LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE

WISE UP
Equation:An cquation is a statement of equality of two algehraic expressions involviny,.
morc unknown quant1tics, called the variables.

LINEAR EQUATION
An cquation in which the highest index of the variables present is one is called a linear e
Ex x+yz=1
Linear Equation in one variable : Linear equation which involves in one variable is called
cquation in one variable 'or' simple equation'
Ex: 3x -5= x +2
Note : ax + b=0 is the general form of linear equation in one variable, where a(,0).6 ar,
numbers.
Solution of a linear equation : The value of the variable (unknown) which when substitute
the variable makes both sides of the gjven equation equal. This value is called a solution
cquation. It is also known as a root of the equation.
For examnple, x =3 is the solution of the equation 3x + 11 = 20
Because LH.S =3x3+ 11 =9+ 1| =20 = R.H.S
Linear equations in two variables : An equation of the form ax + by + c=0. where a.b.c
nurnbers is called linear equation in two variables x and y, where a 0, b 0. ar:
Ex: 2x + 3y =9
Ordered pairs : Listing the two components in the specified order,
and enclosing the pair in parenthesis ( ), is called an ordered pair. separating them by a cor
Ordered pair of a and b is written as (a,b), where 'a' is called the first
and 'b' is called the second element or second element or first comp
component.
Note : I Ordered pair of aand b is not the same as ordered pair of b
and a i.e. (a,b) (ba) if 2
2)(a,b) = (b,a) ’ a=b;similarly (a,b) = (c.d) a=c,b=d.
SOLUTION OF A LNEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES
Let the linear equation be ax + by + c= 0, a 0, b+ 0.
satisfies(i.e. makes L.H.S = R.H.S) the equation ax + byThen any pair of values of x and y w
+ c =0 is called its solution.
Example : The solution of 2x +y =7 is x =2, y=3
Because LH.S = 2(2)+3 =7,R.H.S =7
LH.S = R.H.S
Solution (x.y) = (2,3)
Note : I) Any ordered pair of values which satisfies the
2) A Iincar
equation is called a solution of 1
x C l a s s C B S E
Mathermatics Partt
thee uolutns
Lthis uon are (9.19),(28(8 2L L01 ie The vet of all
alkd uth n set. wTitten as

cquatson inf o
iraph oa linear equation in fwo tariables In order to draw tthe graph of alincar
anahlc e mav folow the following metho
ExreI in term ofA
(hNeat least tw' convenient values of and fnd the correspond1ng valucs of y atteyns
the given equatn
Wnte down thesc valucs of and y n the form of a table
Por the orderd paut i,) from the table on agraph paper
d1rectons Thas linc 1s praph of the
Jun the n b) a straight line and etend it un both the
given cquaton
\ote:11 Equaton of aIs, 1N V=0

2Equation ot y -aNis, 1S \=0

Any line parallel to x - axis iS, y = k units (k is any real numner
4 Any lne parallel to v - ais IS, N= kunits

EXERCISE: 4.1 & 4.2

1 Express 5r =-y in the form of ax + by +c=0

Sol Given 5= -y

5\- 1y =0
ax b y +c=0

Where a =5:b= l and c =

0
of a, b andc
the form ax + by + c=0 and indicate the values
Express 2x +3y = 9.35 in
Sol. GIven
2x-3y = 9. 35
2+3y - 9.35 =0
+c=0
ax + by

So. a =2. b= 3. c =-9.35 the values of a.b and

e
+c=0and indicate
the form ax + by
3 Express y-2 = 0in
Sol. Given
S-2=0

0.x + l.y-2=0
ax + by + c= 0
S0. a =0, b= 1.c=-2 59
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 Class
Mathematics Part by+ea0 by using the
given values of ab
form ax +
equationinthe 5;b=0;c= 7
4. Frame alinear ii) a
Da-2; b3;e 4 a= -2, b=3, c= 4, we get 2x +3y +
0 putting
equation ax +by t
Sol. ) The given
the required linear
cquation
=0, c =7, we get 5x +0.y +1.
putting a = 5, b:
Whihis
+ by +c= )
) The gven cquation ax
Sx+7= ()
equation.
This is the required lincar pif its one solution is x =2, y =1
the equation 3x +4y =
5. Find the value of prom
Sol. Given cquation
3x + 4y = p ’ ()
Substistuting x= 2. y= Iin cq (), we get
3(2)+ 4()=p
p=6+4

p= l0

6 Write four solutions of 2x +y=7

Sol. Given equation
2x + y =7
’ y=7-2x

Put x = 0 then y=7-2 (0)

=7-0

=7’ (0,7) is asolution

Put x= 1then y=7-2 (1)
=7-2

=5 (I,5) is a solution
Put x =- Ithe y=7-2(-1)
=7+2
=9 ’ -1,9) is asolution
Put x = 2then y=7- 2(2)
=7-4
=3 ’ (2, 3) is a solution
The four solutions of the
given equation are
(0,7) (1, 5) (-1,9) (2,3)
IX Class CBSE
Mathematics Part

