gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb

wdwR· & AvB.wm.wU wUDUwiqvj †nvg

‡gvt AvwZKzi ingvb|
we.Gmwm Abvm©, Gg.Gmwm (c`v_©weÁvb)
gvóvi‡UªBbvi-evsjv‡`k Kw¤úDUvi KvDwÝj I
cÖfvlK- nvcvwbqv †K.Gg dvwRj gv`ªvmv|
mvcvnvi,bIMuv| 01716-960615
Email:atik_naogaon@yahoo.com
Aóg Aa¨vq
wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœvËi ¸‡jv fv‡jv fv‡e gyL¯Í ivL‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv Ávb I Abyaveb gyjK cÖ‡kœi DËi `v‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
µ.
cÖkœ DËi
bs
Av‡jv n‡”Q GK cÖKvi kw³ ev evwn¨K KviY hv Avgv‡`i †`L‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
01 Av‡jv wK ?
ev `k©‡bi Abyf~wZ m„wó K‡i|
Avgiv hLb Kv‡bv e¯‘ †`wL, ZLb e¯‘ †_‡K Av‡jv Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L Av‡m|
†Pv‡L cÖweó Av‡jv †Pv‡Li †iwUbvq e¯‘wUi cÖwZwe¤^ m„wó K‡i Ges RwUj
02 Avgiv †PvL w`‡q wKfv‡e †`wL ?
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i gw¯Í‡®‹ e¯‘wUi Abyiƒc GKwU e¯‘i Abyf~wZ m„wó
K‡i|d‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB|
U‡jwg mn Ab¨vb¨ cÖvPxb weÁvbxiv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h †Kv‡bv e¯‘ †`Lvi Rb¨
†Kvb e¯‘‡K †`Lvi †ÿ‡Î †PvL wb‡R Av‡jvK iwk¥ cvVvq| wKš‘ ciewZ©‡Z Avj nv‡Rb GB g‡Zi
03
weÁvbx‡`i avibv wK ? we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges e‡jb †h e¯‘ †_‡K Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L Av‡jv Av‡m e‡jB
Avgiv e¯‘‡K †`L‡Z cvB|
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó gva¨‡g Av‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó †e‡M P‡j|
04 Av‡jvi †eM KZ ?
k~b¨¯’v‡b GB †e‡Mi gvb, 3  10 8 ms 1 |
05 Av‡jv†Kvb ai‡bi Zi½ ? Av‡jv GK ai‡bi ZvwoZ‡PŠ¤^K Zi½|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv NUbvq Av‡jv Zi‡½i b¨vq, Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv Av‡jv KYvi
06 Av‡jv wK KYv bv Zi½ ?
b¨vq AvPiY K‡i| myrivs Av‡jv ˆ`Z ˆewk‡ói AwaKvix|
‡h mKj e¯‘ wb‡R †_‡K Av‡jv wbtmiY K‡i Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq `xwßgvb e¯‘|
07 `xwßgvb e¯‘ Kv‡K e‡j ?
†hgb-m~h©,Zviv, RjšÍ †gvgevwZ, b¶Î BZ¨vw`|
†h mKj e¯‘i wb‡Ri Av‡jv ‡bB ev wb‡R Av‡jv wbtmiY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
08 `xwßnxb e¯‘ Kv‡K e‡j ? Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq `xwßnxb e¯‘| †hgb- gvbyl, MvQcvjv, †Uwej, ‡`qvj, Qwe,
PK †evW© BZ¨vw`|
Avgiv `xwßnxb e¯‘ †`L‡Z cvB Øxwßgvb e¯‘ †_‡K Avmv Av‡jv `xwßnxb e¯‘ †_‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q Avgv‡`i
09
†Kb ? †Pv‡L cÖ‡ek K‡i e‡j e¯‘wU Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB|
Av‡jvK iwk¥ hLb GK gva¨g w`‡q Pj‡Z Pj‡Z Ab¨ GK gva¨‡gi †Kv‡bv
