Misr International University - Faculty of Engineering

Electronics and Communications Department

Communication Lab

ASK and PCM Simulations using SIMULINK

Lab 2

Submitted by

Student Name ID Number

Ali Hassan 2016/06419

Submitted To

Dr. Mohamed Asaad

TA. Rawan Ashraf
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Contents
Task 1: .................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction: ....................................................................................................... 4
Screenshots: ........................................................................................................5
Conclusion: ..........................................................................................................7
Task 2: .................................................................................................................... 8
Introduction: ....................................................................................................... 8
Screenshots: ........................................................................................................8
Conclusion: ........................................................................................................12

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Figure 1 Amplitude shift keying ............................................................... 4

Figure 2 ASK blocks modulation and demodulation ............................... 5
Figure 3 ASK Modulation graph .............................................................. 6
Figure 4 ASK original & recovered signal ............................................... 7
Figure 5 Pulse code modulation ................................................................8
Figure 6 PCM blocks .................................................................................9
Figure 7 PCM graph1 ..............................................................................10
Figure 9 PCM with demodulation blocks ............................................... 11
Figure 8 PCM demodulation graph .........................................................11

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Task 1:
Introduction:
Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that
represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK
system, the binary symbol 1 is represented by transmitting a fixed-amplitude
carrier wave and fixed frequency for a bit duration of T seconds. If the signal value
is 1 then the carrier signal will be transmitted; otherwise, a signal value of 0 will be
transmitted.

Figure 1 Amplitude shift keying

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Screenshots:

Figure 2 ASK blocks modulation and demodulation

 Carrier with frequency = 4296 and sample time = 1e-7. We multiplied the
pulse generator with the carrier to generate digital signal then we multiplied
the output with the same carrier signal to demodulate it. Then we pass it
through a low pass filter with frequency = 1000 then we pass it to a relay to
convert it to digital signal with 1 and 0.
 Scope1: output of the pulse generator(message) and the modulated signal
 Scope2: output of the demodulated signal before low pass filter.
 Scope3: output of the original message but with delay

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Figure 3 ASK Modulation graph

Scope 1:
 message signal changes the carrier’s amplitude
 Yellow color is the carrier modulated signal
 Blue color is the pulse generator (message)

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Figure 4 ASK original & recovered signal

Scope: the pulse generator and the pulse generator after demodulation

Upper graph: the pulse generator but delayed due to the blocks

Lower graph: the original pulse generator

Conclusion:

The main advantage of ASK modulation is generation of ASK is very much

easy. Both ASK modulation and demodulation processes are relatively
inexpensive. The ASK technique is also commonly used to transmit digital data
over optical fiber. There are many other advantages of ASK, Such as Amplitude-
shift keying transmitters are very simple and transmitter current is lower than FSK.
One important advantage of ASK is it need lees bandwidth than FSK.

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Task 2:
Introduction:
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is
the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs, digital telephony and other digital
audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at
uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.

Figure 5 Pulse code modulation

Screenshots:
Sampling: Multiplication by an impulse train in time is equivalent to convolution
by an impulse train in frequency

Steps:

 The first step in PCM is sampling .

 The analog signal is sampled every Ts seconds where Ts is the sample period.

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 The inverse of sampling period is called sampling rate or sampling frequency fs

 a continuous-time signal (analog) is sampled by measuring its amplitude at discrete time
instants or interval (Ts).

quantization steps:

 We assume the original signal has instantaneous amplitude between Amax

and Amin .
 We divide this amplitude range into zones, each with high Δ
 We assign quantized levels of L levels to midpoint of each zone.
 Then we approximate the value of each sample to the nearest quantized value

Figure 6 PCM blocks

����−����
 ∆= �

 Sine wave (message signal): with frequency 2*pi*4296

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 Pulse generator: with frequency =100000

 The input of the sampler is the pulse generator and sine wave
 Scope1: the sine wave signal with the signal after sampling
 Scope2: sine wave signal with the quantized signal

 The blue color is the sine wave

 The yellow color after sampling
 Scope1: the sine wave and the sampled signal in the same graph
 Scope 2: the sine wave and the signal after quantizer with quantizer interval
1/512
 The two outputs look the same because the quantization interval is very small

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Figure 7 PCM graph1

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Figure 8 PCM demodulation graph

Figure 9 PCM with demodulation blocks

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 Scope3: We changed the quantization interval to 0.5, here the error

increased because we increased the step size.
 Passband edge frequency = 54000 to get the original signal
 Scope4: yellow color is the demodulated signal but with delay due to the
blocks
 Blue color is the sine wave signal

Conclusion:

 The PCM (pulse code modulation) convenient for long distance

communication.
 It has a higher transmitter efficiency.
 It has a higher noise immunity.

 The PCM (pulse code modulation) requires large bandwidth as

compared to analog system.
 Encoding, decoding and quantizing circuit of PCM is very complex.

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