VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAM”, BELAGAVI-590018

A DBMS LABORATORY AND MINI PROJECT (BCS403)

REPORT ON

ONLINE BUS RESERVATION SYSTEM

Submitted in Partially fulfillment for the award of Degree
for the Academic Year 2024-2025

Submitted By
Student Name USN No
VARSHA DR 1KS23CS170
VARSHA D BHAT 1KS23CS171
VARSHA SK 1KS23CS172

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Suma Rajesh Ananthakrishna Mrs. Ramya R

Asst. Prof, Dept. Of CSE Asst. Prof, Dept. Of CSE

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

K.S.INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
#14, Raghuvanahalli, Kanakapura Main Road, Bengaluru-560109
 K.S.INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
#14, Raghuvanahalli, Kanakapura Main Road, Bengaluru-560109
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that mini project work entitled “ONLINE BUS
RESERVATION SYSTEM” carried out by VARSHA DR ,VARSHA D
BHAT, VARSHA SK bearing USN
1KS23CS170,1KS23CS171,1KS23CS172 Bonafide student of K.S. Institute
of Technology in the partial fulfilment for the award of the Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2023-24. It is certified
that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The mini
project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of Mini Project work prescribed for the said degree for the 5tth
semester.

Dr. Rekha. B. Venkatapur Dr. Dilip Kumar K

Prof & HOD, CS & E Department Principal/Director, KSIT

Mrs. Suma Rajesh Ananthakrishna Mrs. Ramya R

Asst. Prof, Dept. Of CSE Asst. Prof, Dept. Of CSE

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1.
2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to thank everyone involved in making this project. I would like to
thank the college for providing us an opportunity to work on the project.

I would like to thank the management of K.S.Institute of Technology for providing all the
required resources for the project.

I would like to thank our Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Dr. Rekha B Venkatapur.

I would also like to thank Mrs. Suma Rajesh Ananthakrishna and Mrs. Ramya R
for guiding and supporting me to work on the project.

I also thank all the other teaching and non-teaching staff members for supporting and
cooperating while making the project.

Varsha DR-1KS23CS170

Varsha D Bhat-1KS23CS171

Varsha SK-1KS23CS172
 ABSTRACT

In today’s fast-paced digital world, managing transport services through

traditional, manual processes can be inefficient, error-prone, and time-
consuming. To address these challenges, the Bus Reservation System has been
developed as a comprehensive and user-friendly web application that facilitates
online bus booking, scheduling, and seat reservation. The goal is to streamline
the process for both users and administrators while minimizing dependency on
paper-based systems. This system allows users to search for available buses
based on travel routes, view bus details including timings, fare, and seat
availability, and reserve their seats from the comfort of their homes. Registered
users can log in to book tickets, cancel reservations, and view their booking
history. The system also provides an admin interface for managing bus details,
routes, schedules, and viewing booking records. The application is developed
using Python with Flask as the backend framework and MySQL as the relational
database to store and manage user and bus data. The frontend is built using
HTML and CSS, offering a clean and intuitive user interface. Security features
such as login authentication and session management are implemented to ensure
data privacy and controlled access. This project not only demonstrates key
software development concepts such as CRUD operations, database connectivity,
and client-server interaction but also highlights the benefits of automation in real
world transport systems. By eliminating the need for manual bookings and
reducing human errors, this system provides a scalable and efficient solution for
modernizing bus transport services.
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
• Overview
• Problem statement

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
• Objectives of the system
• Objectives

3. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
• Hardware requirements
• Software requirements

4. DESIGN
• Entity relationship diagram

5. IMPLEMENTATION
• Implementation technology

6. SNAPSHOTS

7. CONCLUSION

8. FUTURE SCOPE AND ENHANCEMENT

9. REFERENCES
 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW

The Online Bus Booking Reservation System is a digital platform that allows
users to book bus tickets via the internet. It provides real-time access to bus
schedules, seat availability, fares, and route information. Users can select their
desired trip, choose seats, and make secure online payments. The system also
generates e-tickets and offers options for booking management, such as
cancellations or changes.

This system improves convenience for passengers and enhances efficiency for
bus operators by automating the booking process and reducing the need for
physical ticket counters.

Key Features:

 User Registration & Login: Secure access for users to manage bookings.
 Route & Schedule Management: Admins can add and update routes,
timings, and bus details.
 Seat Selection: Interactive seating layout to choose preferred seats.
 Online Payment Integration: Enables users to pay through cards, wallets,
or net banking.
 Ticket Generation & Cancellation: Digital ticket generation with options
for cancellation and refund.
 Admin Dashboard: For monitoring bookings, revenue, and system
operations.

Benefits:
 Saves time and reduces the need for physical visits.
 Minimizes human errors and enhances accuracy.
 Provides 24/7 accessibility for users.
 Increases customer satisfaction with user-friendly services.
 Offers analytics and reporting for operators to improve services.
 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

2. The traditional bus booking process often involves long queues, time-
consuming procedures, and limited access to real-time information.
Passengers face difficulties in checking seat availability, bus schedules,
and pricing before making a booking.