10 Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb Kv‡K e‡j ? Z‡j AvcwZZ nq ZLb `yB gva¨‡gi we‡f`Zj n‡Z wKQz cwigvY Av‡jv Avevi
cÖ_g gva¨‡g wd‡i Av‡m| G NUbv‡K Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb e‡j|
‡h c„ô n‡Z Av‡jvK iwk¥ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q wd‡i Av‡m Zv‡K cÖwZdjK c„ô
11 cÖwZdjK c„ô Kv‡K e‡j ?
e‡j|
AvcwZZ iwk¥, cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥ Ges AvcZb we›`y‡Z cÖwZdj‡Ki Dci Aw¼Z
12 cÖwZdj‡bi 1g m~ÎwU wK ?
Awfj¤^ GKB mgZ‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i|
12 cÖwZdj‡bi 2q m~ÎwU wK ? cÖwZdjb †KvY AvcZb †Kv‡Yi mgvb nq|
Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb Kq cÖKvi I Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb `yB cÖKvi| h_v- 1. wbqwgZ ev mylg cÖwZdjb
13
wK wK ? 2. e¨vß ev AwbqwgZ cÖwZdjb
hw` GK¸”Q mgvšÍivj Av‡jvKiwk¥ †Kv‡bv gm„Y Z‡j AvcwZZ n‡q
wbqwgZ ev mylg cÖwZdjb Kv‡K
14 cÖwZdj‡bi ci mgvšÍivj iwk¥¸”Q ev Awfmvix ev Acmvix iwk¥¸‡”Q cwiYZ
e‡j ?
nq Z‡e G ai‡Yi cÖwZdjb‡K Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb e‡j|
µ.
cÖkœ DËi
bs
hw` GK¸”Q mgvšÍivj Av‡jvKiwk¥ †Kv‡bv Z‡j AvcwZZ n‡q cÖwZdj‡bi ci
e¨vß ev AwbqwgZ cÖwZdjb
15 Avi mgvšÍivj bv _v‡K ev Awfmvix ev Acmvix iwk¥¸‡”Q cwiYZ bv nq Z‡e
Kv‡K e‡j ?
G ai‡Yi cÖwZdjb‡K Av‡jvi e¨vß ev AwbqwgZ cÖwZdjb e‡j|
16 `c©Y ev Avqbv wK ? `c©Y n‡jv Ggb GKwU gm„Y Zj †hLv‡b Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb N‡U|
mvaviYZ Kv‡Pi GK c„‡ô avZzi cÖ‡jc jvwM‡q `c©Y ˆZwi Kiv nq| Kv‡Pi
`c©Y wKfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv nq,
17 Dci cvi` ev iycvi cÖ‡jc jvMv‡bvi GB cÖw µqv‡K Ôcviv jvMv‡bvÕ ev
wmjfvwis wK ?
wmjfvwis ejv nq|
`c©Y cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v- 1. mgZj `c©Y
18 `c©Y cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi ?
2. †Mvjxq `c©Y
cÖwZdjK c„ôwU hw` gm„Y I mgZj nq Ges Zv‡Z Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb
19 mgZj `c©Y Kv‡K e‡j ?
N‡U,Z‡e †m c„ô‡K mgZj `c©Y e‡j|
cÖwZdjK c„ôwU hw` gm„Y Ges †Mvjxq nq A_©vr cÖwZdjK c„ôwU hw` †Kv‡bv
20 †Mvjxq `c©Y Kv‡K e‡j ? †Mvj‡Ki Askwe‡kl nq Ges Zv‡Z Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb N‡U Z‡e Zv‡K
†Mvjxq `c©Y e‡j|
Avgiv †h `c©Y e¨envi
21 Avgiv mPivPi †h `c©Y ev Avqbv e¨envi K‡i _vwK †mwU n‡jv mgZj `c©Y|
‡mwU†Kvb `c©Y ?
‡Mvjxq `c©Y Avevi `yB cÖKvi| h_v-1. AeZj `c©Y
22 ‡Mvjxq `c©Y KZ cÖKvi ?
2. DËj `c©Y
AeZj `c©Y Kv‡K e‡j ? ‡Kv‡bv ‡Mvj‡Ki AeZj c„ô hw` cÖwZdjKi~‡c KvR K‡i A_v©r Av‡jvi
23 wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb hw` †Mvjxq `c©‡Yi AeZj c„ô n‡Z msNwUZ nq Z‡e †m
`c©Y‡K AeZj `c©Y e‡j|
DËj `c©Y ‡Kv‡bv †Mvj‡Ki DËj c„ô hw` cÖwZdjKi~‡c KvR K‡i A_©vr Av‡jvi wbqwgZ
24 Kv‡K cÖwZdjb hw` †Mvjxq `c©‡Yi DËj c„ô n‡Z msNwUZ nq,
e‡j ? Z‡e †m `c©Y‡K DËj `c©Y e‡j|

†Mvjxq `c©‡Yi cÖwZdjK c„‡ôi ga¨we›`y‡K

25 †giæ Kv‡K e‡j ?
`c©‡Yi †giy e‡j| wP‡Î P `c©‡Yi †giæ|

eµZvi †Mvjxq `c©Y †h †Mvj‡Ki Askwe‡kl, †mB †Mvj‡Ki

26
†K›`ª Kv‡K e‡j ? †K›`ª‡K H `c©‡Yi eµZvi †K›`ª e‡j| wP‡Î C we›`y `c©‡Yi eµZvi †K›`ª|
†Mvjxq `c©Y †h †Mvj‡Ki Ask, †mB †Mvj‡Ki e¨mva©‡K H `c©‡Yi eµZvi
`c©‡Yi eµZvi e¨vmva© Kv‡K
27 e¨vmva© e‡j| wP‡Î PC ev MC n‡jv †Mvjxq `c©‡Yi eµZvi e¨vmva©| eµZvi
e‡j ?
e¨vmva©‡K r Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
†Mvjxq `c©‡Yi ‡giy I eµZvi †K‡›`ªi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµgKvix mij‡iLv‡K
28 cÖavb A¶ Kv‡K e‡j ?
`c©‡Yi cÖavb A¶ e‡j| wP‡Î PC mij‡iLv n‡jv `c©‡Yi cÖavb A¶|
†giy we›`y e¨wZZ `c©‡Yi cÖwZdjK c„‡ôi Dci¯’ †h †Kv‡bv we›`y I eµZvi
29 †MŠY A¶ Kv‡K e‡j ?
†K‡›`ªi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµgKvix mij‡iLv‡K †MŠY A¶ e‡j|
cÖavb A‡¶i wbKUeZx© I mgvšÍivj iwk¥¸”Q †Kv‡bv ‡Mvjxq `c©‡Y AvcwZZ
n‡q cÖwZdj‡bi cicÖavb A‡¶i Dci †h we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq (AeZj `c©‡Y)
30 cÖavb †dvKvm Kv‡K e‡j ?
ev †h we›`y †_‡K Acm„Z n‡”Q e‡j g‡b nq (DËj `c©‡Y) Zv‡K H `c©‡Yi
cÖavb †dvKvm e‡j|
†Mvjxq `c©‡Yi †giy we›`y †_‡K cÖavb †dvKvm ch©šÍ `~iZ¡‡K †dvKvm `~iZ¡
31 †dvKvm `~iZ¡ Kv‡K e‡j ?
e‡j| G‡K f Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
µ. cÖkœ DËi
bs
32 †dvKvm `~iZ¡ I eµZvi r
†Mvjxq `c©‡Yi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ eµZvi e¨vmv‡a©i A‡a©K, A_©vr f 
e¨vmv‡a©i g‡a¨ m¤úK© wK ? 2
33 †Mvjxq `c©‡Yi cÖavb †dvKv‡mi ga¨ w`‡q cÖavb A‡¶i mv‡_ j¤^fv‡e †h
†dvKvm Zj Kv‡K e‡j ?
mgZj Kíbv Kiv nq Zv‡K †dvKvm Zj e‡j|
†Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z wbM©Z Av‡jvKiwk¥¸”Q †Kv‡bv Z‡j cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ
nevi ci wØZxq †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq ev wØZxq †Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z
34 cÖwZwe¤^ Kv‡K e‡j ?
AcmvwiZ n‡”Q e‡j g‡b nq, ZLb H wØZxq we›`ywU‡K cÖ_g we›`yi cÖwZwe¤^
e‡j|
cÖwZwe¤^ `yB cÖKv‡ii nq- (K) ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^
35 cÖwZwe¤^ KZ cÖKvi I wK wK ?
(L) Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^
‡Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z wbtm„Z Av‡jvK iwk¥My”Q ‡Kv‡bv Z‡j cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ
36 ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ Kv‡K e‡j ? nevi ci hw` wØZxq †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ wgwjZ nq Zvn‡j H wØZxq
we›`ywU‡K c_g we›`yi ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ e‡j|
†Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z wbtm„Z Av‡jvK iwk¥¸”Q ‡Kv‡bv Z‡j cÖwZdwjZ ev cÖwZmwiZ
37 Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ Kv‡K e‡j ? nevi ci hw` wØZxq †Kv‡bv we›`y ‡_‡K AcmvwiZ n‡”Q e‡j g‡b nq, Z‡e H
wØZxq we›`ywU‡K cÖ_g we›`yi Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ e‡j|
mgZj `c©‡Y cÖwZwe‡¤^i cÖK…wZ
38 mgZj `c©‡Y m„ó cÖwZwe¤^ Aev¯Íe Ges †mvRv n‡e|
†Kgb n‡e ?
mgZj `c©‡Y cÖwZwe‡¤^i AvKvi
39 mgZj `c©‡Y m„ó cÖwZwe‡¤^i AvKvi j¶e¯‘i AvKv‡ii mgvb n‡e|
†Kgb n‡e ?
mgZj `c©‡Y cÖwZwe‡¤^i mgZj `c©‡Y m„ó cÖwZwe¤^ me©`vq `c©‡bi wcQ‡b MwVZ n‡e Ges mgZj `c©Y
40
Ae¯’vb†Kv_vq n‡e ? †_‡K e¯‘i `~iZ¡ hZ, `c©Y †_‡K cÖwZwe‡¤^i `~iZ¡I ZZ n‡e|
‡MvjKxq `c©‡bi K‡qKwU Av‡jvKxq NUbv-
**†Mvjxq `c©‡Yi eµZvi e¨vmva© eivei AvcwZZ iwk¥ cÖwZdj‡bi ci cybivq †mB c‡_B wd‡i Av‡m|
**AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb A‡¶i mgvšÍiv‡j AvcwZZ iwk¥ cÖwZdj‡bi ci cÖavb †dvKvm w`‡q hvq; DËj `c©‡Yi
41
cÖavb A‡¶i mgvšÍiv‡j AvcwZZ iwk¥ cÖwZdj‡bi ci cÖavb †dvKvm n‡Z Avm‡Q e‡j g‡b nq|
**AeZj `c©‡Yi cÖavb †dvKv‡mi ga¨ w`‡q AvcwZZ iwk¥ cÖavb A‡¶i mgvšÍiv‡j cÖwZdwjZ nq; DËj `c©‡Yi
cÖavb †dvKvm Awfgy‡L AvcwZZ iwk¥ cÖwZdj‡bi ci cÖavb A‡¶i mgvšÍivj nq|
j¶¨e¯‘‡K Amxg Ges cÖavb †dvKv‡mi g‡a¨ `c©‡Yi mvg‡b †hLv‡bB ivLv
AeZj `c©‡Y jÿ¨e¯‘i wewfbœ
†nvK bv †Kb m„ó cÖZwe¤^ me©`v ev¯Íe I D‡ëv n‡e| Avevi j¶¨e¯‘‡K cÖavb
42 Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwe¤^ †Kgb
†dvKvm I †giæi g‡a¨ ¯’vcb Kiv n‡j MwVZ cÖwZwe¤^ n‡e Aev¯Íe Ges
n‡e ?
†mvRv|
DËj `c©Y me©`v e¯‘i Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ MVb K‡i| GB cÖwZwe¤^ memgq †mvRv
43 DËj `c©‡Y m„ó cÖwZwe¤^†Kgb ?
Ges e¯‘i †P‡q AvKv‡i †QvU nq|
DËj `c©‡Y j¶¨e¯‘‡K µgk j¶e¯‘‡K µgk `c©‡Yi wbK‡U Avbv n‡j cÖwZwe¤^I `c©‡Yi Kv‡Q m‡i Avm‡e
44 `c©‡Yi wbK‡U Avbv n‡j wK Ges cÖwZwe‡¤^i AvK…wZ µgk eo n‡Z _vK‡e Z‡e Zv me©`vB e¯‘i AvKv‡ii
n‡e ? †P‡q †QvU _vK‡e|
†cwi‡¯‹v‡c KZ wWMÖx †Kv‡Y†Kvb GKwU j¤^v AvqZvKvi KvV ev avZe b‡ji g‡a¨ `ywU mgZj `c©Y‡K ci¯ú‡ii
