Review for the Final Exam - Part 1 - Solution Math 125

Name Quiz Section

The following problems should help you review for the final exam. Don’t hesitate to ask for hints if you
get stuck.

Integration Techniques
1. Evaluate the following integrals.

! π /2
(a) cos5 (x) dx
0

Let u = sin(x) and du = cos(x) dx.

! 1!
8
! π /2 ! π /2 ! "2 "2
cos4 (x) cos(x) dx = 1 − sin2 (x) cos(x) dx = 1 − u2 du =
0 0 0 15
! √
4 − 9x2
(b) dx
x
√
Let x = 23 cos(θ ). Then dx = − 23 sin(θ ) d θ and 4 − 9x2 = 2 sin(θ ).
2 sin(θ ) 2 sin2 (θ )
1 − cos2 (θ )
! ! ! !
2
· − sin(θ ) d θ = −2 d θ = −2 d θ = −2 sec(θ ) −cos(θ ) d θ
3 cos(θ )
3 cos(θ ) cos(θ )
$ 2 √4 − 9x2 $
$ $
#
2
= 2 sin(θ ) − 2 ln | sec(θ ) + tan(θ )| +C = 4 − 9x − 2 ln $ +
$ $
$ +C
$ 3x 3x $
! e
(c) x3 ln(x) dx
1

1 1
Use Integration by Parts: u = ln(x) dv = x3 dx du = dx v = x4
x 4
$e
1 4 1 e 3 1 ! 4
! e !
3
$ "
x ln(x) dx = x ln(x)$$ − x dx = 3e + 1
1 4 1 4 1 16
√
x+3
!
(d) dx
x+2
Use the Rationalizing Substitution u2 = x + 3, 2u du = dx
u 2u2 2
! ! !
2u du = du = ) du =(*)
(2 +
u2 − 1 u2 − 1 u2 − 1
2 1 −1
Use Partial Fractions: 2
= +
u −1 u−1 u+1
$ $ $√ $
1 1 $ +C = 2 x + 3 + ln $ √x + 3 − 1 $ +C
$u − 1$ √
! $ $
(*)= (2 + − ) du = 2u + ln $$
u−1 u+1 u+1 $ $ x +3 +1$
Improper Integrals
1
! ∞
2. Compute the integral √ dx. (Hint: write it as the 3
0 x (1 + x)
sum of two integrals.) 2.5

1
! 1.5

First compute √ dx:

x (x + 1) 1

0.5

Let u2 = x and 2u du = dx 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2
! !
√
Then √ dx = du = 2 tan−1 (u) +C = 2 tan−1 x +C.
x (x + 1) u2 + 1
! 1 ! 1
1 1 !π √ " π
Now, √ dx = lim √ dx = lim − 2 tan−1 a =
0 x (1 + x) a→0+ a x (1 + x) a→0+ 2 2

1 1 √
! ∞ ! b ! π" π
and √ dx = lim √ dx = lim 2 tan−1 b − =
1 x (1 + x) b→∞ 1 x (1 + x) b→∞ 2 2
! 1
1 1 1
! ∞ ! ∞
π π
so √ dx = √ dx + √ dx = + = π .
0 x (1 + x) 0 x (1 + x) 1 x (1 + x) 2 2

Volumes
3. The region to the right of the y-axis, above the x-axis, 4

and below the curve y = 4 − x2 is revolved about the y-axis.

Set up an integral that represents the volume of the resulting 3

solid
(a) by the method of slices (discs)
2

(b) by the method of cylindrical shells. 1

Then find the volume, by either method you like.

-1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2

√
(a) x = 4−y
$4
(4 − y)2 $$
! 4 ! 4
2
#
V= π ( 4 − y) dy = π (4 − y)dy = − π = 8π .
0 0 2 $0
$2
x4 $$
! 2
(b) V = 2π x(4 − x2 )dx = 2π (2x2 − )$ = 2π (8 − 4) = 8π .
0 4 0
Work
4. A cable hanging from the top of a building is 15m long and has a mass of
40kg. A 10kg weight is attached to the end of the rope. How much work is required
to pull 5m of the cable up to the top?

Let x be the distance from the top (in meters).

To lift the top 5 meters of rope: ∑ Wi where Wi = Fi di = mi gdi = ρ Δx gxi =

0≤xi ≤5
40 kg
g 38 xi Δx (here, ρ = 15 m ).

!5 8 4 2 !5 100
!
So Wtop = 0 g 3 x dx = g ( 3 x ) 0 = 3 g.

8
10 )g5 =
To lift the bottom 10 meters of rope and the weight: Wbot = Fd = mg5 = (10 · + "#$%
3
" #$ % weight
cable
550
3 g.

100 550 650 1

& '
Total work: + g= · 9.8 = 2123 Joules.
3 3 3 3

Area Between Curves

5. Find the area of the region bounded by y = x2 + 2x and y = 8

x + 3.75 between x = 0 and x = 2.