3. Moreover, bus operators struggle with inefficient manual management of

bookings, leading to errors, overbookings, and a lack of detailed insights
into operations.

4. This results in a poor customer experience, delays, and operational

inefficiencies. There is a clear need for a digital solution that can
streamline the booking process, improve seat allocation, enable secure
online payments, and provide real-time updates on bus schedules and
availability.

5. The Online Bus Booking Reservation System addresses these issues by

automating the entire ticketing process, ensuring a more user-friendly
experience for passengers and efficient management for bus operators.
 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 OBJECTIVES

The objective of analyzing the Online Bus Booking Reservation System is to

thoroughly understand the functional and non-functional requirements of the
system in order to design an efficient, user-friendly, and scalable platform.

The main objective of system analysis for the Online Bus Booking Reservation
System is to understand and define the system requirements needed to design a
solution that automates the bus ticket booking process. This involves analyzing
user needs, system workflows, and existing problems in manual booking
methods to develop a reliable, efficient, and user-friendly online platform that
supports real-time seat availability, secure payments, and effective management
of routes and schedules.
The analysis aims to:

 Identify and define user needs, including passengers and administrators.

 Determine system functionalities such as seat booking, schedule

management, fare calculation, and payment processing.

 Understand current limitations in manual booking methods and how

automation can resolve them.

 Establish the technical and operational requirements for developing a

reliable and secure system.

 Ensure the system supports real-time updates, minimizes human error, and
enhances overall user satisfaction.
 Hardware Requirements

Component Minimum Requirement

Processor Intel Core i3 or equivalent

RAM 4 GB (8 GB recommended for smooth use)

Hard Disk At least 500 MB of free space

Display 1024x768 resolution or higher

Internet Required only for installation/updating tools (not for local

use)

Software Requirements

Component Specification

Frontend HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript (optional for interactivity)

Database Python with Flask Framework

Backend MySQL

Development Tools VS Code or any Python IDE

Web Server Flask Development Server (or Apache with mod_wsgi

for deployment)

Browser Chrome, Firefox, or any modern browser

Packages flask, mysql-connector-python, jinja2 (used internally)

4.DESIGN
 4.1 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

Entities:

1. User (Passenger)
o Attributes: UserID, Name, Email, PhoneNumber, Password
2. Bus
o Attributes: BusID, BusName, BusType, TotalSeats, DriverName
3. Route
o Attributes: RouteID, Source, Destination, DepartureTime,
ArrivalTime, Fare
4. Booking
o Attributes: BookingID, BookingDate, UserID (FK), BusID (FK),
SeatNumber, TotalFare, PaymentStatus
5. Payment
o Attributes: PaymentID, BookingID (FK), PaymentDate,
PaymentMethod, AmountPaid, PaymentStatus
6. Admin
o Attributes: AdminID, Name, Email, Password
 Relationships:

1. User - Booking:
A user can make multiple bookings, but each booking is made by one user.
o One-to-Many (User to Booking)
2. Bus - Booking:
A bus can have multiple bookings, but each booking is for one bus.
o One-to-Many (Bus to Booking)
3. Route - Bus:
A route can have multiple buses assigned, and each bus follows a specific
route.
o One-to-Many (Route to Bus)
4. Booking - Payment:
A booking is associated with one payment. A payment corresponds to one
booking.
o One-to-One (Booking to Payment)
5. Admin - Bus/Route:
An admin manages multiple buses and routes.
o One-to-Many (Admin to Bus, Admin to Route)
5.IMPLEMENTATION
6.SNAPSHOTS
 8.FUTRE SCOPE

The Online Bus Booking System has great potential for future enhancements to
improve its functionality, user experience, and overall efficiency. Some of the
possible future developments include:

1. Mobile Application Integration

Developing a dedicated mobile app for Android and iOS platforms will
make the system more accessible and user-friendly, allowing users to book
tickets on the go.

2. Real-Time Bus Tracking

Integration with GPS can provide passengers with real-time tracking of
buses, improving transparency and reliability of the service.

3. Online Payment Gateways

Adding secure payment gateways such as UPI, debit/credit cards, and
wallets will enhance convenience for users and make the system fully
cashless.

4. SMS & Email Notifications

Automated notifications for booking confirmations, bus arrivals, delays,
and cancellations can improve communication with passengers.

5. Dynamic Pricing & Offers

Implementation of dynamic pricing based on demand and offering
discounts or promotional codes can help increase customer engagement.

6. Multi-Language Support
Adding regional language options can make the system more inclusive and
user-friendly for people from different linguistic backgrounds.

7. AI-based Recommendations
Using AI to analyze user preferences and travel history to recommend
routes, buses, or travel times for better personalization.
 7.CONCLUSION

The Online Bus Reservation System successfully replaces the traditional manual
ticket booking process with a more efficient and user-friendly digital platform. It
simplifies the tasks of both passengers and bus operators by enabling online
booking, seat selection, and schedule management. The system reduces human
error, saves time, and enhances the overall travel experience. This project
demonstrates how software solutions can improve the transportation sector by
making services more accessible, organized, and reliable.