Scribd
Upload
5 views

Module 2_Descriptive Notes

The document outlines various sustainable energy resources, categorizing them into renewable and non-renewable sources, with examples such as solar, wind, and fossil fuels. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy, the current scenario in India regarding renewable energy capacity, and highlights the importance of hydrogen energy and green hydrogen in achieving energy independence and reducing carbon emissions. Additionally, it provides insights into solar energy, wind energy, and the production of green ammonia.

Uploaded by

sd3096322
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Module 2_Descriptive Notes

The document outlines various sustainable energy resources, categorizing them into renewable and non-renewable sources, with examples such as solar, wind, and fossil fuels. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy, the current scenario in India regarding renewable energy capacity, and highlights the importance of hydrogen energy and green hydrogen in achieving energy independence and reducing carbon emissions. Additionally, it provides insights into solar energy, wind energy, and the production of green ammonia.

Uploaded by

sd3096322
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

MANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

(A unit of Rajalaxmi Education Trust ®, Mangalore)


Autonomous Institute Affiliated to V.T.U., Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade & ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & SUSTAINABILITY


Course Code: 23AUCC229
(2023 Scheme)

Module – 2
Sustainable Energy Resources
Energy Resources: Types of Energy, Conventional Sources and Non-Conventional Sources.
Renewable Energy Sources: Hydrogen, Solar, OTEC, Tidal, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass and Bio
Fuels.

Types of Energy Sources:


Energy sources are broadly categorized as Non-conventional (renewable) or Conventional (non-
renewable), with examples including solar, wind, and hydro for renewable sources and fossil fuels like
coal, oil, and natural gas for non-renewable sources.
Renewable Energy Sources:
 Solar Energy: Harnesses energy from the sun using solar panels and other technologies.
 Wind Energy: Utilizes wind turbines to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
 Hydropower: Generates electricity from the movement of water, often using dams.
 Hydrogen (H2) gas power: Hydrogen power, a promising clean energy source, utilizes hydrogen
fuel cells to generate electricity, producing only water vapor as a byproduct.
 OTEC: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plant harnesses the temperature
difference between warm surface water and cold deep-sea water to generate electricity,
 Geothermal Energy: Taps into the Earth's natural heat to produce electricity or heat.
 Biomass Energy: Uses organic matter like wood, crops, and waste for fuel.
 Biofuels: Fuels derived from organic matter, such as ethanol or biodiesel.

Non-Renewable Energy Sources:


 Fossil Fuels: Include coal, oil, and natural gas, formed from the remains of ancient organisms.
 Petroleum Fuels: Petroleum-based fuels are derived from crude oil through refining and include
common fuels like gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and kerosene, as well as products like liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) and fuel oil.
 Nuclear Energy: Uses nuclear fission to generate electricity, typically using uranium.
Page 1 of 5
What are advanced energy systems?
The AES program develops innovative, near-zero-emissions technologies that integrate with carbon
capture, utilization, and storage capabilities and improve fuel conversion efficiency.

List the advantages and disadvantages of Renewable Energy


Advantages
 A Fuel Supply That Never Runs Out
 Zero Carbon Emissions
 Cleaner Air and Water
 A Cheaper Form of Electricity
 Renewable Energy Creates New Jobs
Disadvantages
 Higher Capital Costs
 Electricity Production Can Be Unreliable
 Energy Storage Is a Challenge
 Impacted by Environmental Conditions
 Renewables Still Have a Carbon Footprint

Present Indian Scenario in Renewable Energy/ Advancing renewable energy Indian Scenario
India is the 3rd largest energy consuming country in the world.
India stands 4th globally in Renewable Energy Installed Capacity (including Large Hydro), 4th in Wind
Power capacity & 4th in Solar Power capacity (as per REN21 Renewables 2022 Global Status
Report).The country has set an enhanced target at the COP26 of 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy
by 2030. This has been a key pledge under the Panchamrit. This is the world's largest expansion plan in
renewable energy.
As of September 2020, 89.22 GW solar energy is already operational, projects of 48.21 GW are at various
stages of implementation and projects of 25.64 GW capacity are under various stages of bidding.[14] In
2020, 3 of the world's top 5 largest solar parks were in India including world's largest 2255 MW Bhadla
Solar Park in Rajasthan and world's second-largest solar park of 2000 MW Pavagada Solar Park
Tumkur in Karnataka and 1000 MW Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh

Types of Renewable Energy


Renewable energy sources, such as biomass, geothermal resources, sunlight, water, and wind, are natural
resources that can be converted into these types of clean, usable energy:
 Bioenergy

Page 2 of 5
 Geothermal energy
 Hydropower
 Marine energy
 Solar energy
 Wind energy
 OTEC (Ocean thermal energy conversion)
 Hydrogen Power etc.

