Fluid Mechanics Tutorial, BME II/II,080

TUTORIAL SEVEN: FLOW MEASUREMENT

1. A pipe of diameter 100mm has a nozzle attached to it of diameter 50mm. The rate of
discharge through nozzle is 20LPS and pressure at the base of nozzle is 5.886N/cm2.
Determine the co efficient of discharge for nozzle.
2. An orifice has an area of 650m2 and the jet falls a distance y of 0.5m in a horizontal
distance x of 1.5m from vena contracta. Calculate the values of the co efficient of
velocity, discharge and contraction. Given that the volume flow rate is 0.117m3/s and the
head from center of orifice is 1.2m.
3. A nozzle is 100mm diameter at inlet and 20mm at outlet. The co-efficient of velocity is
0.97 and there is no contraction of jet. The jet discharges into the atm. The static pressure
at inlet is 300kPa gauge. Find the velocity at exit, flow rate, pressure difference and force
on nozzle. (23.8m/s, 7.5LPS, 17.3kPa, 2.18kN)
4. Water flows at a mass flow rate of 0.8kg/s through a pipe of diameter 30mm fitted with a
15mm diameter sharp edged orifice. Three pressure head readings are Pa= 60mm
upstream, Pb= 15mm downstream and Pc= 150mm downstream. Assuming a contraction
co-efficient of 0.68, Calculate Pa-Pb, Pb-Pc, Cd and net force on the orifice plate.
(21.6kPa, -6.4kPa, 0.67,10.8N)
5. A 20cm x 10cm venturimeter is inserted in a vertical pipe carrying oil of sp. Gr. 0.8, the
flows of oil is in upward direction. The difference of levels between the throat and inlet
section is 50cm. The oil mercury differential manometer gives a reading of 30cm of
mercury. Find the discharge of oil. (78.7 LPS)
6. A 30cm x 15cm venturimeter with Cd=0.98 is inserted in a vertical pipe carrying oil of
sp. Gr. 0.9, the flows of oil is in upward direction. The difference of levels between the
throat and inlet section is 30cm. The oil mercury differential manometer gives a reading
of 35cm of mercury. Find the discharge of oil and pressure difference (78.7 LPS)
7. A sub marine moves horizontally in sea and has its axis 20m below the surface of water.
A pitot-static tube placed in front of sub-marine and along its axis, is connected to the
two limbs of a U- tube containing Hg. The difference in mercury level is found to be
20cm. find the speed of sub-marine. Sp. Gr of sea water is 1.026. (25km/hr)
8. A pitot tube records a reading of 7.85kPa as the stagnation pressure, when it is held at the
center of diameter 250 mm conveying water. The static pressure in the pipe is 40mm of
Hg vaccum. Calculate the discharge in the pipe assuming that the mean velocity of flow
is 0.8 times the velocity at the center. Take Cd = 0.98 (197 LPS)
9. A pitot tube is mounted on an airplane to indicate the relative speed of the plane. What
differential pressure intensity will the instrument register when the plane is travelling at a
speed of 200 km/hr in a wind blowing at 60 km/hr against the direction of motion of the
plane. (Density of air is 1.214 kg/m3)
10. A pipe conveying 0.05m3/s suddenly contracts from 200mm to 150mm in diameter.
Assuming that, vena-contracta forms inside the smaller part of the pipe. Find the co-

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efficient of contraction if the pressure head at a point upstream of the contraction is 0.5m
greater than at a point just downstream of the vena-contracta. (0.577)
11. Water flows over a rectangular weir 1m wide at a depth of 150mm and afterwards passes
through a triangular right angled weir. Take Cd for rectangular and triangular weir as
0.62 and 0.59. Find the depth over the triangular weir. (3.35m)
12. Find the depth and top width of a rectangular notch to discharge a maximum quantity of
0.6m3/s and such that the head shall be 65mm when the discharge is 0.004m3/s. Take
Cd= 0.62. (2.437m)
13. A sharp-edged rectangular notch 30cm long measures discharge 20 LPS. Find the
percentage error in computing the discharge that would be introduced by an error of 1mm
in observing the head over notch. Take Cd=0.623. (1.37%)
14. Water discharges at the rate of 98.2 LPS through a 120mm diameter vertical sharp edged
orifice placed under a constant head of 10m. A point, on the jet, measured from the vena-
contracta of the jet has co-ordinates 4.5m horizontal and 0.54m vertical. Find Cv, Cc and
Cd. (0.968, 0.64, 0.62)
15. A 25m long and diameter 150mm pipe is connected to a water tank horizontally at one
end and other end to pipe of length 15m and 300mm diameter in series as suddenly
enlarged condition. The height of water level in tank is 8m above the center of pipe.
Considering all losses, plot HGL and TEL.
16. Two tanks are connected with the help of two pipes in series. The lengths of pipes are
1000m and 800m whereas diameters are 400mm and 200m. The co-efficient of friction
for both pipes is 0.008. The difference of water level in the two tanks is 15m. Find the
rate of flow of water through the pipes, considering all losses. Also draw the TEL and
HGL for the system.
17. The rate of flow of water pumped into a pipe ABC, which is 200m long, is 20lps. The
pipe is laid on an upward slope of 1 in 40. The length of portion AB is 100m and its
diameter 100mm, while the length of portion BC is also 100m but diameter of 200mm
suddenly. The flow is taking place from A to C, where the pressure at A is 19.62 N/cm2
and end C is connected to a tank. Find the pressure at C and draw the hydraulic gradient
and energy line. Take f= 0.008.

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