GOVERNANCE

Broadly, the various ways in which social

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
life
THE HARSH REALITY: is coordinated, of which government is
Governments alone cannot resolve today’s merely one. (Heywood, 2002)
global problems.
SOURCES OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
POLITICAL • States
GLOBALIZATION • Treaties
• International organizations
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE • International non-governmental
organizations
“MAN, BY NATURE IS A • Transnational corporations
POLITICAL ANIMAL” • The Church
-Aristotle
THE UNITED NATIONS
POLITICS
“Politics is the activity through which
people make, preserve and amend the
general rules under which they
live.”(Heywood, 2002)

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
The sum of laws, norms, institutions that
define, constitute and
mediate trans-border relations between THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
states, culture, citizens,
intergovernmental and non-governmental
organizations and the
market-the welders and the objects of the
exercise of international
public power.

Global governance is a rules-

based order without government.
THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST cooperation and coordination among
ASIAN NATIONS countries”.
(Claudio and Abinales, 2018)

REGIONALISM
THE body of ideas, values and objectives
that contribute to the creation, maintenance
or modification of a particular region or type
of world order. It is usually associated with
a
formal policy and project and often leads to
institution building. (Soderbaum, 2012)
Ex. EU, ASEAN

GLOBALIZATION, WHY DO COUNTRIES FORM

REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS?
REGIONALIZATION AND • Military defense. i.e. NATO
THE ASEAN • To pool their resources, get better returns
for their exports, as well as expand their
Basic Features of “Region” leverage
Regions are a group of countries located in against trading partners. i.e. OPEC
the same geographically specified area or • To protect their independence from the
are an amalgamation of two regions or a pressures of superpower politics. i.e. Non-
combination of more than two regions Aligned Movement (NAM)
organized to regulate and oversee flows • To insulate themselves from the ill-effects
and policy choices. (Claudio and Abinales, of economic crisis. (Claudio and Abinales,
2018) 2018)

The words “regionalization” and NON-STATE REGIONALISM

“regionalism” should not be interchanged. The “new regionalisms”
• Tiny associations that include no more
Regionalization refers to the “regional than a few actors and focus on a single
concentration of economic flows”. issue, or
(Claudio and Abinales, 2018) • Huge continental unions that address a
multitude of common problems from
Regionalism is “a political process territorial defense to food security. (Claudio
characterized by economic policy and Abinales, 2018)
 THE UNITED NATIONS
Contemporary Challenges to
Regionalization MEETS 21st CENTURY:
• Resurgence of militant nationalism CONFRONTING THE
• Populism
• Continuing financial crises
CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL
• Disagreements over to what extent GOVERNANCE
should a country would sacrifice their
The Main Gaps thr UN has Met in the 21st
sovereignty for the sake of regional stability
Century
• Differing visions of what regionalism
1. Knowledge
should
2. Norms
be for. (Claudio and Abinales, 2018)
3. Policy
4. Institutions and
The ASEAN
5. Compliance
Association of
Southeast
Four Essential Roles of the UN
Asian
1. Managing knowledge
NATIONS
2. Developing norms
A geopolitical and economic organization of
3. Promulgating recommendations
ten Southeast Asian countries.
4. Institutionalizing ideas

Managing Knowledge
1. Recognizing the existence of a problem
2. Collect solid data about the nature of
the problem
3. Understand its causes to understand
the problem

Developing Norms
The UN helps to solidify a new norm of
behavior often through summit
conferences and international panels and
commissions.

Norms are essential to the functioning and

existence of society; therefore, social
interaction is viewed through normative
lenses from bilateral relations to GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
relations among national leaders. Who is a global citizen?
• He who recognizes that there is a “bigger
Formulating Recommendations world”
The next step: formulation of a range of out there
possibilities (policies) about how • Understands how the world works in its
governments and their citizens and IGO’s different
can challenge behavior. aspects-political, economic, social,
religious,
Institutionalizing Ideas cultural, social, environmental, etc.
Institutions can facilitate problem • Respect and value diversity
solving even though they do not • Participate and contribute to the local and
possess any coercive power. global
community on various levels and ways
The UN’s Role in Global Governance: • Willing to act to make the world a more
-​ Identifying and diagnosing problems sustainable place
-​ Developing norms (principled ideas) • Outraged by social injustice and other
-​ Formulating recommendations forms of
(operational ideas) inequality
• Take responsitbility for their actions
The United Nations-the arena for state
decision-making, the professional
secretariats and civil society –have filled GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AND HUMAN
these ideational functions for RIGHTS
five types of gaps: knowledge, norms, WHAT IS A RIGHT?
policies, institutions and compliance. Right means what is just.
A right is what is owed.
A right is a moral power in a person to do,
to possess, or to demand something.
It is the object of the virtue of justice.

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP Right is founded on law.

WHO IS A GLOBAL CITIZEN? Natural right rests on the natural law.

DO YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF A GLOBAL
CITIZEN?
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AND themselves and among the peoples of
ACCOUNTABILTY territories under their jurisdiction.
ACCOUNTABILTY AS A VIRTUE OF A (from the last part of the Preamble of the
GLOBAL CITIZEN Declaration)

Ac·count·a·ble No one shall be subjected to arbitrary

adjective interference with this
(of a person, organization, or institution) privacy, family, home or correspondence,
required or expected to justify actions or nor to attacks upon his
decisions; responsible: parents could be honor and reputation. Everyone has the
held accountable for their children's actions right to the protection of
| government must be accountable to its the law against such interference or
citizens. attacks. (Art. 12)

THE CAROLINIAN AS A GLOBAL CITIZEN Everyone has the right to freedom of

Scientia thought, conscience and religion; this
Virtus right includes freedom to change his
Devotio religion or belief, and freedom, either
Witness to the Word alone or in community with others and in
public or private, to manifest his
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF religion or belief in teaching, practice,
HUMAN RIGHTS worship and observance. (Art. 18)

Now, therefore, Everyone has the right to freedom of

The General Assembly, opinion and expression; this right
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of includes freedom to hold opinions without
Human Rights as a common standard of interference and to seek, receive
achievement for all peoples and all nations, and impart information and ideas through
to the end that every individual and any media and regardless of
every organ of society, keeping this frontiers. (Art. 19)
Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive
by teaching and education to promote Everyone has the right to life, liberty and
respect for these rights and freedoms and the security of person. (Art. 3)
by progressive measures, national and
international, to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance, both
among the peoples of Member States
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the obligations and of any criminal charge
government of his country, against him. (Art. 10)
directly or through freely chosen
representatives. 1. Everyone charged with a penal offense
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to has the right to be presumed
public service in his country. innocent until proved guilty according to
3. The will of the people shall be the basis law in a public trial at which he
of the authority of government; has had all the guarantees necessary for
this will shall be expressed in periodic and his defense.
genuine elections which shall 2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal
be by universal and equal suffrage and offense on account of any act or
shall be held by secret vote or by omission which did not constitute a penal
equivalent free voting procedures. (Art. 21) offense, under national or
international law, at the time when it was
All are equal before the law and are committed. Nor shall a heavier
entitled without any discrimination to penalty be imposed than the one that was
equal protection of the law. All are entitled applicable at the time the penal
to equal protection against any offence was committed. (Art. 11)
discrimination in violation of this
Declaration and against any incitement to 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of
such discrimination. (Art. 7) peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one may be compelled to belong to
Everyone has the right to an effective an association. (Art. 20)
remedy by the competent national
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental 1. Everyone has duties to the community in
rights granted him by the which alone the free and full
constitution or by law. (Art. 8) development of his personality is possible.
2. In the exercise of his rights and
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary freedoms, everyone shall be subject only
arrest, detention or exile. (Art. 9) to such limitations as are determined by
law solely for the purpose of
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights securing due recognition and respect for
the rights and freedoms of others
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and of meeting the just requirements of
and public hearing by an morality, public order and the
independent and impartial tribunal, in the general welfare in a democratic society.
determination of his rights and
3. These rights and freedoms may in no
case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United
Nations. (Art. 29)