Mathematics-I for CSE Stream / BMATS101 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

MODULE-V: Linear Algebra

Rank of a Matrix:

Find the rank of the following matrices by reducing it to echelon form:

0 1  3  1 2 1 3 5 4 0 2 1
1 0 1 1  4 2 1 3  2 1 3 4
1.  [Feb 2022, June 2018] 2.  [Dec 2017] 3.  [Dec 2017]
3 1 0 2 8 4 7 13  2 3 4 7
     
1 1 2 0  8 4  3  1 2 3 1 4

2  1 3 4
0 3 4 1 2 3 4  1 2 0  1
1
4.  [June 2016] 5. 5 6 7 8  [Dec 2015] 6.  3 4 1 2  [Dec 2013]
2 3 7 5
  8 7 0 5  2 3 2 5 
2 5 11 6

1 2 3 0 3 4 1 2  2 1 3 1
2 4 3 2  1 7 3 1  1 2 3 1
7.  [Jan 2021] 8.  [Aug 2021] 9.   [Aug 2020]
3 2 1 3 5 2 5 4 1 0 1 1 
     
6 8 7 5 9 3 7 7  0 1 1 1

1 2 2 3 
1 2 3 2  2 5  4 6 
10. 2 3 5 1 [Dec 2019, June 2014] 11.  [June 2019, Dec 2019, 2018, 2012]
  1  3 2  2
1 3 4 5  
2 4 1 6 

1 2 4 3 2 3  1  1 
2 4 6 8  1  1  2  4 
12.  [Dec 2018, June 2011] 13.   [June 2016, Dec 2016]
4 8 12 16 3 1 3  2
   
1 2 3 4 6 3 0  7

91 92 93 94 95
 2  1  3  1 92
1 93 94 95 96
 2 3  1 
14. [Dec 2017, 2015, June 2015] 15. 93 94 95 96 97  [Dec 2010]
1 0 1 1  
  94 95 96 97 98
0 1  1  1
95 96 97 98 99

 1 2 3 2   21 22 23 24 
 2 5 1 2   22 23 24 25 
16.   [Aug 2022] 17.  [Aug 2022]
 3 8 5 2   23 24 25 26 
   
 5 12 1 6   24 25 26 27 
Mathematics-I for CSE Stream / BMATS101 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Consistency of a System of Linear Equations:

1. For what values of  and  following simultaneous equations have i) no solution ii) a unique solution
iii) an infinite number of solutions? 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 +  𝑧 = 
[Aug 2022, Feb 2022, Aug 2021, Jan 2021, June 2019, 2016, 2014, Dec 2012, 2010]
2. Investigate the value of  and  so that the equations 2x + 3y + 5z = 9; 7x + 3y - 2z = 8; 2x + y + z = 
have i) no solution ii) a unique solution iii) an infinite number of solutions? [June 2011]

3. Find the value of  and  such that the system x  2 y  3z  6; x  3 y  5z  9; 2 x  5 y  z   have

i) no solution ii) a unique solution iii) an infinite number of solutions? [Jan 2019, Dec 2018]
4. Show that the following system is consistent and solve: x  y  z  4; 2 x  y  z  1; x  2 y  2 z  2
[June 2018, Dec 2013]
5. Test for consistency and solve: 5x + 3y + 7z = 4 ; 3x + 26y + 2z = 9; 7x + 2y +10z = 5 [Dec 2017, 2015]
6. Test for consistency and solve: 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 8 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −1 , 15𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 21
7. Test for consistency and solve: 5𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 20 ,2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 18 , 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 14 [Aug 2020]
8. Test for consistency and solve: x  2 y  2 z  5; 2 x  y  3z  6; 3x  y  2 z  4; and x  y  z  1 [June 2015]

Gauss-Elimination Method:

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss Elimination method:

1. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5, 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 2 [June 2017]
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3 [Aug 2021, Dec 2017, 2012]
3. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 7, 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7, 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 23 [June 2017]
4. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 12, 4𝑥 + 11𝑦 − 𝑧 = 33, 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 20 [Feb 2022, Dec 2016, 2015]
5. 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 4, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 6 [June 2016]
6. 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 12, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 11, 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2 [Dec 2014]
7. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1 , −3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 0 , 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 0 [June 2014]
8. 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 52 , 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9 [Jan 2019, Dec 2018]
9. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2 , 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 4 , 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 5 [Dec 2019]
10. 5𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 4 , 𝑥1 + 7𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 12 , 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 6𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = −5 , 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 4𝑥4 = −6
[June 2015]
Gauss-Jordan Method:

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss Jordan method:

