EXERCISE 1

1. Find the value of k for which the following system of

equation has infinitely many solutions:
(k- 1)x + 3y = 7
(k+ 1)x + 6y = (5k - 1)
Find the value of a and b for which the following
2.
Fnear equations has infinite number of
system of
solutions:
2x- 3y=7
4a + b
(2 + b) x- (a + b- 3)y =
the following system of
3. Find the values of k for which
equations has no solution:
x+ 2y = 3
(k - 1) x + (k + 1) y = kt 2
of
4. The following system of equation has infinitely no.
solution:
() 2x + 3 = 7 and
(p +q)x + (2p - q)y
= 3(p + q + 1), find p and q.
(ii) 2x + 3y = 7 and
(p +)x + (2p - q)y
= 21,find pand q.
(u)(2x - y) = 5and
(a- 2b)x - (a + b)y
 =15, find a and b.
5. Find the value of k for which the pair of linear
equations kx + 3y = k- 2 and 12 x + ky = k
has no solution.
6. Find the value of m for which the pair of linear
equations 2x + 3y-7= o
0and (m - 1)x + (m + 1) y = (3m -1) has
infinitely many solutions.
7. For what value of p will the following pair of linear
equations have infinitely many solutions?
(p- 3)x + 3y = p; px + py = 12
8. Determine the value of k for which the following
system of linear equations has infinite number of
solutions:

(k- 3)x + 3y = k, kx + ky = 12ote

9. Find the values of a and b for which the following
pair of linear equation ahs infinitely many solutions:
2x + 3y = 7; (a + b)x + (2a - b)y = 21
10. For what value of p will the following system of
equations have no solution?ot lu tag
(a) (2p - 1) x + (p - 1) y= 2p + 1; y+ 3x-1 =
0

METHODS TO sOLVE PAIR OF LINEAR

EQUATION IN TWo VARIABLES
GRAPHICAL METHOD:

The graph of linear equation is astraight line. If we plot

the graph (straight line) of two equations in asingle graph
then two straight lines may intersect, coincide or
parallel to each other.
 EXERCISE -2=
1. Solve the following pair of equations graphicaly:
3x - y = 7and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0
2. Draw the graph of 2x + y =6 and 2x-y +2 =0.
Shade the region bounded by these lines and x- axis.
Find the area of the shaded region.
3. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically:
2x + 3y= 12, 2y-1 =x.
 Determine the coordinates of the vertices of ha
triangle omed by the lines represented by these
equations with the x axis.
4 Draw the graphs of the following pair of linear
equations 4x- 3y-6 0; x+3y- 9 0
Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the
triangle fomed by these lines represented by these
equations and they- axis.
5. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically:
*+ 3y 6,2r 3y 12. Also, shade the region
bounded by the line 2r- 3y 12 and both the
Coordinate axes.
6. On the graph paper, draw the lines given by the
following equations: x-y= 0; x+ y 0 and 2x +
3y = 6.then shade the triangle formed by these lines.
Also find its area.
7. Find graphically, the vertices of the triangle whose
sides have the equations; 2y- x =8, 5y - x = 14
and 2x-y=-1.
8. Draw the graph of the following equations:
2x- 3y +6 = 0; 2x + 3y- 18 = 0; y -2 = 0
Find the vertices of the triangle so obtained. Also, find
the area of the triangle.
9. Determine graphically the coordinates of the vertices
of a triangle, the equations of whose sides are:
)y = x,y = 2x and y + x 6
() y = x, 3y =x andx + y 8
10.Draw the graphs of the following equations on the
same graph paper
2x + y= 2; 2x +y=6
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the trapezium
formed by these lines. Also, find the area of the
trapezium so formed.
 =EXERCISE -3
1. Solve the following system of equation by method of
substitution:

)x + 2y =-1; 2x- 3y = 12
(i) 3x + 3y = 7; 6x + 9y = 11
(ül) 0.5 x + 0.8 y = 3.4; 0.6 x 0.3 y = 0

(iv) V2 x + v3y =0; V3x V8y0

=0 b
(v)7 (y + 3)- 2(* + 2) = 14; 4(y - 2) + 3(*-3) =2
(vi) x+ y= a- b; ax- by= a'+ b?
i i ) + = 8: 3 + y+1
( v x+1 2
= 9
23

