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16 Activity 3.5 Applied Statistics

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9 views3 pages

16 Activity 3.5 Applied Statistics

Uploaded by

stefanakosx2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Activity 3.

5 Applied Statistics
Introduction
Today’s consumers are constantly trying to judge the quality of products. But what is quality? How and by whom is
quality determined? Some would say the designer creates specifications, which in turn dictate the quality of a product.
That quality is also based on the acceptable value of a part within a whole product. Statistics are commonly used in
manufacturing processes to control and maintain quality. This activity will allow you to apply statistics in order to analyze
and determine the quality of a set of wooded cubes.

In this activity you will collect data and then perform statistical analyses to determine measures of central tendency and
variation of the data. You will also represent the data using a histogram.

Equipment
• Engineering Notebook
• Pencil / Pen

Procedure
1. Part of the manufacturing quality control testing for a toy is to measure the depth of a connector piece that must fit
into another part. The designed depth is 4.1 cm. Every tenth part produced on the production line is measured. The
following data was collected during a two minute production period.

4.1, 4.1, 4.0, 4.1, 3.9, 4.4, 3.9, 4.3, 4.0, 4.2, 4.0, 3.8

a. Calculate each of the following measures of central tendency. Show your work.

Mean (µ): _____________ Median (𝑥): ____________ Mode: _____________

Range: _____________

HINT: To solve the mean (µ) for the values shown above, take the sum of those values (add them all together)
and divide that sum by the number of values (12).

HINT: The median (𝒙) is the value that occurs in the middle of a set of data that has been arranged in
numerical order. Put the values above in numerical order. In the number of values are odd, the median will be
the number in the middle of that set of numbers. If the number of values are even, the median will be the two
(2) numbers in the middle, added together, divided by two (2).

HINT: The most frequently occurring value in a set of data is the mode. Once your values have been put in
numerical order, take note of the value that is repeated the most. That will be your mode. If two (2) values are
repeated an equal number of times, you have a bimodal data set. Both of those repeated numbers are your
mode.

HINT: The range is the difference between the largest and smallest values that occur in a set of data.

IED - Activity 3.5 Applied Statistics - Page 1


b. Calculate each of the following measures of variation for the data set. Show your work. A table has been provided
to help you calculate the standard deviations. In the table round values in the last two columns to four decimal
places. Report the standard deviation statistics to four decimal places.

HINT: In the first column, the values you placed in order to solve for the median (𝒙), get placed in each row of
the chart (3.8 through 4.4). Even if a number is duplicated, it will get put into the chart however many times it
appears in the list of numbers.

HINT: In the second column, subtract the mean (µ) from each value listed in the first column. For example,
column one should have 3.8. Subtract the mean (µ) from 3.8. You should get a negative number. For about
half of them, you should get a negative number.

HINT: In the third column, square the value your calculated in the second column. Once you have calculated
each one, add up all the values from the 3rd column and place that value in the SUM box.

𝒙 𝒙-µ (𝒙 - µ)2

SUM

Standard Deviation of this Data: _____________

(xi -μ)2 0.3265


ANSWER: σ =√ =√ = √0.0272 = 0.1650 ≈ 0.17 cm
n 12

IED - Activity 3.5 Applied Statistics - Page 2


c. Create a histogram for the data using the grid below. The horizontal axis should display each length measurement
from the minimum to maximum recorded lengths. You may choose to begin with a dot plot and then fill in the
bars. Be sure to label your axes.

ANSWER: Copy the histogram below.

d. What class interval is appropriate for the measurement values reported as 4.1 cm?

Conclusion Questions
1. How can statistics of a product’s dimensions be used to assess the quality of the product?

2. In which phase(s) of a design process might statistics be most useful? Why?

IED - Activity 3.5 Applied Statistics - Page 3

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