1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3
[Aug 2022, Jan 2021, June 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, Dec 2017, 2010]
2. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 13 [Dec 2017]
3. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 18, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 16 [Dec 2016]
4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8, −𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −4, 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 7𝑧 = 14 [Dec 2015]
5. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 25, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 [Dec 2017]
6. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 6, 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4 [Dec 2016]
7. 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 52 , 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9
[Feb 2022, Aug 2020, June 2019, Dec 2015, 2013, 2012]
8. 2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 1, 4𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥3 = 1, 2𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 9𝑥3 = 3 [Dec 2019]
9. 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 2 , 2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 − 𝑥4 = −5 , 3𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 + 4𝑥4 = 7 , 𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 − 3𝑥3 + 2𝑥4 = 5
Mathematics-I for CSE Stream / BMATS101 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Gauss-Seidel Iterative Method:

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss Seidel Method performing 3 iterations:
1. 20𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 17 , 3𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 𝑧 = −18 , 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 20𝑧 = 25
[Feb 2022, Aug 2021, June 2019, Dec 2019, 2018, 2017, Dec 2017, 2016, 2015, 2012]
2. 3𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 29𝑧 = 71, 83𝑥 + 11𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 95; 7𝑥 + 52𝑦 + 13𝑧 = 104 [Jan 2021, June 2018]
3. 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9 , 𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 𝑧 = −22 , −2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 22 [June 2017]
4. 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9 , 𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 𝑧 = −44 , −2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 22 taking (0,0,0)
As initial approximation carry out (3 iterations) [Aug 2022]
5. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 54𝑧 = 110 , 27𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 𝑧 = 85 , 6𝑥 + 15𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 72 [Dec 2015, 2014]
9 4 6
6. 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9, 𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 𝑧 = −4, 𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 6 taking (5 , 5 , 5) as first approximation. [Dec 2011]
7. 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12, 𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 12 [June 2016]
8. 12𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 31, 2𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 𝑧 = 24, 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 58 [Jan 2019, Dec 2018]
9. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12 , 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 15 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 20 [Aug 2020]
10. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12 , 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 15 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 20 taking initial approximation as (1,0,3)

Rayleigh Power Method:

Find the largest Eigen value and the corresponding Eigen vector of the following matrices using power method:

2 0 1 
1. 𝐴 = 0 2 0 . Take (1,0,0) as initial vector. Carry out six iterations.
1 0 2
[June 2019, Dec 2019, 2018, 2016, Dec 2017, 2016, 2015]
 6 2 2 
2. A   2 3  1 . Take (1, 1, 1) as initial vector. Carry out five iterations.
 2  1 3 
[Aug 2022, Aug 2021, Aug 2020, Jan 2019, Dec 2018, 2017, 2011, June 2016, 2015, 2012]
 2 1 0 
3. A   1 2  1 . Take (1, 0, 0) as initial vector. Carry out four iterations.
 0  1 2 
[Feb 2022, June 2018, 2012, Dec 2016, 2015, 2013]
1 6 1
4. A  1 2 0 . Take (1, 1, 0) as initial vector. Carry out six iterations. [June 2018, 2017]
0 0 3
 1 3  1
5. A   3 2 4  . Take (0, 0, 1) as initial vector. Carry out five iterations. [Dec 2014]
 1 4 10 
Mathematics-I for CSE Stream / BMATS101 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
5 0 1 
6. A  0  2 0 . Take (1, 0, 0) as initial vector. Carry out six iterations. [Dec 2017]
1 0 5
 4 1  1
7. A   2 3  1 . Take (1, 0, 0) as initial vector. Carry out seven iterations. [Jan 2021, Dec 2014]
 2 1 5 
25 1 2 
8. A   1 3 0  . Take (1, 0, 0) as initial vector. Carry out seven iterations. [June 2013]
 2 0  4
10 2 1 
9. A   2 10 1  . Take (1, 1, 0) as initial vector. Carry out six iterations. [June 2014]
 2 1 10

Self-study:
Gauss-Jacobi iterative Method:

1. 28𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 32, 2𝑥 + 17𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 35, 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 24

2. 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9 , 2𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −44 , −2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 22
3. 6𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 19 , 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 26 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 22
4. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1 , 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 11 , 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 21
5. 23𝑥 + 13𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 29 , 5𝑥 + 23𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 37 , 11𝑥 + 𝑦 + 23𝑧 = 43

Cayley-Hamilton Method:

1. By using Cayley-Hamilton theorem, find the inverse of the following matrices:

1 0 2  2 1 1  1 0 2
(i) A   0 2 1  (ii) A   1 2 1 (iii) A   0 2 1 
   
 2 0 3   1 1 2   2 0 2 

*************************************