of blockchain
to build collaboration and trust between supply chain actors. Wamba et al. Audit trails also support increased
collaboration in supply chain processes and can reduce the number of disputes (Moni (2021)). Unfortunately, even
in such a context, resistance to using new technologies from traditional stakeholders persists. As Dong and Wang
(2022) note, combating this resistance involves effectively communicating the advantages of blockchain
technology and implementing appropriate change management.

3 Methodology

This research methodically proceeds the challenge of blockchain technology through a holistic approach in a multi-
phase fashion to explore and improve the solution for global supply chains to remove these barriers with the
transparency and efficiency and traceability. It aids in the identification of the shortcomings of the existing systems
of using blockchain in supply networks and goes the extra mile to devise techniques that timely tackle those gaps
and propel blockchain into the mainstream with the hottest supply chain systems. Figure 1 shows Blockchain
Integration for Supply Chain Optimization.

The initial stage consists of comprehensive literature survey addressing the related studies of blockchain
applications in supply chain management. The first part will seek to contribute to the identification and
classification of the primary barriers to blockchain adoption, including, but not limited to: scalability challenges,
compatibility with existing systems, energy consumption, security and privacy issues, and regulatory uncertainties
넓. We will review existing literature to examine how blockchain is being applied to supply chains across multiple
industries, including both successful case studies and where the technology has failed to live up to expectations. It
will enable the research to identify areas in need of improvement and propose new ideas.

Phase 1: To identify where the gaps which can be filled by blockchain technology can be addressed through a
literature review Phase 2: To design and develop how a Blockchain based solution can bridge the identified key
gaps through the literature review. This paper we focus on hybrid solutions that combine private and public
blockchain architectures in heterogeneous way to offer enhanced transaction throughput while preserving the
security and confidentiality of the blockchain at anyone side of the private and public edge, thus maintaining the
trade-off of for the sake of scaling. It also investigates energy-efficient consensus mechanisms (eg, Proof of Stake
(PoS) and directed acyclic graphs (eg, DAGs)) to reduce the environmental burden of blockchain systems, which
is one of the main limitations of existing implementations. In a broader sense, the study aims to discover that
balance point between energy consumption and system performance through analyzing various consensus
techniques making supply chain blockchain a more viable answer for this concern.

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Literature Review and

Problem Identification

Blockchain Solution
Design

Integration with Existing

Supply Chain Systems

Real-World Case Studies

Performance Evaluation

Development of
Regulatory Framework

Conclusion

Figure 1. Blockchain Integration for Supply Chain Optimization

Blockchain provides transparency which can enhance trust and reduce fraud, but also exposes sensitive data,
making data privacy and security a key consideration in blockchain adoption in supply chains as transparency is
a double-edged sword. As a result, the proposed blockchain infrastructure does include privacy-preserving
features such as zero-knowledge proof methods and other sophisticated encryption approaches. These methods
guarantee the secure exchange of sensitive supply chain information without undermining the integrity and
transparency of the blockchain. In this way, the study intends to identify potential reflexive solutions able to
respond both the organizational privacy expectations of and the supply chains protection needs.

Phase three of our methodology assesses how well the blockchain solution seamlessly integrates into existing
supply chain systems. This is a headache for most companies, especially ones that work with older tech. To
counter such issues, the study will examine the potential solutions that are standardized protocols and APIs, to
achieve seamless integration between blockchain platforms and traditional supply chain management systems.
The objective of the study is thus to propose an adaptable solution to reduce the hurdles for utilizing blockchain
technology, aiming to foster the proliferation of the technology among businesses of all sizes and technological
sophistication. This is to ensure that the blockchain solution is compatible at various levels of different supply
chain models ranging from multinationals to SMEs.

The research will also contain real-world case studies with different simulations of supply chain scenarios to prove
the practicality of the blockchain solution. The case studies will include use cases ranging from product traceability
and anti-fraud mechanisms to inventory management, while illustrating how blockchain enhances transparency
and operational efficiency across sectors. The study will be monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs)

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including transaction velocity, cost-efficiency, and product traceability accuracy to assess implementation
effectiveness.

The fourth phase covers performance evaluation and will rigorously test the scalability, security and cost-
effectiveness of the blockchain solution across a variety of supply chain scenarios. This will also include testing
the blockchain system in conditions of high transaction volumes, geographical spread of networks and mixed
transaction types. This round of testing should provide you with a solid understanding of how the blockchain
solution you have implemented will work, and whether or not there are any bottlenecks within the system and
areas for improvement, all to make sure that the solution is strong enough to reflect the challenges of a global
supply chain.