45
`c©Y wKfv‡e†mU Kiv nq ? mgvšÍivj Ges b‡ji A‡¶i mv‡_ 45 †KvY K‡i ivLv nq|
fx‡oi g‡a¨ †Ljv †`Lv, DuPz †`qv‡ji Dci w`‡q †`Lv, kÎæ ‰m‡b¨i MwZwewa
†cwi‡¯‹vc wK Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv
46 ch©‡e¶Y BZ¨vw` Kv‡R †cwi‡¯‹vc e¨envi Kiv nq| Wz‡evRvnv‡R wcÖRg
nq ?
e¨envi K‡i Av‡iv DboeZ ai‡bi †cwi‡¯‹vc e¨envi Kiv nq|
wPÎ : †cwi‡¯‹vc
µ. cÖkœ DËi
bs
mgZj `c©Y †Kv_vq e¨envi †Uwj‡¯‹vc, †cwi‡¯‹vc,Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, †jRvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z Ges bvUK,
47
Kiv nq ? Pjw”PÎ BZ¨vw`i mywUs Gi mgq mgZj `c©Y e¨envi Kiv nq|
UP©jvBU, w÷gvi ev j‡Âi mvP©jvB‡U, i~cPP©v ev `uvwo KuvUvi mgq ,wWk
AeZj `c©Y †Kv_vq e¨envi
48 G‡›Ubv, †mŠiPzjøx,†Uwj‡¯‹vc I ivWvi msMÖvn‡K Ges Wv³viiv `šÍ wPwKrmv mn
Kiv nq ?
†PvL, bvK, Kvb I Mjv cix¶v Kivi mgq G `c©Y e¨envi K‡ib|
cÖwZdjK †Uwj‡¯‹vc ˆZwi‡Z, iv¯Ívi evwZ,†`vKvb ev kwcsg‡j wbivcËvi
DËj `c©Y †Kv_vq e¨envi Kiv
49 Kv‡R,†cQ‡bi hvbevnb ev c_Pvix †`Lvi Rb¨ Mvwo‡Z Ges we‡qi mgq wfD
nq ?
wgii wn‡m‡e G `c©Y e¨envi Kiv nq|
iv¯Ívi wec¾bK euv‡K †Kvb cvnvox iv¯Ívi wec¾bK euv‡K 45 †Kv‡Y e„nr AvK…w Zi mgZj `c©Y emv‡bv
50
`c©Y wKfv‡e emv‡bv nq ? nq|
cÖwZwe‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ I j¶e¯‘i ˆ`‡N©¨i AbycvZ‡K ˆiwLK weea©b ev ms‡¶‡c
51 ˆiwLK weea©b Kv‡K e‡j ?
weea©b e‡j|
‡Kvb `c©‡Yi c„ó ¯úk© bv K‡i †Kvb `c©‡Yi G‡Kev‡i wbK‡U GKwU Av½yj Lvovfv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡j hw` †mvRv
52 `c©YwU wKfv‡e mbv³ Kiv hvq ? we¤^ jÿ¨ e¯‘i †P‡q eo nq Zvn‡j `c©YwU AeZj, Avi hw` †QvU nq Zvn‡j
`c©YwU DËj Ges we¤^ jÿ¨e¯‘i mgvb n‡j `c©YwU mgZj n‡e|
 t AeZj `c©‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íe I Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ m„wói KwZcq NUbv t
µtbs e¯‘i Ae¯’vb cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb AvK…wZ cÖK…wZ
01 Amxg `yi‡Z¡ ‡dvKvm Z‡j AZ¨všÍ Lwe©Z ev¯Íe I Dëv
02 eµZvi †K›`ª I Amx‡gi g‡a¨ eµZvi †K›`ª I cÖavb †dvKv‡mi g‡a¨ Lwe©Z ev¯Íe I Dëv
03 eµZvi †K‡›`ª eµZvi †K‡›`ª jÿ¨e¯‘i mgvb ev¯Íe I Dëv
04 cÖavb †dvKvm I eµZvi †K‡›`ªi g‡a¨ eµZvi †K›`ª I Amx‡gi g‡a¨ weewa©Z ev¯Íe I Dëv
ev¯Íe I Dëv A_ev
05 cÖavb †dvKv‡m Amx‡g AZ¨šÍ weewa©Z
Aev¯Íe I †mvRv
06 cÖavb †dvKvm I †giæi g‡a¨ `c©‡Yi wcQ‡b weewa©Z Aev¯Íe I †mvRv

**** DËj `c©‡Yi†ÿ‡Î cÖwZdj‡bi d‡j me©`v Aev¯Íe,wmav Ges e¯‘ A‡cÿv†QvU AvKv‡ii cÖwZwe¤^ m„wó nq|

Physics & I.C.T M I N Gi Rb¨ MvwbwZK mgm¨v Physics & I.C.T

mZK©Zv t
** e¯‘i `yiZ¡ Ges †dvKvm `yi‡Z¡i gvb emv‡bvi mgq Dnv abvZ¡K bv FbvZ¡K Zv jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e|
** mKj ev¯Íe `yiZ¡ abvZ&K Ges mKj Aev¯Íe `yiZ¡ FbvZ¡K| ** e¯‘i `yiZ¡ me©`v abvZ¡K n‡e|
** AeZj `c©‡bi †dvKvm `yiZ¡ abvZ¡K Ges DËj `c©‡bi†dvKvm `yiZ¡ FbvZ¡K n‡e|
eµZvi e¨vmv‡a©i wPýI GKB iKg n‡e|
** cÖwZwe‡¤^i `yiZ¡ hw` abvZ¡K nq Z‡e Dnv ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ Avi hw` FbvZ¡K nq Z‡e Dnv Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ n‡e|

cÖkœ-1| GKwU AeZj `c©‡bi eµZvi e¨vmva© 30cm| `c©Y n‡Z 20cm `y‡i GKwU e¯‘ ivLv n‡jv| cÖwZwe‡¤^i `yiZ¡
wbY©q Ki| DËi t 60cm
cÖkœ-2| GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi †dvKvm `yiZ¡ 0.2 wgUvi| `c©YwU n‡Z KZ `y‡i e¯‘ ¯’vcm Ki‡j ev¯Íe cÖwZw‡¤^i AvKvi
e¯‘i AvKv‡ii GK PZz_©vsk n‡e| DËi t 1.0 m
cÖkœ-3| GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi eµZvi e¨vmva© 24cm| `c©YwU n‡Z 12cm `y‡i GKwU e¯‘ ivLv n‡jv| cÖwZwe‡¤^i
Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki| DËi t cÖwZwe¤^ `c©‡Yi mvg‡b Ges Amxg `yi‡Z¡ MwVZ n‡e|
cÖkœ-4| GKwU DËj `c©‡Yi†dvKvm `yiZ¡ 15 cm| `c©‡Yi mvg‡b Amxg `yi‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z GKwU e¯‘i cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb
I cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| DËi t cÖwZwe¤^ `c©‡Yi wcQ‡b 15 cm `y‡i A_©vr cÖavb †dvKv‡m MwVZ n‡e Ges cÖwZwe¤^ Aev¯Íe
I wmav n‡e|
cÖkœ-5| GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi eµZvi e¨vmva© 30cm| `c©Y n‡Z 20cm `y‡i GKwU e¯‘ ivLv n‡jv| cÖwZwe‡¤^i
Ae¯’vb,cÖK…wZ I weea©b wbY©q Ki| DËi t cÖwZwe¤^ `c©‡Yi mvg‡b 60cm `y‡i,ev¯Íe I Dëv n‡e|
cÖkœ-6| 30cm eµZvi e¨vmva© wewkó GKwU `c©Y n‡Z KZ `y‡i e¯‘ ¯’vcb Ki‡j mgkxl© Pvi¸Y AvKv‡ii cÖwZwe¤^
cvIqv hv‡e| DËi t 18.75 cm
cÖkœ-7| 15cm †dvKvm `yi‡Z¡i GKwU AeZj `c©Y n‡Z KZ `y‡i GKwU e¯‘ ¯’vcb Ki‡j e¯‘i AvKv‡ii wZb¸b
weewa©Z Aev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ cvIqv hv‡e| DËi t 10 cm
cÖkœ-8| GKwU `c©‡Yi 20 cm jÿ¨e¯‘ ¯’vcb Ki‡j 60 cm wcQ‡b we¤^ MwVZ nq| `c©YwUi †dvKvm `yiZ¡ †ei Ki|
`c©YwU DËj bv AeZj ? DËi t 30 cm, ‡hûZz f abvZ¡K ,AZGe `c©YwU AeZj|
cÖkœ-9| GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi eµZvi e¨vmva© 30cm| GKwU e¯‘‡K eµZvi †K‡›`ª ivL‡j †Kv_vq Gi cÖwZwe¤^ MwVZ
n‡e ? DËi t eµZvi †K‡›`ª|
cÖkœ-10| GKwU AeZj `c©Y n‡Z 12cm I 20 cm mvg‡bi `ywU we›`y‡K AbyeÜx †dvKvm MY¨ Kiv hvq| `c©‡Yi
†dvKvm `yiZ¡ KZ ? DËi t 7.5cm
cÖkœ-11| 0.015m †dvKvm `yiZ¡wewkó GKwU AeZj `c©Y n‡Z 0.27m `y‡i GKwU e¯‘ ivLv nj| hw` e¯‘wUi ˆ`N©¨
12 × 10 nq, Z‡e cÖwZwe‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨†ei Ki| DËi t 0.708 × 10
t G Aa¨v‡qi myÎvejx t
1. = 2. + = 3. + = 4. =− 5. =
cÖk-œ 12| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ ¸‡jvi DËi `vI t

M. wP‡Î jÿ¨e¯‘i D‡jøwLZ Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ we‡¤^i Ae¯’vb wPÎ Gu‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K `c©‡Yi mvg‡b Aew¯’Z jÿe¯‘‡K Av‡iv mvg‡b Avb‡j weea©b m> 1 n‡e wK ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

cÖk-œ 13| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ ¸‡jvi DËi `vI t

M. DÏxc‡Ki AC= 5cm n‡j wPÎ G‡uK weea©b wbY©q Ki|

N. DÏxc‡Ki `c©YwU DËj n‡j wKiæc cÖwZwe‡¤^i m„wó n‡e wPÎ mnKv‡i we‡kølY Ki|

cÖk-œ 14| GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi eµZvi e¨vmva© 24cm| `c©Y n‡Z 18cm `y‡i GKwU e¯‘y ¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ˆiwLK weea©Y wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K e¯‘i `yiZ¡ wظY Kiv n‡j cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb,AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZi†Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e wK ? MvwbwZK hyw³i
gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki|

cÖk-œ 15|0.15m †dvKvm `yiZ¡ wewkó GKwU AeZj `c©‡bi mvg‡b GKwU e¯‘ ivLv n‡j e¯‘i AvKv‡ii wZb¸Y weewa©Z
ev¯Íe cÖwZwe¤^ cvIqv hvq|
M. `c©‡Yi†giæ n‡Z e¯‘i `yiZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
N. `c©YwU DËj n‡j cÖwZwe‡¤^i AvKv‡ii Kxiæc cwieZ©b n‡e MvwbwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

cÖk-œ 16| 10cm †dvKvm `yiZ¡ wewkó GKwU†Mvjxq `c©‡Yi mvg‡b 3cm ‰`‡N©¨i†Kvb e¯‘ ivLvq 6cm ‰`‡N©¨i cÖwZwe¤^
cvIqv†Mj|
M. ˆiwLK weea©b wbY©q Ki|
N. `c©YwU n‡Z 5cm `y‡i ‡Kvb e¯‘ ivL‡j cÖwZwe¤^ ev¯Íe n‡e bvwK Aev¯Íe n‡e ? MvwbwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

cÖk-œ 17| 0.015m†dvKvm `yiZ¡wewkó GKwU AeZj `c©Y n‡Z 0.27m `y‡i GKwU e¯‘ ivLv nj| e¯‘wUi ˆ`N©¨
12 × 10 nq|
M. `c©‡Y cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb,cÖK…wZ I ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
N. `c©YwUi 8cm mvg‡b e¯‘ ivL‡j wK ai‡Yi cÖwZwe¤^ MwVZ n‡e Zv iwkœ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|

cÖk-œ 18| GKwU DËj `c©‡Yi†dvKvm `yiZ¡ 25cm| `c©YwUi 1m mvg‡b cÖavb A‡ÿi Dci 2cm ‰`‡N©¨i GKwU
jÿ¨e¯‘y ¯’vcb Kiv nj|
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z jÿ¨e¯‘wUi cÖwZwe‡¤^i AvKvi Kxiæc n‡e MvwbwZK Dcv‡q we‡kølY Ki|
N. D³ `c©YwUi mvg‡b †h‡Kv‡bv `yi‡Z¡ e¯‘ ivL‡j Gi cÖwZwe¤^ Kxiæc m„wó n‡e iwkœ wPÎmnKv‡i e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
mgZj I †Mvjxq `c©‡Y cÖwZwe¤^ m„wói wKQz mvaviY NUbv
1. mij †cwi‡¯‹vc: `~‡ii †Kv‡bv wRwbm †mvRvmywR ‡`L‡Z evav _vK‡j †cwi‡¯‹vc e¨envi Kiv nq| GKwU
mij †cwi‡¯‹vc `ywU mgZj `c©Y Øviv MwVZ| Av‡jvi μwgK cÖwZdjb e¨envi K‡i G hš¿ ˆZwi Kiv nq|
8.20 wP‡Î GKwU mij †cwi‡¯‹vc †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GKwU j¤^v AvqZvKvi KvV ev avZe b‡ji g‡a¨ `ywU
mgZj `c©Y‡K ci¯ú‡ii mgvš—ivj Ges b‡ji A‡¶i mv‡_ 45° †KvY K‡i
ivLv nq| `~‡ii e¯‘ †_‡K mgvš—ivj Av‡jvKiwk¥ cÖ_‡g M1 `c©‡Y
Awfj‡¤^i mv‡_ 45° †Kv‡Y AvcwZZ nq| AvcwZZ iwk¥ M1 `c©Y Øviv
45° †Kv‡Y cÖwZdwjZ n‡q b‡ji A¶ eivei G‡m M2 `c©‡Y AvcwZZ nq|
Av‡jvK iwk¥ M2 `c©‡Y cybivq cÖwZdwjZ n‡q Abyf~wgKfv‡e †Pv‡L c‡o
d‡j e¯‘wU †`Lv hvq|
wPÎ 8.20 : †cwi‡¯‹vc
mgZj `c©Y e¨envi K‡i Gfv‡e Av‡jvK iwk¥i w`K cwieZ©b K‡i Avgiv mivmwi †`L‡Z cvB bv Ggb e¯‘‡KI †`L‡Z
cvB| fx‡oi g‡a¨ †Ljv †`Lv, DuPz †`qv‡ji Dci w`‡q †`Lv, kΓ ‰m‡b¨I MwZwewa ch©‡e¶Y BZ¨vw` Kv‡R †cwi‡¯‹vc
e¨envi Kiv nq| Wz‡evRvnv‡R wcÖRg e¨envi K‡i Av‡iv DboeZ ai‡bi †cwi‡¯‹vc e¨envi Kiv nq|
2. †mjy‡b mgZj `c©Y: †mjy‡b ev cvj©v‡i Pzj KvUv‡bvi mgq Avgiv mvg‡b I †cQ‡b mgZj `c©Y †`L‡Z cvB|mvg‡bi
`c©‡Y Avgiv gv_vi m¤§yLfvM †`L‡Z cvB| gv_vi †cQ‡b Aew¯’Z `c©‡Y gv_vi ‡cQ‡bi As‡ki cÖwZwe¤^ MwVZ nq| GB
cÖwZwe¤^ mvg‡bi `c©‡Yi Rb¨ Aev¯Íe e¯‘ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges mvg‡bi `c©‡Y cybivq cÖwZwe¤^ MVb K‡i| d‡j mvg‡b
Aew¯’Z `c©‡Y Avgiv gv_vi cðv`fvMI †`L‡Z cvB|
3. wPwKrmv †¶‡Î AeZj `c©Y: `uv‡Zi wPwKrmKiv `uvZ cix¶v Kivi Kv‡R AeZj `c©Y e¨envi K‡ib| `uvZ cix¶v
Kivi mgq `c©YwU‡K `uv‡Zi ‡ek wbK‡U aiv nq| d‡j `c©‡Y `uv‡Zi GKwU Aev¯Íe I weewa©Z cÖwZwe¤^ MwVZ nq| G
Qvov bvK-Kvb-Mjv wefv‡Mi wPwKrmKivI wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b AeZj `c©Y e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|
`c©‡Yi e¨envi
Uses of Mirror
wewfbœ ai‡Yi `c©Y Avgiv wewfbœ Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i _vwK| G¸‡jv wb‡¤œ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:

mgZj `c©Y
1. mgZj `c©‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv Avgv‡`i †Pnviv †`wL|
2. †Pv‡Li Wv³viMY †ivMxi `„wó kw³ cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ eY©gvjv cv‡Vi myweav‡_© mgZj `c©Y e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|
3. mgZj `c©Y e¨envi K‡i †cwi‡¯‹vc ˆZwi Kiv nq|
4. cvnvwo iv¯Ívi euv‡K `yN©Ubv Gov‡Z GwU e¨envi Kiv nq|
5. wewfbœ Av‡jvKxq hš¿cvwZ †hgb- †Uwj‡¯‹vc,Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, †jRvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z mgZj `c©Y e¨envi Kiv nq|
6. bvUK, Pjw”PÎ BZ¨vw`i mywUs Gi mgq mgZj `c©Y w`‡q Av‡jv cÖwZdwjZ K‡i †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi J¾¡j¨
e„w× Kiv nq|

AeZj `c©Y
1. myweavRbK AvK…wZi AeZj `c©Y e¨envi K‡i gyLgʇji weewa©Z Ges †mvRv cÖwZwe¤^ ˆZwi Kiv nq, G‡Z
i~cPP©v I `uvwo KuvUvi myweav nq|
2. `šÍ wPwKrmKMY AeZj `c©Y e¨envi K‡ib|
3. cÖwZdjK wn‡m‡e AeZj `c©Y e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb- UP©jvBU, w÷gvi ev j‡Âi mvP©jvB‡U AeZj `c©Y
e¨envi K‡i MwZc_ wba©viY Kiv nq|
4. AeZj `c©‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡jvKkw³, Zvckw³ BZ¨vw` †K›`ªxf‚Z K‡i †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K DËß Ki‡Z e¨envi
Kiv nq| GQvovI GwU ivWvi Ges wUwf ms‡KZ msMÖ‡n e¨eüZ nq| †hgb- wWk G‡›Ubv, †mŠiPzj x,
†Uwj‡¯‹vc Ges ivWvi msMÖvnK BZ¨vw`|
5. AeZj `c©‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡jvK iwk¥¸”Q‡K GKwU we›`y‡Z †K›`ªxf~Z Kiv hvq e‡j Wv³viiv †PvL, bvK, Kvb
I Mjv cix¶v Kivi mgq G `c©Y e¨envi K‡ib|
DËj `c©Y
1. DËj `c©Y me©`v Aev¯Íe, †mvRv Ges Lwe©Z cÖwZwe¤^ MVb K‡i weavq †cQ‡bi hvbevnb ev c_Pvix †`Lvi
Rb¨ Mvwo‡Z Ges we‡qi mgq wfD wgii wn‡m‡e G `c©Y e¨envi Kiv nq|
2. DËj `c©‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ we¯Í…Z GjvKv ‡`L‡Z cviv hvq e‡j †`vKvb ev kwcsg‡j wbivcËvi Kv‡R DËj `c©Y
e¨envi Kiv nq|
3. cÖwZdjK †Uwj‡¯‹vc ˆZwi‡Z G `c©Y e¨eüZ nq|
4. G `c©Y we¯Í…Z GjvKvq Av‡jvKiwk¥ Qwo‡q †`q e‡j iv¯Ívi evwZ‡Z cÖwZdjKiƒ‡c e¨eüZ nq|