(viil) (a + b)x + (a - b) y
= a'+ b2; (a-b) x+ (a+ b)y
= a'+b2

(ix) ax + by = a - b; bx - ay = a + b
 =EXERCISE - 4
1. Solve the following pair of linear equation in two
variables by elimination method:
()15 x + 4y = 61; 4x + 15y = 72
(W) 17 x+ 12y =-2; 15 x+ 8y = 6
() 1-15, +=15
(v) 0.4x + 3y = 1.2;, 7x-2y =
(v) (a+ 2b)x + (2a - b)y = 2;(a- 2b)x + (2a + b)y = 3
(w=2, -=4
 =EXERCISE - 5
1. Solve the following pair of linear equation in two
variables by cross multiplication method:
(0) 2x + y - 35 =0; 3x + 4y - 65 = 0
(ii) x + 4y + 9 = 0; 3y = 5x - 1
(i) 4x - 0.5 y = 12.5; 3x + 0.8y = 8.2
dË+=a+b; b2 2
(iv) - y = a+ b; x + y = a t b
(V+=2;-= 4
(vi)ax + by = 1;bx + av = (a+8)²
a + 2 1

(vi) (a b) x +(a +b)y= al - 2ab - b: (a +b) (* +y) =a2

(vi) ax +by bx+ ay =1+c

Soving pair of linear equation of the form
coefficient interchange.
Consider the following pair of linear equations
ax + by= c.. (1)
bx + ay = d.. (2)
Step 1: Add &subtract the equation (1) &equation (2)
ax + bx + by + ay = c + d
(a + b)x + (a + b)y = c + d
c+d
x +y = a + * (3)

&ax- bx + by- ay = c- d
(a-b)x + (b- a)y = c- d(a- b)x - (a- b)y = c-d
c+d
a- ** **.(4)

Step 2: Add & subtract equation (3) & (4) to get

the
values off x and y.
Illustration 8:
Solve: 217 x + 131 y = 913 .........(1)
131 x + 217 y = 827 (2)
Equation (1) + equation (2)
217 x + 131 x + 131 y + 217 y= 913 + 827
348 x + 348 y = 1740
1740
x+ y= 348
= 5 ..... (3)
Equation (1) - equation (2)
217 x- 131 y + 131 y- 217 y = 913 - 827
86 x-86 y = 86
X- y = 1 (4)
Equation (3) + equation (4)
2x = 6, x = 3
Equation (3) - equation (4)
2y =4, y=2
EXERCISE- 6
1. Solve the folowing pair of linear equation
in wo
variables for xand y:
) 47 x+ 31y = 63; 31x +
() 99 x + 101 y= 499; 101 47y =15
x + 99 y = 501.
(i) 149 x- 330y=-511; -330 x + 149 y =
-32
(iv) 37 x+ 43 y = 123; 43 x + 37y =117
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
 Invictus 19

(v) 631 x + 279 y=910; 279 x + 631 y = 910 (v) 4x + 5y + 7z = 41,8x- 3y - 9z = 17,3x + 4y +
Solving linear equation in three variables: 20z
Consider three linear equation in three variables Equation Reducible to a pair of linear Equation in
a, x+ b,y +=d, s (1) a,x + b,y + Two variables

=d, (2) This type can be clear by following lustration:

Solve the following pair of linear equation in two variables
Step 1: Take any one of these three equations & obtain 23
-+-= 13 ............ (1)
x y
the value of one variable (say z) in terms of other variable
5 4
(say x & y). - = 2... ..... ..2)
x y
Step 2: Substitute this value of z in other two equation & These equations are not linear but can be reduced to
we get another two linear equation in two variables. linear form by making some suitable substitutions.
Step 3: Solve the linear equation in two variables Equations can be written as
obtained in step 2 by any one of the three methods.
Step 4: Put the value of two variables obtained in step 2) +3() =13
3 in any of the three equation & we get the third variable. 4)-+G) =2
Illustration 9: Solve: x -y + z = 4 .........(1)
x+y + z= 2 .......(2) Lot=u&=v
2x + y- 3z =0 ...(3) 2u + 3v = 13 ......(3)
Equation (1) can be written as 5u - 4v = -2 ... ... (4)
z = 4 t y- x
On solving equation (3) &equation (4) by any one of the
Put the value of z in equation (2) and (3) three we get u = 2&v = 3