Finally, the last step of the methodology leads to the creation of a regulatory framework to govern blockchain
apps in food supply chains. One of the biggest barriers holding back the mass-market adoption of blockchain
technology is regulatory uncertainty. It will suggest an explicit structure of practices and measurements made from
the viewpoint of law, finance, and operation model for blockchain approaches. As a result, research aligned
blockchain applications with prescribed and anticipated regulations to ease the adoption process and provide
companies with a compliance roadmap.

This way, the research will present a holistic approach to the impediments of blockchain adoption in supply
chains. It is like trying not only to improve the consistency and transparency of global supply chains, but also
designing a blockchain constellation of figuring out how to be productive while protecting and defending and also
collaborating to persuade all stakeholders. This paper will contribute to the long-term success of blockchain as a
transformable vehicle for the new paradigms of supply chains by tackling the limitations are existing or have not
been developed in the recent state of publications.

4 Results and Discussion

This research further illustrates the capacity of blockchain technology to increase transparency, quality, and
traceability in supply chains while overcoming several barriers to widespread use. The research achieved
substantial scalability gains by implementing a hybrid blockchain model. The system could process a larger
volume of transactions with reduced latency and faster processing times by integrating both private and public
blockchain systems. With the addition of PoS consensus mechanisms, energy consumption was further optimized
and the blockchain system became more sustainable and environmentally friendly than traditional PoW models.
These advancements in scalability and energy efficiency are essential for positioning blockchain as an effective
solution to global supply chains that generally have several transactions across numerous areas.

Figure 2. Blockchain Transparency Contribution in Supply Chains

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Figure 2 shows the blockchain transparency contribution in supply chains. For privacy and security, the blockchain
solution inspired confidence in privacy- preserving techniques, including zero-knowledge proofs and encryption
methods, which provide high levels of security and privacy while still allowing for systems to be interoperable.
This mechanism preserved the confidentiality of sensitive information like prices, purchase history, and terms
order, all without compromising the transparency and immutability aspects of the blockchain. Bottom Line:
While data together with privacy and transparency is an important breakthrough for industries where
confidentiality holds firm like pharmaceuticals, it is also a crucial factor, however, to track luxury goods. By using
techniques that preserve privacy, proprietary information about supply chains can be handled in a more secure
manner, which could lead to greater blockchain adoption across organizations.

Furthermore, the research is capable of tackling the Integration of blockchain technology with the current supply
chain systems. This allowed the blockchain solution to bridge legacy systems using common standards and APIs,
which lowered the technical and financial adoption barriers. And it also eased the opposition that stakeholders
faced when they implemented the integration process with their legacy systems and initially resisted the adoption
of blockchain and the perils of integration. This integration has been successful, and also paves the way for
blockchain adoption across multiple industries — from garpar to large corporations — to use the technology
without tremendous disruption to the network, or a break with existing infrastructure.

Novel case studies conducted during this research demonstrated substantial benefits in real-life supply chains
afforded by the adoption of blockchain technology. Through Product Traceability, for example, a case study had
shown that blockchain would provide a tamper-proof record of every transaction from the source to the
destination, enabling the participants to verify the origin and authenticity of a product. This was especially crucial
in sectors like food and pharmaceuticals, where product safety and quality were part of the culture. The case
studies highlight the power of blockchain in fraud reduction and error correction of inventory management through
tracking a verifiable (tamper proof) implementation of inventory management solution. The above-mentioned use
cases demonstrate the power of blockchain technology in addressing large issues of supply chain management.

One of the benefits of the blockchain system was its ability to scale with transaction volume; performance
assessments conducted on the blockchain system, under different supply chain conditions, evaluated the system's
ability to maintain efficiency under high loads, relating the performance constraints of the stakeholders with the
throughput and latency of the blockchain system. Notably, the security and data integrity of the blockchain solution
held up under stress, which meant that the supply chain would be resistant to sudden attacks or data breachesm
These results have demonstrated that the blockchain can withstand the pressures of global supply chains, even in
industries with heavy transaction use cases like retail and manufacturing. Table 1 shows the blockchain
implementation impact on supply chains.

