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The document discusses various transmission media used in data communication, including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optics, as well as wireless methods such as radio, microwave, and infrared transmission. Each medium has distinct characteristics affecting data rate, bandwidth, and susceptibility to interference. Additionally, it covers different transmission topologies, emphasizing point-to-point and broadcast configurations in local area networks.

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5 views4 pages

Comp 6.2 Student

The document discusses various transmission media used in data communication, including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optics, as well as wireless methods such as radio, microwave, and infrared transmission. Each medium has distinct characteristics affecting data rate, bandwidth, and susceptibility to interference. Additionally, it covers different transmission topologies, emphasizing point-to-point and broadcast configurations in local area networks.

Uploaded by

senuuu72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Competency 6.

2: Explores signal transmission media

Transmission Medium

In a data transmission system, the transmission medium is the physical path between
transmitter and receiver. The characteristics and quality of a data transmission are
determined both by the characteristics of the medium and the characteristics of the signal.

Guided transmission media


For guided transmission media, the transmission capacity, in terms of either data rate or
bandwidth, depends critically on the distance and on whether the medium is point-to-point
or multipoint. There are three types of guided transmission media.

Twisted pair

Unshielded twisted pair:


This is the least expensive of all the transmission
media commonly used for local area networks and
is easy to work with and easy to install. Unshielded
twisted pair is subject to external electromagnetic
interference, including interference from nearby
twisted pair and from noise generated in the
environment.

Shielded twisted pair:


A way to improve the characteristics of this medium is to shield the twisted pair with a
metallic braid or sheathing that reduces
interference. This shielded twisted pair (STP)
provides better performance at higher data rates.
However, it is more expensive and more difficult to
work with than unshielded twisted pair.

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Coaxial cable
Coaxial cable, like twisted pair, consists of two conductors, but is constructed differently to
permit it to operate over a wider range of frequencies. Because of its shielded, concentric
construction helps reduce electromagnetic interference and allows for high-frequency signal
transmission, making coaxial cables widely used for cable television, internet connections,
and radio frequency applications. Their sturdy design ensures minimal signal loss and
maintains signal integrity over long distances.

Applications

Fibre optics
Fiber optics is a technology that uses thin strands of glass or plastic (optical fibers) to
transmit data as pulses of light, providing high-speed, high-
capacity communication over long distances with minimal
signal loss. It is widely used in
1. Telecommunications
2. internet infrastructure
3. medical imaging
4. industrial applications
due to its efficiency, immunity to electromagnetic
interference, and ability to support high bandwidths. The
technology relies on principles of total internal reflection to
keep the light confined within the core of the fiber, enabling
fast and reliable data transmission across networks.

Features of Fibre optics

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Wireless transmission

Radio Transmission
Radio wave transmission involves the use of electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency
spectrum to carry signals over distances for communication purposes, such as broadcasting,
mobile phones, and satellite communication.

These waves travel through the atmosphere and can be received by antennas tuned to the
same frequency, allowing for wireless communication without physical cables. Radio wave
transmission is essential for various applications due to its ability to cover large areas,
penetrate obstacles, and support mobility.

Example: wi-fi, Bluetooth

Microwave Transmission
Microwave transmission is a method of wireless communication that uses high-frequency
radio waves, typically in the range of 1 GHz to 300 GHz, to transmit data, voice, or video
signals over long distances.

Microwave signals require a clear line of sight between transmitting and receiving
antennas, making precise alignment essential, and are often affected by environmental
factors like weather conditions. This technology is integral to modern communication
infrastructure, enabling point-to-point links, satellite broadcasting, and mobile phone
networks.

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Infrared Transmission

Infrared transmission is a wireless communication method that uses infrared light waves to
transmit data over short distances, commonly found in remote controls, wireless keyboards,
and certain data transfer devices.

It operates by emitting infrared signals from a transmitter, which are received by a


compatible receiver, often requiring a direct line of sight for effective communication.

Advantages

Disadvantages

Transmission topologies

Point-to-point

Broadcast

This topology is commonly used in local area networks (LANs),


such as Ethernet, where a single broadcast message is
propagated to all connected devices, facilitating efficient
communication for tasks like address resolution and network
management.

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