PRELIM EXAM COVERAGE

History of Civil Engineering

Involves designing, constructing, and maintaining the built environment, including public works
like roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, and more.

- 1747: First dedicated engineering school (National School of Bridges and Highways, France)
opened.

- 1771: John Smeaton founded the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers.

- 1818: Institution of Civil Engineers established in London; received Royal Charter in 1828.

- 1819: Norwich University (U.S.) founded, offering civil engineering education.

- 1835: First U.S. civil engineering degree awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

- 1905: Cornell University awarded the first civil engineering degree to a woman, Nora Stanton
Blatch.

- John Smeaton (first to call himself a civil engineer) founded the Society of Civil Engineers (1771).

- 1846: Pasig River Lighthouse, the first masonry-built lighthouse in the Philippines, was erected.

- 1852: Puente Colgante, the first suspension bridge in Southeast Asia, was completed.

- 2005: PICE challenged provisions of the National Building Code related to architectural documents.

BASIC SKILL OF AN ENGINEER

1. Math Skills: The application of mathematical principles such as calculus and trigonometry to
analyze, design, and troubleshoot engineering projects.

2. Tests of Building Materials: Procedures used to assess the quality and performance of
construction materials like concrete, including tests such as slump, compression, and split tensile
tests.

3. Investigation of Soil: The process of conducting soil tests to evaluate the settlement and stability
of soil at a construction site to ensure safe and stable construction.

4. Surveying Instruments: Tools used to measure and mark locations in construction, including
devices like total stations and theodolites.

5. Standard Codes: National or international guidelines and specifications for construction safety
and quality, such as the NSCP or NBCP, which must be adhered to in construction projects.

6. Bar Bending Schedule: A detailed chart used in civil engineering to outline the dimensions and
configurations of reinforcing bars in concrete structures.

7. Drawing and Design: The creation of detailed diagrams and plans that specify the requirements
and layout of a construction project, which are crucial for project execution.

8. Scheduling: The process of planning and organizing project tasks and timelines to ensure that a
project is completed on time.

9. Cost Control: The management of project expenses to ensure that the project is completed
within the allocated budget.

10. Risk Management: The process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks to avoid potential
problems in a project.
 11. Contract Management: The administration and oversight of contracts to ensure that
procurement and legal terms are properly managed.

12. Critical Thinking: The ability to analyze complex problems and make informed decisions based
on evidence and logical reasoning.

13. Project Recovery: The process of turning around a project that is underperforming or facing
significant issues to get it back on track.

14. Task Management: The organization and delegation of tasks to ensure that all project activities
are completed efficiently.

15. Quality Management: Ensuring that the deliverables meet the required standards and are fit for
their intended purpose.

16. Meetings Management: The ability to effectively conduct and control meetings, ensuring they
are productive and focused on the agenda.

17. Written Communication Skills: The ability to convey information clearly and concisely through
written reports and correspondence.

18. Oral Communication Skills: The capability to effectively listen, speak, and explain information to
others in a clear and understandable manner.

19. Business Case Writing: The skill of preparing a document that outlines the justification for a
project or initiative, including its benefits and costs.

20. Decision-Making: The process of making choices among alternatives to achieve the best
outcomes for a project.

REALITED PROFESSION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. Architectural engineering

An architectural engineering program focuses on the technological and artistic design of buildings,
including acoustics, lighting, plumbing and electrical wiring. In this program, you can learn how to
analyze, plan and design the construction and operation of buildings through courses involving math,
physics and technology. Architectural engineers consider form and function to design an aesthetically
cohesive look while planning how to integrate the necessary technology to accomplish the purpose of
the building. Architectural engineering programs may also involve courses on construction design eras to
teach you how to identify building styles and maintain or update them.

2. Data analytics engineering

A data analytics engineer learns how to collect, analyze and interpret data sets to form predictions and
test design calculations. In a data analytics engineer program, you develop the skills to assess and
identify potential problems and their solutions when creating construction designs or planning building
updates and maintenance.

3. Environmental engineering

An environmental engineer examines the environmental impact of civil developments. They analyze the
construction materials and products for potentially harmful substances to minimize environmental
pollutants during the construction process for the safety of plants, animals and humans.

5. Geotechnical engineering

A geotechnical engineer works with underground structures, including underground transport systems
and large buildings such as skyscrapers that require underground tunneling and stabilization. Through
studying geological sciences, they assess soil and rock formations to determine if the land is safe for
construction projects.

6. Structural engineering
Structural engineers focus on buildings like aqueducts, bridges, dams and tunnels. They also concentrate
on aircraft, machinery, spacecraft and vehicles.

7. Transportation engineering

Transportation engineering focuses on roads, railways, bridges and other travel-based structures.
A transportation engineer studies traffic and finds solutions to traffic problems while predicting areas for
traffic growth and construction development.

8. Wastewater engineering

A wastewater engineer studies residential and commercial wastewater flow to ensure the proper
disposal of wastewater without harming natural water resources.

9. Water resource engineering

Water resource engineers, also known as hydraulic or hydrology engineers, specialize in studying how
large bodies of water can affect structural designs. This can be for creating water management systems
to redirect water or for building surfaces, barriers or facilities that can withstand the force of water.

“PAGSTUDY KANO MGA ARIEKO KA GYABO PKITABANG AKN RKANO SA KHA ENGINEER IYO”