Gauss-Seidel Method

#What
Gauss-Seidel Method: A Simple Guide
is the Gauss-Seidel
Method?
## What is the Gauss-Seidel Method?
The Gauss-Seidel method helps solve a set of linear equations by guessing the answers and
improving them step by step. It’s useful for systems with many equations that are hard to solve
directly. It works best when each equation has a large number for its main variable (called
diagonally dominant).

##
HowHow Does
Does It Work?
It Work?
Imagine you have two equations:
4x + y = 8
x + 3y = 6

The Gauss-Seidel method:

### General
General Idea:Idea
For any system of equations, solve for each variable one at a time. Use the newest values for
variables you’ve already calculated and the old values for the ones you haven’t. The idea is to
keep updating each variable using the latest information.

## Example:
Example: Solving
Solving a System
a System withwith 5 Steps
5 Steps
Let’s solve this system:
4x + y + z = 12
x + 5y + z = 15
x + y + 6z = 18

Start with a guess: x = 0, y = 0, z = 0. We’ll do 5 steps and show answers rounded to 6 decimal
places.

### Step-by-Step
Step-by-Step Equations
Equations
Rewrite each equation to solve for one variable:
x = (12 - y - z) / 4
y = (15 - x - z) / 5
z = (18 - x - y) / 6

### Doing
Doing 5 Steps
5 iterations
Step 1:
Iteration1:
x = (12 - 0 - 0) / 4 = 3.000000
y = (15 - 3.000000 - 0) / 5 = 2.400000
z = (18 - 3.000000 - 2.400000) / 6 = 2.100000
New guess: x = 3.000000, y = 2.400000, z = 2.100000

Step 2:
Iteration2:
x = (12 - 2.400000 - 2.100000) / 4 = 1.875000
y = (15 - 1.875000 - 2.100000) / 5 = 2.205000
z = (18 - 1.875000 - 2.205000) / 6 = 2.320000
New guess: x = 1.875000, y = 2.205000, z = 2.320000

Step 3:
Iteration3:
x = (12 - 2.205000 - 2.320000) / 4 = 1.868750
y = (15 - 1.868750 - 2.320000) / 5 = 2.162250
z = (18 - 1.868750 - 2.162250) / 6 = 2.328167
New guess: x = 1.868750, y = 2.162250, z = 2.328167

Step 4:
Iteration4:
x = (12 - 2.162250 - 2.328167) / 4 = 1.877396
y = (15 - 1.877396 - 2.328167) / 5 = 2.158887
z = (18 - 1.877396 - 2.158887) / 6 = 2.327286
New guess: x = 1.877396, y = 2.158887, z = 2.327286

Step 5:
Iteration5
x = (12 - 2.158887 - 2.327286) / 4 = 1.878457
y = (15 - 1.878457 - 2.327286) / 5 = 2.158851
z = (18 - 1.878457 - 2.158851) / 6 = 2.327115
New guess: x = 1.878457, y = 2.158851, z = 2.327115

steps, thethe
After 5 iterations, solution is about
solution x =x 1.878457,
is about y=
= 1.878457, y =2.158851,
2.158851,z z==2.327115.
2.327115.

## Practice Questions with Answers

### Question
Question 1 1
Solve for 5 iterations:
3x + y + z = 6
x + 4y + z = 8
x + y + 5z = 10

Equations:
x = (6 - y - z) / 3
y = (8 - x - z) / 4
z = (10 - x - y) / 5
Iteration 1:
x = (6 - 0 - 0) / 3 = 2.000000
y = (8 - 2.000000 - 0) / 4 = 1.500000
z = (10 - 2.000000 - 1.500000) / 5 = 1.300000
New guess: x = 2.000000, y = 1.500000, z = 1.300000

Iteration 2:
x = (6 - 1.500000 - 1.300000) / 3 = 1.066667
y = (8 - 1.066667 - 1.300000) / 4 = 1.408333
z = (10 - 1.066667 - 1.408333) / 5 = 1.505000
New guess: x = 1.066667, y = 1.408333, z = 1.505000

Iteration 3:
x = (6 - 1.408333 - 1.505000) / 3 = 1.028889
y = (8 - 1.028889 - 1.505000) / 4 = 1.366528
z = (10 - 1.028889 - 1.366528) / 5 = 1.520917
New guess: x = 1.028889, y = 1.366528, z = 1.520917