7

x2 + 2x = x + 3.75 gives x = −2.5, 1.5 so they cross at x = 1.5. 4

" 1.5 2

(x + 3.75) − (x2 + 2x) dx = 3.375 1

0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

" 2
13
(x2 + 2x) − (x + 3.75) dx = ≈ 0.54167
1.5 24
13 47
The area is 3.375 + 24 = 12 ≈ 3.9167.
Review for the Final Exam - Part 2 - Solution Math 125

The following problems should help you review for the final exam. Don’t hesitate to ask for hints
if you get stuck.

Arclength and Approximation

1. Write an integral that computes the arclength of the curve y = ex/2 between x = 0 and x = 2.
Use Simpson’s Rule with n = 4 subintervals to estimate the value of the integral.

"
! 2
1 2 1 1
y ′ = ex/2 and (y ′ ) = ex so the integral is 1 + ex dx.
2 4 0 4
"
1 1 3
Do Simpson’s Rule with ∆x = 1/2, f (x) = 1 + ex and x0 = 0, x1 = , x2 = 1, x3 = , x4 = 2:
4 2 2
" # $ % $ % &
! 2 1 1/2 1 3
1 + ex dx ≈ f (0) + 4f + 2f (1) + 4f + f (2) ≈ 2.66258
0 4 3 2 2

The actual answer is about 2.66254.

Center of Mass 2
2. Find the center of mass of a plate with constant density
that occupies the region − 41 π ≤ x ≤ 0, 0 ≤ y ≤ sec2 x. 1.5

! 0
'0
'
The area is sec2 (x) dx = tan(x) '' = 1.
−π/4 −π/4

! 0
-0.8 -0.4
So x̄ = My = x sec2 (x) dx.
−π/4

Use Integration by Parts: u = x dv = sec2 (x) dx du = dx v = tan(x)

( )
'0
'
! 0 π '0
'
π √
x̄ = x tan(x) '' − tan(x) dx = − − ln (sec(x)) '' = − + ln 2 ≈ −0.4388
−π/4 −π/4 4 −π/4 4
! !
0 1 1 0 * +
ȳ = sec4 (x) dx = 1 + tan2 (x) sec2 (x) dx.
−π/4 2 2 −π/4

1 '0
! '
1 0 1 2
Let u = tan(x) so du = sec2 (x) dx. Then ȳ = 1 + u2 du = u + u3 '' = .
2 −1 2 6 −1 3

The center of mass is at about (−0.4388, 0.6667).

Net and Total Distance

3. You throw a ball straight up into the air with velocity 40 ft/sec and catch it (at the same
height) when it comes back down. What is the total distance traveled by the ball?

Choose coordinates so that the ball travels along the y-axis and so that its initial height y 0 = 0.
The acceleration of the ball, due to gravity, is a(t) = −32 ft/sec 2 .
! !
The velocity is v(t) = a(t) dt = −32 dt = −32 t + C where 40 = v(0) = C.

5
The ball reaches the top of its flight when 0 = v(t) = −32 t + 40, or t = 4
seconds.
! 5/4
The distance the ball travels going up is −32 t + 40 dt = 25.
0

The total distance is 2 · 25 = 50 feet.

Differential Equations
! t
4. Let f (t) be a continuous function and let a be a constant. Show that y = e−at eas f (s) ds
0
dy
satisfies the differential equation + ay = f (t).
dt

Use the Product Rule and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to compute
! !
dy t t
= −a e−at · eas f (s) ds + e−at · eat f (t) = −a e−at eas f (s) ds + f (t).
dt 0 0

" ! t # " ! t #
dy
Then + ay = −a e−at eas f (s) ds + f (t) + a e−at eas f (s) ds = f (t).
dt 0 0

5. An electric circuit with resistance 10 ohms and inductance 2 henrys is powered by a 12-volt
battery. The current I (in amperes) at time t (in seconds) in such a circuit satisfies the differential
equation
dI
2 + 10 I = 12.
dt
Suppose that I = 0 when the circuit is activated at time t = 0.
(a) Find the current I at all times t > 0.

! !
dI dI dI 1
= 6−5I = dt = dt − ln |6 − 5 I| = t + C
dt 6− 5I 6−5I 5
6$ %
So 6 − 5 I = A e−5 t where A = ±e−5 C . Plug in t = I = 0 to get 6 = A and I = 1 − e−5 t .
5

(b) Find the limiting value of I as t → ∞.

6$ % 6
lim 1 − e−5 t = = 1.2 amps.
t→∞ 5 5

(c) After what time is the current within 0.1 ampere of its limiting value?

6
Solve 1.1 = I(t) = 5
(1 − e−5 t ) to get t = 51 ln(12) ≈ 0.49698 seconds.