ANALYSE AND APPLY

Express the following linear equations in the frmas s s &cs0 snd ncte the
in cah case value
Solve

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Find the valuc of k. if x= 3.y =2 is a solution of 4x + 3y = k
Check out which of the following cquation have x=2. y = I is a solution
) 5x-V=4 ii) x-5y =4 ii) 5x + 2y = 13
Express the following linear equations in the form ax +by +c=0 and indicate the values of a b and
c in cach case :

i)\=3y ii)-2x +3y =6 ii),+2y =10

4 Wite four solutions for each of the following equations.
1)v=9 i) x = 4y iii) 2x -y= 10

ANALYSE AND APPLY

Solve :

)Ifx = -1.y= 2is a solution of the equation 3x +4y =k, find the value of k

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Mathematics Part-I XClas
cost of ballpen is 5 less than half of the cost of fountain pen. rite this os
) The
linear cquat1on in two variables

ANALYSE AND ASSESS)

Draw the graphs of the following lincar cquations
i)x- 2=)

iü) 2x +4 = ly 2

L OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice questions:
1f (4. 19)Is a
a) 3
solution of the cquationya3. then
b)4 a
If (a 4) hes on
thc graph of d) 6
a) 3 3x= 10, then the valuc
of a iS
How many lincat C)2
a) only onc cquations ate satisfied by x d)4
b) two =2 and y=37
62 C) three
d) infinutely a
Varsity Educatin
 Class - CBSE
IX
0s a solution of the lincat
cquation
1 = 2 . y = - |

a)x +2y =0 b) x + 2y=4 c) 2x + y =0 d) 2x +y=5

w(k -1. k) Is a solutton of the cquation 10x9y 12, then k:
a)l b) 2 c) d) 4

The distace between the graph of the equations x = 3 and x =2 is

b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

The point of the tormm (a,a ) always lies on

a)Naxis
b) y-axis c) on the linc y = x d) on the line x + y=0

The cquation of the X-axis is of the form

a)x=0 b) y= 0 c)x+ y= 0 d) x =y

The graph of y=6 is a line

a Parallel to x-axis at adistance 6units from the origin.
h narallel to y-axis at adistance 6 units form the orign.
c) making an intercept 6 on the x-axis.
d) making an intercept 6 on both the axes.
10 The graph of the linear equation 2x + 3y = 6 cuts the y-axis at the point
b) (0,3) c) (3,0) d) (0,2)
a) (2. 0)
+c=0 where
I A linear equation in two variable x and y is in the form ax + by d) a=0, c=0
0 b) a = 0, b= 0 c)a =0, b 0
a) a z 0, b z
2?
12 How many linear equations in x andy can be satisfied by x= land y= d) three
a) only one b) two c) infinitely many
[
13. The equation x =5 in two variables can be written as
b) 0.x + 1.y=5 c) 0.x +0.y=5 d) l.x + 0.y = 5
a) I. x+ 1.y = 5
14. The linear equation 2x- 5y =7 has
b) two solutions
a) a unique solution
d) no solution
c) infinitely many solutions
y = 4 is
15. Among the following which is not a solution of 2x+ d) (2,-1)
a) (0,4) b) (1,2) c)(2,0)
+ 3y =k, then the value of k is
16. If (2.0), is a solution of the linear equation 2x
b) 5 c)3 d) 2
a) 4
a=
7. If(5.6) is a solution of the equation y = ax + 3, then
6
3 4
c) 5 d)
b);
18. If(5, k) is a solution of the equation x +y=4, thenk= d) 4
a) 1 b) 2 c)-1
the point is
2 Ihe two lines x=5 and y=6intersect at
b) (5, 6) c) (0, 0) d) (-5, 6)
a) (6,5)

63
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 nematics Part- 1
20
Which of the following is not a
a)(1.5) solution of the equation 2x +y
b)3,1) =7?
I. c)(0.3) d) (0. 7)
Assess the following.
1. If (2.4) is a solution of
the linear cquation x+ y
=k. then the value ofkis
The equation 2x+5y =7
has aunique solution. if
3 x, y are
X=5.v=-2 is asolution of the linear
4. Let y varies directly as x. If
equations is
v= 48, when x= 8. then the
5. If the graph of the cquation linear equati0n 1s
4x + 3y = 12 cuts the
right triangle AOB is of length coordinates axes at Aand B. then hv
is
6
The graph of the linear equation
y = x passes through the
7. If we multiply or divided point is
both sides of a linear equation
of the linear equation is with non - zero number. then the
8. If a linear equation has
solutions (- 2. 2), (0, 0) and (3. - 3). then it
9 is of the form is
If the line represented by the
equation 3x+ ay= 8 passes through the
of a is points (2.2). thet
10 Age of 'x' exceeds age 'y' by5 years.
Express this statement as a linear equation
III. Very short answer
questions :
1. Write the equation 3x =7 in two variables x
and y.
2 Express variable y in terms of x, in the equation
3x y=5.
3 Check, whether x =| and y =-3is a solution of
2x - 5v= 17
4 Find the value of m, if x =- I and y
=2 is a solution of x+ 5v= 3m
Write an equation (linear) in two variables
to represent the statement: The
one-fourth the cost price of a pen. cost pnce of 4
6 If (0. p) is a solution of the
equation 5x- 3y=0, then find the value
of p.
7 Express 5 = 2x in the form of ax + by + c=0
and indicate the values of a. b and c.
8. The cost of a note book s twice
the cost of a pen. Write a linear
represent this statement. equation in two \a
9 Express y in terms of x from the equation 3x
+ 2 y= 8 and check whether
the line. the point (.
10 Bind the coordinates of the
points where the lines 2x - y =3
meets both the axis.
 IX Class CBSE
Mathematics Part-I
Case Study Questions :