Iteration 4:
x = (6 - 1.366528 - 1.520917) / 3 = 1.037518
y = (8 - 1.037518 - 1.520917) / 4 = 1.360391
z = (10 - 1.037518 - 1.360391) / 5 = 1.520418
New guess: x = 1.037518, y = 1.360391, z = 1.520418

Iteration 5:
x = (6 - 1.360391 - 1.520418) / 3 = 1.039730
y = (8 - 1.039730 - 1.520418) / 4 = 1.359963
z = (10 - 1.039730 - 1.359963) / 5 = 1.520061
New guess: x = 1.039730, y = 1.359963, z = 1.520061

Answer after 5 iterations: x = 1.039730, y = 1.359963, z = 1.520061

### Question 2
Solve for 5 iterations:
5x + y + z = 10
x + 6y + z = 12
x + y + 7z = 14

Equations:
x = (10 - y - z) / 5
y = (12 - x - z) / 6
z = (14 - x - y) / 7
Iteration 1:
x = (10 - 0 - 0) / 5 = 2.000000
y = (12 - 2.000000 - 0) / 6 = 1.666667
z = (14 - 2.000000 - 1.666667) / 7 = 1.476190
New guess: x = 2.000000, y = 1.666667, z = 1.476190

Iteration 2:
x = (10 - 1.666667 - 1.476190) / 5 = 1.371429
y = (12 - 1.371429 - 1.476190) / 6 = 1.525397
z = (14 - 1.371429 - 1.525397) / 7 = 1.729025
New guess: x = 1.371429, y = 1.525397, z = 1.729025

Iteration 3:
x = (10 - 1.525397 - 1.729025) / 5 = 1.349115
y = (12 - 1.349115 - 1.729025) / 6 = 1.486977
z = (14 - 1.349115 - 1.486977) / 7 = 1.737701
New guess: x = 1.349115, y = 1.486977, z = 1.737701

Iteration 4:
x = (10 - 1.486977 - 1.737701) / 5 = 1.355064
y = (12 - 1.355064 - 1.737701) / 6 = 1.484539
z = (14 - 1.355064 - 1.484539) / 7 = 1.737200
New guess: x = 1.355064, y = 1.484539, z = 1.737200

Iteration 5:
x = (10 - 1.484539 - 1.737200) / 5 = 1.355652
y = (12 - 1.355652 - 1.737200) / 6 = 1.484525
z = (14 - 1.355652 - 1.484525) / 7 = 1.737117
New guess: x = 1.355652, y = 1.484525, z = 1.737117

Answer after 5 iterations: x = 1.355652, y = 1.484525, z = 1.737117

### Question 3
Solve for 5 iterations:
6x + y + z = 9
x + 7y + z = 11
x + y + 8z = 13

Equations:
x = (9 - y - z) / 6
y = (11 - x - z) / 7
z = (13 - x - y) / 8
Iteration 1:
x = (9 - 0 - 0) / 6 = 1.500000
y = (11 - 1.500000 - 0) / 7 = 1.357143
z = (13 - 1.500000 - 1.357143) / 8 = 1.267857
New guess: x = 1.500000, y = 1.357143, z = 1.267857

Iteration 2:
x = (9 - 1.357143 - 1.267857) / 6 = 1.062500
y = (11 - 1.062500 - 1.267857) / 7 = 1.238494
z = (13 - 1.062500 - 1.238494) / 8 = 1.462376
New guess: x = 1.062500, y = 1.238494, z = 1.462376

Iteration 3:
x = (9 - 1.238494 - 1.462376) / 6 = 1.049855
y = (11 - 1.049855 - 1.462376) / 7 = 1.213967
z = (13 - 1.049855 - 1.213967) / 8 = 1.467022
New guess: x = 1.049855, y = 1.213967, z = 1.467022

Iteration 4:
x = (9 - 1.213967 - 1.467022) / 6 = 1.053169
y = (11 - 1.053169 - 1.467022) / 7 = 1.211401
z = (13 - 1.053169 - 1.211401) / 8 = 1.466929
New guess: x = 1.053169, y = 1.211401, z = 1.466929

