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Chemsheets As 1027 Amount of Substance ANS

The document outlines various tasks related to chemical formulas, balanced equations, ionic equations, significant figures, relative formula mass, moles, Avogadro's number, and limiting reagents. Each task includes specific examples and calculations to illustrate the concepts. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and applying chemical principles.

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459 views32 pages

Chemsheets As 1027 Amount of Substance ANS

The document outlines various tasks related to chemical formulas, balanced equations, ionic equations, significant figures, relative formula mass, moles, Avogadro's number, and limiting reagents. Each task includes specific examples and calculations to illustrate the concepts. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and applying chemical principles.

Uploaded by

send10to10me
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AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE

TASK 1 – Writing formulas of ionic compounds


1 AgBr 2 Na2CO3 3 K2O 4 Fe2O3 5 CrCl3 6 Ca(OH)2
7 Al(NO3)3 8 Na2SO4 9 PbO 10 Na3PO4 11 Zn(HCO3)2 12 (NH4)2SO4
13 Ga(OH)3 14 SrSe 15 RaSO4 16 Na3N

TASK 2 – Writing formulas 1


1 PbO2 2 Cu 3 Na 4 NH4Cl 5 NH3 6 S8
7 H2SO4 8 Ne 9 SiO2 10 Si 11 Ba(OH)2 12 SnCl4
13 AgNO3 14 I2 15 Ni 16 H2S 17 TiO2 18 Pb
19 SrSO4 20 Li

TASK 3 – Writing formulas 2


1 Ag2CO3 2 Au 3 PtF2 4 HNO3 5 NH3 6 SiH4
7 P4 8 C 9 V2O5 10 Co(OH)2 11 Ba(OH)2 12 NH3
13 HCl 14 F2 15 Si 16 Ca3(PO4)2 17 Rb 18 GeO2
19 MgAt2 20 NO

TASK 4 – Writing balanced equations 1


1 a Mg + 2 HNO3 ® Mg(NO3)2 + H2
b CuCl2 + 2 NaOH ® Cu(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
c 2 SO2 + O2 ® 2 SO3
d C4H10 + 6½ O2 ® 4 CO2 + 5 H2O or 2 C4H10 + 13 O2 ® 8 CO2 + 10 H2O
2 a 4 Na + O2 ® 2 Na2O
b 2 Al + 3 Cl2 ® 2 AlCl3
c Ca + 2 HCl ® CaCl2 + H2
d 2 NH3 + H2SO4 ® (NH4)2SO4

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 1


TASK 5 – Writing balanced equations 2
1 4 Al + 3 O2 ® 2 Al2O3
2 C6H14 + 9½ O2 ® 6 CO2 + 7 H2O or 2 C6H14 + 19 O2 ® 12 CO2 + 14 H2O
3 CH3CH2SH + 4½ O2 ® 2 CO2 + SO2 + 3 H2O or 2 CH3CH2SH + 9 O2 ® 4 CO2 + 2 SO2 + 6 H2O
4 2 Li + 2 H2O ® 2 LiOH + H2
5 CaCO3 + 2 HNO3 ® Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
6 Li2CO3 ® Li2O + CO2
7 NH3 + HNO3 ® NH4NO3
8 K2O + H2SO4 ® K2SO4 + H2O
9 Ca(OH)2 + 2 HCl ® CaCl2 + 2 H2O
10 3 Zn + 2 H3PO4 ® Zn3(PO4)2 + 3 H2
11 2 NaHCO3 + H2SO4 ® Na2SO4 + 2 H2O + 2 CO2
12 2 KOH + H2SO4 ® K2SO4 + 2 H2O

TASK 6 – Ionic equations


1 HCl, LiOH, 1:1; H2SO4, NaHCO3, 1:2; HNO3, NH3, 1:1; H2SO4, K2CO3, 1:1, HNO3, Sr(OH)2, 2:1
2 a H+ + OH- ® H2O
b Ag+ + I- ® AgI
c 2 H+ + CO32- ® H2O + CO2
d Ca2+ + 2 OH- ® Ca(OH)2
e NH3 + H+ ® NH4+
f H+ + HCO3- ® H2O + CO2
g Ca2+ + SO42- ® CaSO4
h Pb2+ + 2 Cl- ® PbCl2
i H+ + OH- ® H2O

TASK 7 – Significant figures & standard form


1 a 345800 b 297000 c 0.0790 d 6.10 e 0.00156 f 0.01040
2 a 2350000 (3sf) b 0.25 (2sf) c 13.7 d 300 (2sf) e 0.00198 (3sf) f 0.00031 (2sf)
3 a 0.0015 b 0.00046 c 357500 d 534 e 1030000 f 0.00835
4 a 1.64 x 10-4 b 5.24 x 10-2 c 1.5 x 10-8 d 3.45 x 104 e 6.2 x 10-1 f 8.7 x 107
5 a 0.021 (2sf) b 6.1 x 10-5 (2sf) c 4.0 x 108 d 2400 e 0.0610 f 8.00 x 10-7 (3sf)

