Scribd
Upload
3 views6 pages

Experiment 13

The experiment compares thermometric and volumetric titration methods to determine the concentration of sulphuric acid. Thermometric titration estimated the concentration at 2.27 mol/dm³, while volumetric titration yielded a more accurate result of 1.91 mol/dm³, closer to the actual concentration of 2.00 mol/dm³. The study concludes that volumetric titration is more precise due to clearer endpoint identification and reduced influence from external factors.

Uploaded by

mcfarlanejoash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views6 pages

Experiment 13

The experiment compares thermometric and volumetric titration methods to determine the concentration of sulphuric acid. Thermometric titration estimated the concentration at 2.27 mol/dm³, while volumetric titration yielded a more accurate result of 1.91 mol/dm³, closer to the actual concentration of 2.00 mol/dm³. The study concludes that volumetric titration is more precise due to clearer endpoint identification and reduced influence from external factors.

Uploaded by

mcfarlanejoash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Experiment 13: Thermometric VS Volumetric Titration

Background: In this experiment you will be comparing two methods used to


determine the concentration of a solution. The first method uses changes in
the temperature of the neutralization reaction to determine the end point of
the reaction (thermometric titration), while the other method uses a
chemical indicator solution (volumetric titration). The primary aim of this lab
is to ascertain which of the two methods is most accurate in determining the
concentration of a solution.

Aim: To determine the molar concentration of a solution of sulphuric acid


using temperature changes and by titrating it with a 2 mol/dm³ solution of
NaOH.

Apparatus and materials: Burette, 25cm³ pipette, polystyrene cup,


beakers, retort stand, clamp, burette, conical flask, white tile, sulphuric acid,
2 mol dm³ sodium hydroxide solution, thermometer, phenolphthalein
indicator

Method 1 - Thermometric titration

1. The burette was rinsed with sulphuric acid and filled to the zero mark.
The initial volume was recorded and exacted to 2 d.p.

2. The pipette was rinsed with some sodium hydroxide solution, then
25cm³ of sodium hydroxide solution was transferred into the
polystyrene cup/insulated container.

3. The solution was allowed to stand for 5 minutes then the temperature
of the solution was measured and recorded. The thermometer was not
removed after the temperature was recorded.

4. 5cm³ of acid was run from the burette into the sodium hydroxide, and
the solution was quickly stirred with the thermometer.

5. Step 4 was repeated until at least three successive drops in


temperature were recorded.
6. All results were recorded in a table.

Observations and Results

Construct a table below to show your results

Title: Table Showing Results of Thermometric Titration

Volume of acid (cm³) Temperature (℃)

0 28

5 25

10 42

15 42

20 40

25 38

30 36

35 34.5

40 34

Analysis and Calculations

1. Plot a graph: Plot a graph showing the temperature of the solution


against the volume of sulphuric acid added, using two lines of best fit
and extend these lines where necessary so that the lines intersect at a
point.

2. Explain the shape of the graph:

The graph initially showed an increase in temperature when the volume of


acid added increased. After reaching the endpoint of the reaction, the
temperature began to drop, even though acid was still being added.

3. Explain why the styrofoam cup was used

The styrofoam cup was used because it is a good insulator, which allows it to
minimize heat exchange with the surroundings.

4. Explain why the mixture is stirred before taking the


temperature

The mixture was stirred before reading and recording the temperature, in
order to ensure that both the acid and heat were evenly distributed
throughout the solution in order to get consistent temperature
measurements.

5. From the graph, determine the volume of sulphuric acid


needed to neutralize 25 cm³ of NaOH solution

Approximately 11 cm³ of sulphuric acid is needed to neutralize 25 cm³ of


sodium hydroxide.

6. Calculate the number of moles on NaOh in the 25cm³ of


solution

0.025dm³ X 2mol/dm³ = 0.05 moles

7. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between


sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide.

H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

8. Using the mole ratio, determine the number of moles of


sulfuric acid that reacted with the sodium hydroxide.

Ratio = 1:2 0.05 moles/2 = 0.025 moles of sulphuric acid

9. Determine the concentration of sulphuric acid.


0.025mol/0.011dm³ = 2.27 mol/dm³

Method 2 - Volumetric Titration

1. The burette was filled with sulphuric acid, and the initial volume on the
burette was recorded.

2. 25cm³ of sodium hydroxide was pipetted into a dry conical flask, and 2-
3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added.

3. Acid was slowly added form the burette into the conical flask while
swirling constantly until a sudden colour change was observed.

4. The final burette reading was recorded to two decimal places.

5. The titration was repeated until the volumes of sulphuric acid differed
by no more than 0.1cm³

6. All results were recorded in a table, and the volumes of sulphuric acid
within 0.1cm³ were averaged

Results

Title: TABLE SHOWING RESULTS FROM VOLUMETRIC TITRATION

Burette Reading Roug Titration


h 1

Final volume of 13.1 13.10


acid/cm³ 0

Initial volume of 0.00 0.00


acid/cm³

Final Volume of 13.1 13.10


acid/cm³ 0

Calculations
1. Average Volume of Sulphuric Acid Used: ( 13.10 + 13.10) / 2 =
13.10cm³

2. Moles of Sodium Hydroxide in 25cm³ of Solution: 0.025dm³ X


2mol/dm³ = 0.05 moles

3. Balanced Equation for the Reaction: 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ H₂O

4. Using the mole ratio determine the number of moles of acid


that reacted with the NaOh: Ratio = 1:2 0.05 / 2 = 0.025moles

5. Hence determine the molar concentration of sulphuric acid:

13.10cm³ / 1000 = 0.0131dm³ 0.024mol/0.0131dm³ = 1.91mol/dm³

Discussion: The thermometric titration estimated the molar concentration


of sulphuric acid to be 2.27 mol/dm³, while the volumetric titration produced
a result of 1.91 mol/dm³. Since the actual concentration of acid given was
2.00mol/dm³, the volumetric titration proved to be more accurate. This
greater precision can be attributed to the sharp and easily visible colour
change at the reactions endpoint, making it easier to pinpoint the exact
moment of neutralization. Thermometric titration relies on temperature
changes, but external factors such as heat loss (e.g fans being on or windows
being open during temperature readings) may affect accuracy, making it
harder to accurately determine the endpoint. The volumetric titration
method is more suitable for accurately determining the acid concentration. It
uses precise measurements and is less affected by external factors such as
heat loss. Furthermore, identifying the endpoint is clearer using this method.

Precautions:

1. Ensure that the burette and pipette are properly cleaned and dried
before use to avoid contamination.

2. Record readings to two decimal places for greater accuracy.

3. Ensure that windows are closed and fans are off to prevent unwanted
temperature changes.

Sources of Errors:

1. Inconsistent swirling during titration may lead to incomplete mixing of


reactants.
2. Overshooting the endpoint when adding acid form the burette

Assumption: All solutions used were pure and properly stored before use.

Conclusion: The molar concentration of sulphuric acid using thermometric


titration was 2.27 mol/dm³, whereas the concentration recorded using
volumetric titration was 1.91 mol/dm³, making volumetric titration the more
accurate of the two as the true concentration was 2.00 mol/dm³

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy