Lesson 4 Modal Verbs - General & Ability
Lesson 4 Modal Verbs - General & Ability
Modal fe’llarning ko’pchiligi shaxsga qarab o’zgarmaydi. Masalan: “ can, could, may, might, must, should,
ought to, had better ” modal fe’llari shu qatorga kiradi.
> I can speak 5 languages and he can speak 3 languages. > You must see a doctor and they must go with you.
Modal fe’llarning ko’pchiligi hozirgi zamonda fe’llarning bare infinitive shakli (run, read, be…) bilan
to’g’ridan-to’g’ri birikadi, ya’ni asosoiy fe’l oldidan TO ishlatilmaydi.
> They may go to Italy for holiday next week. > My grandfather could swim 3 kilometres in his childhood.
NOTE: “have to, ought to, be to” modal fe’llarida “ to ” yuklamasi mavjud.
> I have to/ought to study hard for the exams.
> I can look after your dog while you are way. Don’t worry! > They can study hard and can pass the exam.
> She cannot translate the text, she doesn’t know English. > We can’t fail the exam because our teacher believes us.
Question: . Can + S + V1 + C + M ? .
> Can those students swim very well? > How can I use that method effectively?
Can – modal fe’li ba’zan kelajak zamondagi payt ravishlari bilan ham qo’llanilishi mumkin. Bunday vaziyatlarda
CAN imkoniyat ma’nosida ishlatiladi. > He can’t (won’t be able to) come to the party tomorrow.
Kelajakda biror ishni qila olish qobiliyatini ifodalash uchun esa will be able to + V1 shakli ham ishlatilishi
mumkin. > The baby will be able to walk in the few weeks.
Could – modal fe’li o’tgan zamonda biror ish qilishga qobiliyati yoki imkoniyati bo’lgan/bo’lmaganini
bildiradi.
> He could read when he was only four years old. > They could finish their job in a few minutes.
> I could not understand the people when I came here last year. > Ali couldn’t speak well a year ago.
> Could you write in English when you were 5 years old? > Could he run very fast before?
Yuqoridagi ma’nolarda, can / could modal fe’llarining vazifadoshi sifatida “ to be able to + V1 ” qurilmasi
ishlatilishi mumkin.
PreMium Education Muhammad Ali Teacher
> I can’t speak Spanish because I don’t know it = I’m not able to speak Spanish because I don’t know it.
> I couldn’t understand the lesson well = I was not able to understand the lesson well.
NOTE: Biroq can / could modal fe’llari yuqoridagi ma’nolarda faqat hozirgi va o’tgan zamolarda ishlatilishi
mumkin, boshqa zamonlarda esa to be able to + V1 qurilmasi ishlatiladi.
> He will be able to walk in a few days. > Has he been able to finish his job on time?
> I have not been able to sleep recently. > I had been able to finish the task before the committee came.
O’zidan keyin fe’lning gerund yoki infinitive shaklini talab qiladigan ba’zi fe’llardan keyin ham faqat
“ to be able to + V1 ” qurilmasi qo’llaniladi:
> I enjoy being able to understand the language of animals.
> I would like to be able to fly around the sky.
Can/Could va Be able to o’rtasidagi farq bu - Can va Could faqat General ability (umumiy qobiliyat/imkoniyat)
uchun ishlatiladi. Be able to esa General ability uchun ham, Specific ability (maxsus vaziyatdagi
qobiliyat/imkoniyat) uchun ham ishlatiladi. NOTE: Specific vaziyat uchun “ manage to ” ham ishlatiladi.
> I can/am able to run very fast (= umumiy). > She can/is able to speak 5 languages (= umumiy).
> I am able to/manage to run very fast when a dog chases me. (= faqat shu vaziyatda)
> My son could/was able to walk when he was 11 months old. (= odatiy hol, shu uchun umumiy vaziyat)
> There was a fire in the office but all the workers were able to/managed to escape. (= aynan shu vaziyatda)
NOTE: Inkor gaplarda, Could va Was/Were able to, maxsus vaziyatda bir xil ishlatiladi.
> It was very dark and they could not find the exit. yoki …and they were not able to find the exit.
Can/Could you/he/she/they …? – esa kimdir siz uchun nimadir qilishini so’raganda yoki iltimos qilganda ham
ishlatiladi. Bu yerda Can ham Could ham hozirgi zamon uchun ishlatiladi va Could muloyimroq va rasmiyroq
hisoblanadi.
> Can he bring 99 eggs tomorrow? – U ertaga 99 ta tuxum olib kelib berolaydimi?
> Could you sing this song loudly? – Siz bu qo’shiqni balandroq kuylay olasizmi? (muloyimroq)
> Can you lend me some money? -
> Could you do me a favour? – Menga yordam bera olasizmi? (muloyimroq)