Early 1900's

modern laboratory tools,

Research
23%

1 What is a Spectrometer?
A spectrometer is an analytical tool used to measure the properties of light
over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It provides detailed 2000's
77%
information about the intensity of light at different wavelengths, which can be
used to identify and quantify substances, analyze chemical compositions, Evolution of Spectrometry from the
and study physical properties. 1800s to Present (2000's)

Spectrometry originated from the study of light and its interaction with
matter. The early studies involved using prisms to disperse light into its
constituent colors. The invention of the diffraction grating in the 19th
century greatly advanced spectroscopic techniques by allowing more
precise measurements of wavelength and intensity.
Prism Spectrometers - used prisms to disperse light into its component colors.
Diffraction Grating Spectrometers - used grating to achieve higher resolution

ORIGIN
and accuracy.
2

3 Spectrometer Created? When? Early 20th Century:

The development of
4 Spectrometers come from?
Where did Spectrometer
Basic principles of spectroscopy date back to the early 19th Century. more sophisticated Spectrometers evolved from early optical experiments and
spectrometers and the study of light. They were initially developed in Europe,
1814: Joseph Von Fraunhofer developed the first diffraction grating techniques follower particularly in Germany and the United Kingdom, where
and began detailed studies of the solar spectrum, identifying as understanding of significant early contributions were made by scientists like
absorption lines in the solar spectrum. atomic, optical and Joseph Von Fraunhofer, Gustav Kirchhoff, and Robert
molecular structures Bunsen. The field of spectroscopy grew with contributions
1859: Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen established the
improved. from scientists worldwide as technology and
foundation of modern spectroscopy by demonstrating that elements
emit and absorb light at characteristic wavelengths. understanding advanced.

A spectrometer works by analyzing how light

interacts with a sample. First, a light source emits
light, which is then aligned into a parallel beam by a
collimator to ensure it is focused. This beam of light
passes through a monochromator, typically a prism or
diffraction grating, which separates the light into its
individual wavelengths. A wavelength selector then
chooses a specific wavelength or range of
wavelengths that will interact with the sample. The
light interacts with the sample, either being
absorbed, transmitted, or scattered depending on the
material’s properties. After passing through the
sample, the remaining or emitted light reaches a
detector, which measures its intensity. This intensity
data is then converted into a spectrum—a graph plotting the intensity of the detected light against its wavelength. The resulting spectrum displays peaks corresponding
to the wavelengths absorbed or emitted by the sample, providing valuable information about its chemical composition, molecular structure, and physical properties.
This detailed analysis is crucial for a wide range of applications, from identifying substances in a laboratory setting to monitoring environmental conditions.

importance :
of SPECTROMETERS
Spectrometers are crucial in
various scientific and industrial
fields, including pharmaceuticals,
100

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chemistry, environmental science, astronomy, and materials
science, as they provide essential a for analyzing compositions,
monitoring quality, and studying complex systems. IMPROVEMENTS 60

Chemistry and Biochemistry - identify and quantity chemical in Spectrometers

substances and analyze molecular structures.
Astronomy and Astrophysics - study the composition and properties
Over the Years 40

of celestial bodies.
Environmental Science - monitor pollutants and assess 20
environmental qualitaty. 6
Pharmaceuticals - ensure the quality and composition of drugs and
develop new medications. 0
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Materials Science - analyze material properties and study

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interactions at the atomic or molecular level.

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Spectrometers are powerful analytical tools with a rich

3 Conclusion history of development and improvement. Their ability to
analyze and provide detailed information about substances makes them indispensable
in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. As technology continues to
advance, spectrometers will likely become even more precise and versatile.