Gardening
Gardening may be fun and relaxing
way to gct in touch with that it also has
plenty of health benefits ? Gardening is an activity nature,, but did you know
thats good Ifor both mind and body and can be
enjoyed by people of all aages. According to Centres for
of moderate actuvity cach week can help reduce the risk discase control and prevention just 2.5 hours
of many health problems including health
disease, stirke, high blood pressure and type-2 diabetes. Seema has
house with the dimensions x and yas length and breadth respectivelyprepared a Garden in Tront o
such that half the perimeter ol
rectangular garden is 36 m. On the base of infomation answer the following questions.
al According to above information, find the linear equation.
b The two solutions for this equation would be
C) Does the graph passes through origin ?
d Which point lie on the graph ?
KEY
Multiple Choice Questions :
1)b 2) c 3) d 4) a 5) b 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) d

11) a 12) c 13) d 14) c 15) d 16) a 17) a 18) c 19) b 20) c

II. Assess the following :

1)6 2) Natural numbers 3) (5,2) 4) y = 6x
5) 5 units 6) (0, 0) 7) Straight line 8) x+y=0
9) 1 10) x -y- 5 =0
III. Very Short Answer questions :
3) Yes (1 ,-3) is a solution of 2x - 5y = 17
1)3x+ 0.y=7 2) y = 3x -5
4) m=3
=0, where x represents the cost price of pen and y represents the cost of price of pencil
5) x-4y
b=0,c=-5
6) p=0 7) a = 2,
cost of notebook
the cost of apen y represents the
8) 2x - y=0, where x represents
and (0, -3)
y=x+4,
-3
yes the point (4, -2) lies on the line.
9)
V. Case Study Questions : d) (10, 26)
0) c) No
a) x +y= 36 b) (0.. 36) and (36,

65
 Mathematics PartI IX Class
COMPETITION CORNER FOR OLYMPIADS
The lincar cquation iy-5=0, represented as ax + by +c =0, has
a)a unique solution b) infinitely many solutions
c) two solutions
d) no solution
2
I=5.y=-2isa solution of the of the lincar equation
a) 2+y =9 b) 2x -y = 12 c) x+3y =l d) x+3y =0
Ley y anes d1rectlv as x. If y = 24, when x= 8, then the linear equation is
b)y =x c) y = 4x d) y= 3x
4
If point (3.0) lies on the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = k, then
a)6
the value of kis
b) 3 c) 2 d) 5
The graph of the linear equation 3x +5y = 15 cuts the x-axis
a)(5.0) at the point
b) (3.0) c) (0, 5)
6 d) (0, 3)
The linear equation 2x - Sy =7has
a) a unique solution
b) two solutions
c) infinitely many solutions d) no solution
Any solution of the linear equation 2x +0y +9=0
in two variables is of the form

d) (-9, 0)
If a linear equation has solutions
(-2,2). (0,0) and (2, -2), then it is of the form
a) y- x= 0 b) x +y=0 [
c)-2x +y=0 d) -x + 2y =0
9. The linear equation 2x +cy =8 has equal
values of x and y for its solution when c is
8+2x equal to
a
8-2x
.yz0 b y0 c) - 8 r d) 2+8r
yz0
10 Assertion (A):The graph of the linear
equation 4x + 3y = 24 meets X-axis at (-6,0).
Reason (R): Points on x-axis are of the form
(a, 0), where a is a variable.
a) Both Aand R are correct and
Ris correct explanation to A
b) Both A and R are correct and
R is not correct explanation
c) A is true, R is false to A
d) A is false, R is true

KEY
1) b 2) b 3) d 4) a 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) d
X Class-CBSE Mathematics Part

QUICK REVIEW
in this chapter, you have studied the following points :
An equation of the fom ax +by +c=0, where a. b and care real nurnbers, such that a and b are
both zero. is called a lincar equation in two variables.
Alinear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions.
The graph of every lnear equation in two variables isa straight line.
r=0is the equation of the y axis and y =0is the equation of the x -axis.
The graph of x= a is a straight line parallel to the y-axis.
The graph of y =a is a straight line parallel to the x-axis.
An equation of the type y = mx representsa line passing through the origin.
a solution of the linear equation..
8. Every point on the graph of a linear equation in two variables isgraph of the linear equation.
Moreover, every solution of the linear equation is a point on the