TASK 8 – Relative formula mass


1 38.0 2 55.8 3 98.1 4 102.0 5 58.3 6 213.0
7 132.1 8 123.5 9 169.9 10 80.0 11 249.5 12 24.3
13 32.0 14 102.9 15 78.1 16 174.3 17 71.0 18 399.9

TASK 9A – Moles
1 a 2.96 b 50.3 c 0.500 d 17100 e 0.000107
2 a 355 g b 20.4 g c 1.08 g d 0.264 g e 85.8 g
3 a 0.250 b 0.250 c 0.500
4 a 0.0500 b 0.100 c 0.150
5 176
6 a 1.6735 x 10-24 g b 1.6726 x 10-24 g c 3.025 g

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 2


TASK 9B – Avogadro number
!".$
1 = 1.99 x 10–23 g
%.$"" ' !$!"
(.$
2 mol H2O = !).$ = 0.5 number of molecules = 0.5 x 6.022 x 1023 = 3.011 x 1023
*".$
3 mol N2 = ").$ = 1.5 number of N atoms = 2 x 1.5 x 6.022 x 1023 = 1.81 x 1024

TASK 10 – What equations mean


1 12 mol Na + 3 mol O2 ® 6 mol Na2O; 0.1 mol Na + 0.025 mol O2 ® 0.05 mol Na2O
2 5 mol Al + 7.5 mol Cl2 ® 5 mol AlCl3; 0.1 mol Al + 0.15 mol Cl2 ® 0.1 mol AlCl3
3 0.5 mol C4H10 + 3.25 mol O2 ® 2 mol CO2 + 2.5 mol H2O; 20 mol C4H10 + 130 mol O2 ® 80 mol CO2 + 100 mol H2O
4 0.5 mol NH3 + 0.375 mol O2 ® 0.25 mol N2 + 0.75 mol H2O; 10 mol NH3 + 7.5 mol O2 ® 5 mol N2 + 15 mol H2O

TASK 11 – Reacting mass calculations 1


1 1.01 g 2 126 g 3 120 g 4 253000 g 5 17.6 g 6 12.0 g
7 7 8 6 9 9780 g 10 1560000 g 11 0.00940 g 12 1.11 g
13 115 g 14 1650000 g 15 64.0 g 16 89.3 g

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 3


© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 4
© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 5
TASK 12A – Limiting reagents 1

1 CaO + H2O ® Ca(OH)2

a) 2 mol 3 mol 2 mol

b) 10 mol 8 mol 8 mol

c) 0.40 mol 0.50 mol 0.40 mol

2 2Ca + O2 ® 2CaO

a) 2 mol 2 mol 2 mol

b) 10 mol 2 mol 4 mol

c) 0.50 mol 0.20 mol 0.4 mol

3 2Fe + 3Cl2 ® 2FeCl3

a) 3 mol 3 mol 2 mol

b) 12 mol 15 mol 10 mol

c) 20 mol 40 mol 20 mol

4 TiCl4 + 4Na ® Ti + 4NaCl

a) 4 mol 4 mol 1 mol 4 mol

b) 2 mol 10 mol 2 mol 8 mol

c) 0.5 mol 1 mol 0.25 mol 1 mol

5 C2H5OH + 3O2 ® 2CO2 + 3H2O

a) 15 mol 30 mol 20 mol 30 mol

b) 0.25 mol 1 mol 0.5 mol 0.75 mol

c) 3 mol 6 mol 4 mol 6 mol

6 N2 + 3H2 ® 2NH3

a) 3 mol 6 mol 4 mol

b) 0.5 mol 0.9 mol 0.6 mol

c) 6 mol 20 mol 12 mol

7 4K + O2 ® 2K2O

a) 10 mol 2 mol 4 mol

b) 6 mol 4 mol 3 mol

c) 0.50 mol 0.20 mol 0.25 mol

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 6


TASK 12B – Limiting reagents 2

𝟏𝟎.𝟎 𝟏𝟎.𝟎
1 Moles of CaO = = 0.179 mol Moles of H2O = = 0.556 mol
𝟓𝟔 𝟏𝟖

0.179 mol of CaO reacts with 0.179 mol of H2O, \ H2O is in excess; CaO is limiting reagent

moles of Ca(OH)2 formed = 0.179 mol

mass of Ca(OH)2 = 74 x 0.179 = 13.2 g

𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟓.𝟎𝟎
2 Moles of Mg = = 0.0417 mol Moles of Br2 = = 0.03125 mol
𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟔𝟎

0.03125 mol of Mg reacts with 0.03125 mol of Br2, \ Mg is in excess; Br2 is limiting reagent

moles of MgBr2 formed = 0.03125 mol

mass of MgBr2 = 184 x 0.03125 = 5.75 g

𝟐.𝟎𝟎 𝟏.𝟎𝟎
3 Moles of CuO = = 0.0252 mol Moles of H2 = = 0.500 mol
𝟕𝟗.𝟓 𝟐

0.0252 mol of CuO reacts with 0.0252 mol of H2, \ H2 is in excess; CuO is limiting reagent

moles of Cu formed = 0.0252 mol

mass of Cu = 63.5 x 0.0252 = 1.60 g

𝟐.𝟑𝟎 𝟐.𝟖𝟓
4 Moles of Na = = 0.100 mol Moles of F2 = = 0.075 mol
𝟐𝟑 𝟑𝟖

0.100 mol of Na reacts with 0.050 mol of F2, \ F2 is in excess; Na is limiting reagent

moles of NaF formed = 0.100 mol

mass of NaF = 42 x 0.100 = 4.20 g

𝟖.𝟎𝟎 𝟐.𝟏𝟔
5 Moles of Fe2O3 = = 0.050 mol Moles of Al = = 0.080 mol
𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝟐𝟕

0.040 mol of Fe2O3 reacts with 0.080 mol of Al, \ Fe2O3 is in excess; Al is limiting reagent

moles of Fe formed = 0.080 mol

mass of Fe = 56 x 0.080 = 4.48 g

𝟏𝟑.𝟓 𝟒𝟐.𝟔
6 Moles of Al = = 0.500 mol Moles of Cl2 = = 0.600 mol
𝟐𝟕 𝟕𝟏

0.400 mol of Al reacts with 0.600 mol of Cl2, \ Al is in excess; Cl2 is limiting reagent

moles of AlCl3 formed = 0.400 mol

mass of AlCl3 = 133.5 x 0.400 = 53.4 g

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 7


TASK 12C – Reacting mass calculations 2

2690 g

303000 g

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 8


CHALLENGE 1
1 NaHCO3 = 3.51 g, Na2CO3 6.49 g 2 CaCO3 = 40.3%, MgCO3 = 59.7% 3 C4H8 4 25.9%

25.9%

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 9


TASK 13 – Percentage yield
1 a 120 g b 74.9% c reversible, product lost on isolation, other reactions take place
2 a 700000 g b 92.3% 3 a 510 g b 30.0%
4 a 25.2 g b 79.4% 5 a 529 g b 94.4%
6 a 330 g b 90.8% 7 a 2.40 g b 88.4%

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 10


© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 11
TASK 14 – Atom economy
1 39.3% 2 1.5% 3 45.8% 4 56.0% 5 100% 6 47.1%
7 a 320 g b 87.5% c 29.5%
d % yield compares the amount produced compared to the amount you should get, atom economy is the proportion
of the mass of all the products that is the desired product

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 12


TASK 15 – Empirical & molecular formulas
1 a CH3 b P2O3 c SO2 d CH2
e CH2O f C2H7N g B3H5 h C12H22O11
2 a N2H4 b C4H10 c C5H10 d PH3 e C6H6 f C3H6
3 a 3:2 b 1:2 c 5:1 d 2:5
e 3:4 f 5:3 g 4:5 h 4:7
4 a CaBr2 b Na2S2O3 c C2H7N d CO2 e NO2
5 FeCl3 6 K2SO4 7 P2O3, P4O6 8 CH2O, C2H4O2
9 C5H10O, C5H10O 10 x = 4, y = 2

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 13


© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 14
TASK 16 – Ideal gas equation
1 a 473 K b 98000 Pa c 50 x 10-6 m3 d 223 K e 100000 Pa f 3.2 x 10-3 m3
2 1.24 x 10-3 m3 3 0.786 4 104000 Pa 5 155 K 6 71.0 7 0.00380 m3
8 7.75 x 10–4 m3 9 3.36 g 10 0.000538 m3 11 4.53 m3 12 64.1 13 483 K
14 126000 Pa

8 moles Sr(NO3)2 =
𝟏.𝟎
𝟐𝟏𝟏.𝟔
= 0.004726
𝟓
moles gaseous products = x 0.004726 = 0.0118
𝟐
𝒏𝑹𝑻 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟖 𝒙 𝟖.𝟑𝟏 𝒙 𝟕𝟗𝟖
𝑽 = 𝑷
= 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 7.75 x 10–4 m3