Table 1. Blockchain Implementation Impact on Supply Chains

Impact
Aspect Improvement (%)
Level

Scalability High 85%

Energy Efficiency Significant 70% reduction in energy consumption

Privacy and Security High 90% data encryption efficiency

Integration with Legacy

Medium 65% successful integration rate
Systems

80% reduction in fraudulent

Fraud Prevention High
transactions

Traceability Very High 95% accuracy in product tracking

Regulatory Compliance Moderate 60% alignment with current regulations

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This regulatory framework proposed in this research also aids in the removement of one of the key barriers to
blockchain adoption. The framework bridges the gap between blockchain solutions and legal and compliance
standards by showing how companies can effectively implement blockchain in their supply chains while
complying with applicable frameworks. This clarity alleviates uncertainty that shrouds blockchain technology,
thereby promoting its adoption by addressing reservations regarding legal liability, data privacy and cross-border
regulatory compliance.

Figure 3. Traditional vs. Blockchain Supply Chain Efficiency

Figure 3 shows the traditional vs. blockchain supply chain efficiency. The research findings highlight the
transformative potential of blockchain technology to improve supply chain operations. Designed a Hybrid
Blockchain: The hybrid blockchain proposed in this work presents a viable approach that can not only cover the
fundamental issues faced in the current systems such as scalability, data privacy and integrating the current
blockchain with other existing systems but also be beneficial in terms of security and energy consumption. These
case studies and performance evaluations show that the application of blockchain in actual supply chains lead to
significant improvements in Transparency, Traceability, and Efficiency. This research adds to the literature on
how to facilitate the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chains, while also serving as a roadmap for future
research in this area, by providing a clear regulatory framework and solutions for integrating blockchain into
current supply chain management structures. The results further emphasize the importance of ongoing blockchain
technology evolution to effectively tackle emerging difficulties and secure its sustained success in supply chain
usage. Table 2 shows the performance evaluation of blockchain in supply chains.

Table 2. Performance Evaluation of Blockchain in Supply Chains

Performance
Evaluation Results Impact
Metric

High-speed processing with

Improves efficiency in supply
Transaction Speed minimal latency in hybrid
chain operations.
blockchain models.

Strong resistance to Ensures secure transactions

System Security cyberattacks and data and protects sensitive supply
breaches. chain data.

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Consistent data accuracy and Maintains trust and credibility

Data Integrity
immutability in records. across stakeholders.

Seamless integration into Encourages adoption across

Integration Success
existing supply chain systems industries with minimal
Rate
with standardized APIs. disruption.

Energy Reduced power consumption Enhances blockchain's

Consumption by adopting Proof of Stake sustainability for long-term
Reduction consensus. implementation.

Scalability in High Proves blockchain’s capability

Sustained performance even
Volume to handle large-scale supply
under high transaction loads.
Transactions chain demands.

5 Conclusion

This research demonstrates the revolutionary capability of blockchain in enhancing transparency, efficiency, and
provenance in a global supply chain. This work presents an overarching solution that optimizes blockchain
technology for supply chain management by addressing some of the core challenges such as scalability, integration
with legacy systems, energy consumption, data privacy and regulatory issues. In order to resolve these concerns,
a hybrid blockchain model, which contains a consortium of both private and public blockchains, in addition with
consensus mechanisms which use less energy such as Proof of Stake have been found to provide significantly
better scalability and sustainability and therefore makes the employment of blockchain technology a more
reasonable prospect for large-scale supply chains. In addition, zero-knowledge proofs and other privacy-preserving
technologies ensure that sensitive transactions can remain confidential while benefiting from the transparency and
tamper-resistance of blockchain. With this and creating standardised protocols and APIs for supply chain systems,
businesses of any size can explore this new technology, reducing the technical and financial barriers to entry. With
regards to the two, with real-world case studies and performance evaluations, a few industries have used
blockchain to supplant critical difficulties like extortion evasion, item traceability, and restricted stock
administration, opening up an entirely different universe of alternatives for ventures that have high duties regarding
trust, quality, and security. The findings also address one of the largest barriers to adoption in complex global
supply chains with differing legal contexts around the world; providing assurance that blockchain applications can
be made presentable to regulatory environments

In conclusion, the results describe that to solve the above challenges in supply chain management, blockchain is
recognized as a new one, secure, efficient, and transparent alternative solution. There has not been any such study
in the respective field, hence the contribution of our study is high, so is the approach for the solutions because it
exhibits from diverse perspectives about the reasons and the and manner in which blockchain is not being gotten
easily, which can ultimately create a stronger development plan for the platforms, such as one in which blockchain
is not only to be initiated but rather also to work at a leisurely pace over it. As blockchain technology continues to
evolve in coming years, further will be required to optimize these solutions and face new challenges to ensure the
long-term viability and sustainability of blockchain in supply chain applications.

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