x+y + 4 + y- x = 2
2y + 4 = 2 =3
2y =-2, y = -1
&from equation (3)
2x + y-3(4 + y- x) = 0
2x + y- 12 - 3y + 3x = 0 =EXERCISE- 8
5x- 2y = 12 1. Solve the following system of equation by reducing to
*y=-1 linear equations:
5z- 2(-1) = 12 ’ 5x + 2 = 12 = 14
() 4x + y
= 15; 6x y
5z = 10, x=2
(i) 3(2u + )= 7uv; 3(u + 3v) = 11 uv
Put the value of x &y in equation (1) 1 12
+ 4
2- (-1) + z= 4 () 2(2x+3y) 7(3x-2y) 2 2x+3y 3x-2y
(iv) 2(3u ) = Suv; 2(u + 3v) = Suv
2+1+ z= 4
34 Z= 4 z=1

(I) 10=
y *y 4; x+y
EXERCISE-7= 15 S_=-2
X-y

1. Solve the following pair of linear equation. (vi)

a'b
x y x y
) x +y=4; y+ z=1,z t x=1
(ü) z + y+ z+ 9; 2y- z = 2; z-X= 2 (vil) =3 ; S
(i) x + y+ z= 9; 2y - z 2; Z- x =2 y-1 2' x*1 yl
(iv) 2x + 3y + 4z = 2; x-y -Z = -4,5x-y + 3z =12 (x) =2 ; 6