Benefits of Renewable Energy


The advantages of renewable energy are numerous and affect the economy, environment, national
security, and human health. Here are some of the benefits of using renewable energy in the United States:
 Enhanced reliability, security, and resilience of the nation’s power grid
 Job creation throughout renewable energy industries
 Reduced carbon emissions and air pollution from energy production
 Increased affordability, as many types of renewable energy are cost-competitive with traditional
energy sources
 Expanded clean energy access for non-grid-connected or remote, coastal, or islanded
communities.

What Is Solar Energy?


Solar energy is defined as the transformation of energy that is present in the sun and is one of the
renewable energies. Once the sunlight passes through the earth’s atmosphere, most of it is in the form of
visible light and infrared radiation. Plants use it to convert into sugar and starches; this conversion process
is known as photosynthesis. Solar cell panels are used to convert this energy into electricity.

Solar Energy Advantages and Disadvantages


Advantages of solar energy are:
 Clean: It is considered to be the cleanest form of energy as there is no carbon dioxide emission
like in the case of fossil fuels which is one of the causes of global warming.
 Renewable: There is ample energy available on earth as long as the sun exists.
 Reliable: The energy can be stored in the batteries, so there is no unreliability.
 Reduction in utility costs.
 Free energy because it can be trapped easily.
Disadvantages of solar energy:
 The production is low during winters and on cloudy days.

Page 3 of 5
 Installation and the initial cost of the materials are expensive.
 Space consumption is more.
Write a short note on Wind Energy.
Wind energy (or wind power) describes the process by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind
turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. A generator can convert
mechanical power into electricity. Mechanical power can also be utilized directly for specific tasks such
as pumping water.
Hydrogen Energy
Hydrogen fuel can be produced through a variety of methods, but the two most common methods
of producing hydrogen energy are water electrolysis (fuel cells) and thermochemical processes.
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydrogen Energy?
Advantages of Hydrogen Energy
1. It is easily accessible
2. No harmful emissions are produced
3. It’s safe for the environment
4. It can be used as rocket fuel
5. Fuel consumption is low
6. It is regenerative
Disadvantages of Hydrogen Energy
1. The cost is high
2. Storage is challenging
3. It is difficult to replace the current infrastructure
4. It has high flammability
5. Using fossil fuels is necessary

FAQ:
Who has a hydrogen car in India?
In India, Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors, and Ashok Leyland plan to launch hydrogen cars. The
launch will be implemented in collaboration with Hyundai and Toyota.
What is the mileage per kg of hydrogen cars in India?
Mileage usually varies because of driving patterns, models, and road conditions. Still, you can expect 250
kms on one kilogram of hydrogen.
What is the highest mileage hydrogen car?
Toyota Brand has a record of 845 miles without requiring second refueling.
Is hydrogen fuel cheaper than petrol?

Page 4 of 5
Yes, in terms of running costs, they are much cheaper than petrol and diesel engine cars.

Green Hydrogen
India has announced a target of energy independence by 2047 and a net-zero by 2070. Green Hydrogen is
expected to play a substantial role towards achieving these goals. Green Hydrogen, is produced by the
process of electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity generated from
renewable sources like solar, wind, or hydropower. This process results in a clean and emission-free fuel
that has immense potential to replace fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions. Another method of
producing Green Hydrogen is from biomass, which involves the gasification of biomass to produce
hydrogen. Both these production methods are clean and sustainable, making Green Hydrogen an
attractive option for the transition to a low-carbon future.
What is green ammonia? Ammonia is a pungent gas that is widely used to make agricultural fertilizers.
Green ammonia production is where the process of making ammonia is 100% renewable and carbon-free.
One way of making green ammonia is by using hydrogen from water electrolysis and nitrogen separated
from the air.

Page 5 of 5

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy