hello

learners!
Categorize the pictures of food as belonging to
GO, GLOW, and GROW.
FOOD GROUPS
 GUIDE QUESTIONS

How were you able to identify the category of each food?

How do you define go, grow, and glow foods?

Find the missing letters to form a word. There will be hints
provided which is somehow related to all your topics for the 1st
to 3rd quarters.

O O E U E
BIOMOLECULES
BIOMOLECULES
BIODIVERSITY
DENSITY
MUTATION
POPULATION
CALCITONIN
PLATE TECTONIC THEORY
HOMEOSTASIS
 BIOMOLECULES

BIO MOLECULES
This prefix originates from the Greek word bios, This term originates from the Latin word
meaning life. In scientific terms, it's commonly molecula, which means a small mass. In
used to refer to living organisms or biological chemistry, it is a group of two or more atoms
processes. held together by attractive forces known as
chemical bonds.

When combining bio and molecule, we get "biomolecule."

This term refers to any molecule that is produced by a
living organism.
If you believe the example below represents a molecule, raise the
green cardboard; if not, raise the red cardboard.

Water (H2O)
If you believe the example below represents a molecule, raise the
green cardboard; if not, raise the red cardboard.

Iron (Fe)
If you believe the example below represents a molecule, raise the
green cardboard; if not, raise the red cardboard.

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

BIOMOLECULES

Food manufacturers indicate

these biomolecules and other
ingredients in a “NUTRITION
FACTS” label. You can view this
label, on the back portion of
any manufactured item.
Examine an image below to deduce a term
representing one of the four main classifications of
biomolecules.

CAR BOO HI DR ATE

CARBOHYDRATE
OBJECTIVES:

Define carbohydrates.

Compare the three classifications of carbohydrates

in terms of their structure and functions.

Illustrate the chemical structure of any carbohydrate

category.
Based on its prefixes and your previous knowledge, evaluate the different
structures and determine to which classification of carbohydrates they
belong.

—Keep one finger raised if you believe

the structure is a monosaccharide, two
fingers raised for a disaccharide, and
three fingers raised for a
polysaccharide.
monosaccharide polysaccharide disaccharide

monosaccharide disaccharide
—Carbohydrates are the major source of
energy for the body (macronutrients)

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

C6H12O6 or Cx(H2O)Y
“watered carbon”
3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF
CARBOHYDRATES

1 Monosaccharide —simplest form of carbohydrates

(building block)

2 Disaccharide
—composed of two monosaccharide
units joined together by a dehydration

3
reaction
Polysaccharide —complex carbohydrates composed of
long chains of monosaccharide units
 Monosaccharide

Glucose Fructose Galactose

• The body’s primary fuel, • Naturally occurring • It plays a role in various
and is a type of sugar you sugar found in fruits, biological processes, including
get from the foods you honey, and some the synthesis of certain
eat. vegetables. molecules like glycoproteins
• Easily absorbed into the • Sweeter taste compared and glycolipids. It can be
bloodstream and utilized to glucose. found in dairy products and
by cells for energy. some fruits such as avocado.
aldose aldose ketose
Monosaccharide

Galactose Fructose Glucose

Let’s Check!
 Disaccharide
—often called a double sugar, is a molecule formed by two
monosaccharides and can be expressed by the formula
C12H22O11

Disaccharides can be formed by:

a. Dehydration Reaction
b. Hydrolysis Reaction
Disaccharide

a. Dehydration Reaction b. Hydrolysis Reaction

two monosaccharides A disaccharide breaks down into
combine, releasing a water its constituent monosaccharides
molecule, to form a through the addition of a water
disaccharide. molecule.
Disaccharide

Sucrose Lactose Maltose

(Glucose-Fructose) (Galactose-Glucose) (Glucose-Glucose)
• can be obtained from • naturally found in milk • can be found in plants
plants such as sugar and dairy products such and plant products such
cane. as cheese. as cereals, some fruits
and sweet potato.
Disaccharide

Galactose + Glucose = Lactose

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Let’s Check!
Polysaccharide

Starch
• Starch is a complex carbohydrate found in plants, composed of long chains
of glucose molecules.
• It serves as a storage form of energy in plants, particularly in seeds, tubers,
and roots.
• Starch can be broken down into glucose molecules through digestion,
providing a source of energy for animals and humans.
Polysaccharide

Glycogen
• It is the main storage form of glucose in animals, primarily stored in the liver
and muscles.
• Glycogen serves as a readily available source of energy, particularly during
times of increased energy demand, such as exercise or fasting.
Polysaccharide

Cellulose
• Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants.
• Cellulose provides structural support to plant cells and tissues, contributing
to the rigidity and strength of plant cell walls.
Polysaccharide

Column A Column B
1. Commonly found in plants and A. Glycogen
serves as a storage form of energy.

2. Primary storage form of glucose

B. Starch
in animals, particularly in liver and
muscle cells.
C. Cellulose
3. Major structural component of
plant cell walls and provides
structural support to plants.

Let’s Check!
LET’S
ELABORATE

Exploring Carbohydrates Impacts

1 Athlete's Energy Management

2 Carbohydrates and Mental Health

3 Carbohydrates in Infant Nutrition
4 Carbohydrates and Dental Health

5 Carbohydrates and Sleep Quality

LET’S ELABORATE

A professional
3 5 A working

1
A dentist notices an
athlete A college student professional
increase in cavities
experiences experiences mood struggles with
Discuss the among patients
fluctuations in swings and difficulty insomnia and

2
importance of with high-sugar
energy levels concentrating erratic sleep
diets. Educate

4
carbohydrates in
during training during exam patterns. Explore
infant nutrition, patients on the
and periods. Explore the the impact of
particularly the relationship
competitions. link between carbohydrate
role of breast between sugar
Investigate how carbohydrate consumption on
milk and formula consumption, oral
carbohydrate consumption, sleep quality,
in providing bacteria growth,
intake and serotonin circadian rhythm
essential sugars and dental caries,
glycogen production, and regulation, and
for growth and emphasizing the
storage affect mood regulation, bedtime snack
development. importance of oral
athletic suggesting balanced choices to
hygiene and sugar
performance meals to support promote restful
moderation.
and recovery. cognitive function. sleep.
LET’S ELABORATE
WRAP
UP

Grocery Time!

Group 1 Monosaccharides
Group 2 Disaccharides
Group 3 Polysaccharides
LET’S
EVALUATE

Work in pairs to answer

the 3-minute test.
ASSIGNMENT

List 10 foods containing

carbohydrates and categorize them
according to their respective
carbohydrate classifications.
Thank
you!