MATHEMATICS LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

 20

WInvickus 21

WORD PROBLEMS
kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the
23. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, denominator are increased by 3, they are in the ratio
charge for each extra day?
APPLICATION TO PROBLEMs BASED ON
APPLICATIONS TO PROBLEMS BASED nine times this number is twice the number obtained 2:3. Determine the fraction?
ARTICLES AND THEIRCOSTS 33. The sum of the numerator and denoninator of a
1. 37 pens and 53 pencils together cost Rs 320. While ON NUMBERS by reversing the order of the digits. Find the nurnber?
fracion is 3 less than bwice the denominator. If the
11. Sum of two numbers is 35 and their difference is 13 24. Seven times a two digit no is equal to 4 tirmes the
53 pens and 37 pencils together cost Rs 400. Find numerator and denominator are decreased by 1, the
the cost of a pen and that of a pencil.
Find the numbers? number obtained by reversing the digits. If the
numerator becomes half the denominator. Determine
12. In a two digit number, the ten's digit is three times the difference between the digit is 3, Find the number?
2. A and B each have certain number of oranges. A
unit's digit. When the number is decreased by 54, the APPLICATION TO PROBLEMS BASED ON the fraction?
says to B, "f you give me 10 of your oranges, I will 34. The sum of he numerator and denominator of a
digits are reversed. Find the number?
have twice the number of oranges left with you. B FRACTION
fracion is 12 If the denominator is increased by 3,
13. The sum of a two digit number and the number 25. A fraction is such that if the numerator is multiplied by
replies, if you give me 10 of your oranges, I will the fraction becomes 1/2. Find the fraction?
have the same number of oranges as left with you." obtained by reversing the order of its digit is 121, and 3and the denorminator is reduced by 3, we get 18/11, APPLICATION TO PROBLEMS ON AGES
find the number of oranges with A and B separately. the two digits differ by 3. Find the number? but if the numerator is increased by 8 and the 35. am three times as oid as my son. Five year later, I
3. A man has only 20 paisa coins and 25 paisa coins in 14. The sum of a two digit number and the number denominator is doubled, we get 2/5 Find the fraction?
shall be bwo anda haif imes as old as my son. How
his purse. if he has 50 coins in all totaling Rs. 11.25, formed by inter changing the digit is 132. If 2 is added 26. The denominator of a fraction is 4 more the twice the
old Iand how oid is my son?
how many coins of each kind does he have? to the number, the new number becomes 5 times the numerator. When both the numerator and
36. Aand Bare friends and their ages differ by 2years.
4. 5 pens and 6 pencils together cost Rs 9 and 3 pens sum of the digits. Find the number? denominator are decreased by 6, then the
A's father Dis bica as olid as Aand B is twica as old
and 2 pencils cost Rs 5. Find the cost of 1 pen and 1 15. The sum of a two digit number and the number denominator becomes 12 times the numerator.
as his sister C The age of DandC differ by 40
pencil obtained by reversing the order of its digits is 165. If Determine the fraction?
years. Find the age of A and B2
less than the
5. Reena has pens and pencils which together are 40 in the digits differ by 3, find the number? 27. The numerator of a fraction is 4
denominator. If the numerator is decreased by 2 and 37. Ten year ago, father was tbvelve times as old as his
number. f she has 5 more pencils and 5 less pens, 16. If three times the larger of the two numbers is divided
son and 10 years henca, he wll be bwice as old as
then number of penciis wouid become 4 times the by the smaller one, we get 4 a quotient and 3 as the denominator is increase by 1, then the denominator
his son will be. Find their present ages?
fraction?
number of pens. Find the original number of pens remainder. Also, if seven times the smaller number is is eight times the numerator. Find the
to both 38. Five years hence father's age wil be three times the
and pencils. divided by the larger one, we get 5 as quotient and 1 28. A fraction becomes 9/11 if 2 is added
age of his son. Five years ago, father was seven
6. 5 books and 7 pens together cost Rs 79 where as 7 as remainder. Find the number? numerator and the denominator. If3 is added to both times as old as his son Find heir present ages?
5/6.
books and 5 pens together cost Rs. 77. Find the total 17. The sum of two numbers is 18. If their sum is four the numerator and the denominator it becomes
39. A father is three times as oid as his son. After bwelve
cost of 1 book and 2 pens. times their difference, find the number? Find the fraction?
years, his age will be baice as that of his son then,
7. On selling a TV. at 5%. Gain and a fridge at 10% 18. The sum of digits of a two digit number is 15. The
find their present ages?
gain, a shopkeeper gains Rs 2000. But if he sells the number obtained by reversing the order of digits of 29. A fraction becomes 1/3 if 1 is subtracted from both its
40. A is elder to Bby 2years. As atherFis bwice as old
TV. at 10% gain and the fridge at 5% loss. He gains the given number exceeds the given number by 9. numerator and denominator. If 1 is added to both the
numerator and denominator, it becomes 1/2. Find the as A and B is bwice as aid as his sister S. If the ages
Rs 1500 on the transaction. Find the actual prices of Find the given number?
TV. and fridge. of the father and sister difter by 40 years. Find the
19. The sum of a two-digit number and the number fraction?
age of A?
8. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls formed by reversing the order of digit is 66, if two 30. If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the
for Rs 3800. Later, he buys 3 bats and 5 balis for Rs denominator, a fraction becomes 1. It also becomes 41. Ten years ago, a father was twelve times as old as
digits differ by 2, find the number. How many such
his son and ten years hence, he will be bwice as old
1750. Find the cost of each bat and each bal? numbers are there? 1/2. If we only add 1 to the denominator what is the as his son will be hen. Find their present ages.?
9. One says, "Give me a hundred. friend! I shall then 20. The sum of a two digit number fraction?
and the number 42. The presant age of a father is 3years more than
become twice as rich as you the other replies, "lf you obtained by reversing the order of its digit is 99. If the 31. When 3 is added to the denominator and 2 is three times the ago of the son. Three years hence
give me ten, Ishall be six tines as rich as you" Tel subtracted from the numerator a fraction becomes
digits differ by 3 find the number? father's age wil be 10 years more than twice the age
me what the amount of their respective capital is? 21. A two- digit nurnber is 3 more than 4 1/4. And, when 6 is added to numerator and
times the sum of of the son Detarnine their prasent ages?
10. A lending library has fixed charges for
the
first three its digits. If 8 is added to the denominator is multiplied by 3, it becomes 2/3. Find
days and an additional charge for number, the digits are 43. Fathar's age is three time the sum of ages of his two
each day reversed. Find the number. the fraction?
children After 5 years his age will be twice the sum
thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book kept for 22. Atwo digit number is 4 times 32. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a
seven days, while Susy paid Rs 21 for the the sum of its digits and fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. If the of ages of bwo children. Find the age of father?
book she twice the product of the digits. Find the
number? numerator and denominator are increased and
MATHEMATICS LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES MATHEMATICS