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 15


9

10

11

12

13

14

126000 Pa

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 16


TASK 17 – Reacting gas volumes

1 a O2 2 dm3, CO2 1 dm3 b O2 120 cm3, CO2 80 cm3


3 3
c O2 1250 cm , CO2 1000 cm d O2 5625 cm3, CO2 4500 cm3q
3
2 20 cm HBr left at end
3 300 cm3 O2, 100 cm3 CO2, total 400 cm3 gas at end
4 4 dm3 O2, 4 dm3 H2O, 4 dm3 SO2, total 12 dm3 gas
5 C8H18

5 CnH2n+2 +
𝟑𝒏1𝟏
𝟐
O2 ® nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

Ratio CnH2n+2 : O2 = 0.5 : 6.25 = 1 : 12.5


𝟑𝒏1𝟏
𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 3n + 1 = 25 3n = 24 n=8 C8H18

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 17


CHALLENGE 2
1 44.0 2 3.21 : 1, 130.5 g 3 NS 4 C2H4 5 515 ms-1 6 C3H8

650 : 202.2 = 3.21 : 1

16(28.0) g = 448 g of N2 from (650 + 202.2 =) 852.2 g of mixture


𝟖𝟓𝟐.𝟐
1 g of N2 from 𝟒𝟒𝟖
g = 1.90 g of mixture

68.6 g of N2 from 1.90 x 68.6 = 130.5 g of mixture

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 18


© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 19
Calculations CHECK-UP
1 a Zn(NO3)2 b Pb c Cr2O3 d (NH4)2SO4
e P4 f N2 g Ba(OH)2 h Al2(SO4)3
2 H2SO4, KOH, 1:2; HCl, KHCO3, 1:1; HNO3, NH3, 1:1; HCl, ZnCO3, 2:1
3 a H+ + OH- ® H2O b Ba2++ SO42- ® BaSO4
c H + NH3 ® NH4
+ +
d H+ + HCO3- ® H2O + CO2
4 a average mass of an atom, relative to 1/12th mass of 12C atom b it is the agreed standard
c mixture of other isotopes
5 a H2, NH3 = 3.33 b H2, NH3 = 3.33
c N2, NH3 = 20.0 d H2, NH3 = 0.033
6 3.10 x 10-4 m3 7 8.21 x 10-3
8 a volume of CO2 = 57.1 cm , total = 128.5 cm3
3
b volume of CO2 = 200 cm3, total = 350 cm3
c volume of CO2 = 229 cm3, total = 314 cm3
9 2.00 x 10-3 m3 10 1.64 m3
11 a 40, 60 b 40.0, 20.0 c 5.84, 8.76
12 193.5 g 13 9.39 g
14 a 1250 g b i 96% ii reversible, product lost on isolation, other reactions iii 100%
15 a 529 g b 94.5% c 52.9% 16 7
17 a 0.05, 0.05, 1.22 x 10-3 m3, 4.07 g b 1.30 g, 2.77 g

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 20


© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 21
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TASK 18 – Solution calculations
1 a 0.1 b 250 c 0.0025
2 a 0.2 mol dm-3, 7.3 g dm-3 b 2.5 mol dm-3, 245.3 g dm-3 c 0.0525 mol dm-3, 2.10 g dm-3
3 a 0.05 dm3 b 0.001 dm3
4 0.0269 mol dm-3, 4.61 g dm-3 5 0.0752 mol dm-3, 3.01 g dm-3 6 0.00750 dm3
7 0.05000 mol dm-3, 7.10 g dm-3 8 1.13 g 9 79.9 dm3
10 87.8 11 2 12 Ar = 39.1, K

mol NaOH = 1.05 = 0.02625 mol conc = 0.02625 = 0.0525 mol dm-3 ⟹ 2.10 g dm-3
500
40.0 /1000

0.00750 dm3

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 26


© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 27
TASK 19 – Back titration calculations
1 87.7% 2 90.8% 3 0.0500 mol, 4.22 g
4 0.606 g 5 4.68 g

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 28


5 moles HCl to neutralise leftover NaOH =
𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
x 0.250 = 0.0125

moles NaOH that reacts with HCl = 0.0125


𝟏𝟎𝟎
original moles of NaOH added to NH4Cl = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
x 1.00 = 0.100
moles of NaOH that reacted with NH4Cl = 0.100 – 0.0125 = 0.0875
mass of NH4Cl = 0.0875 x 53.5 = 4.68 g

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 29


CHALLENGE 3
1 9.67% 2 A Si2OCl6

0.1407 g
0.1407 x 100 = 9.67%
1.455

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 30


Calculation Allsorts
1 C5H11NO 2 C11H14O2, C11H14O2 3 526 g 4 2.71 g 5 5.00 dm3
6 0.0241 mol dm-3 7 234.9 8 3.21% 9 55.0%
10 10 Al + 6 NH4ClO4 ® 3 N2 + 9 H2O + 6 HCl + 5 Al2O3

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 31


© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 13-June-2024 Chemsheets AS 1027 32

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