Iteration 5:
x = (9 - 1.211401 - 1.466929) / 6 = 1.053612
y = (11 - 1.053612 - 1.466929) / 7 = 1.211351
z = (13 - 1.053612 - 1.211351) / 8 = 1.466880
New guess: x = 1.053612, y = 1.211351, z = 1.466880

Answer after 5 iterations: x = 1.053612, y = 1.211351, z = 1.466880

### Question 4
Solve for 5 iterations:
7x + y + z = 14
x + 8y + z = 16
x + y + 9z = 18

Equations:
x = (14 - y - z) / 7
y = (16 - x - z) / 8
z = (18 - x - y) / 9
Iteration 1:
x = (14 - 0 - 0) / 7 = 2.000000
y = (16 - 2.000000 - 0) / 8 = 1.750000
z = (18 - 2.000000 - 1.750000) / 9 = 1.583333
New guess: x = 2.000000, y = 1.750000, z = 1.583333

Iteration 2:
x = (14 - 1.750000 - 1.583333) / 7 = 1.523810
y = (16 - 1.523810 - 1.583333) / 8 = 1.486607
z = (18 - 1.523810 - 1.486607) / 9 = 1.776620
New guess: x = 1.523810, y = 1.486607, z = 1.776620

Iteration 3:
x = (14 - 1.486607 - 1.776620) / 7 = 1.533825
y = (16 - 1.533825 - 1.776620) / 8 = 1.461194
z = (18 - 1.533825 - 1.461194) / 9 = 1.778331
New guess: x = 1.533825, y = 1.461194, z = 1.778331

Iteration 4:
x = (14 - 1.461194 - 1.778331) / 7 = 1.537211
y = (16 - 1.537211 - 1.778331) / 8 = 1.460557
z = (18 - 1.537211 - 1.460557) / 9 = 1.778025
New guess: x = 1.537211, y = 1.460557, z = 1.778025

Iteration 5:
x = (14 - 1.460557 - 1.778025) / 7 = 1.537345
y = (16 - 1.537345 - 1.778025) / 8 = 1.460579
z = (18 - 1.537345 - 1.460579) / 9 = 1.777997
New guess: x = 1.537345, y = 1.460579, z = 1.777997

Answer after 5 iterations: x = 1.537345, y = 1.460579, z = 1.777997

### Question 5
Solve for 5 iterations:
8x + y + z = 15
x + 9y + z = 17
x + y + 10z = 20

Equations:
x = (15 - y - z) / 8
y = (17 - x - z) / 9
z = (20 - x - y) / 10

Iteration 1:
x = (15 - 0 - 0) / 8 = 1.875000
y = (17 - 1.875000 - 0) / 9 = 1.680556
z = (20 - 1.875000 - 1.680556) / 10 = 1.644444
New guess: x = 1.875000, y = 1.680556, z = 1.644444

Iteration 2:
x = (15 - 1.680556 - 1.644444) / 8 = 1.459500
y = (17 - 1.459500 - 1.644444) / 9 = 1.543006
z = (20 - 1.459500 - 1.543006) / 10 = 1.799749
New guess: x = 1.459500, y = 1.543006, z = 1.799749

Iteration 3:
x = (15 - 1.543006 - 1.799749) / 8 = 1.457156
y = (17 - 1.457156 - 1.799749) / 9 = 1.527010
z = (20 - 1.457156 - 1.527010) / 10 = 1.801583
New guess: x = 1.457156, y = 1.527010, z = 1.801583

Iteration 4:
x = (15 - 1.527010 - 1.801583) / 8 = 1.458925
y = (17 - 1.458925 - 1.801583) / 9 = 1.526610
z = (20 - 1.458925 - 1.526610) / 10 = 1.801447
New guess: x = 1.458925, y = 1.526610, z = 1.801447

Iteration 5:
x = (15 - 1.526610 - 1.801447) / 8 = 1.458993
y = (17 - 1.458993 - 1.801447) / 9 = 1.526617
z = (20 - 1.458993 - 1.526617) / 10 = 1.801439
New guess: x = 1.458993, y = 1.526617, z = 1.801439

Answer after 5 iterations: x = 1.458993, y = 1.526617, z = 1.801439