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Mass Transfer-I PCC105: Department of Chemical Engineering DDU Nadiad

The document discusses mass transfer in the context of boundary-layer flow over a flat plate, detailing how fluid velocity profiles develop and the factors affecting mass transfer of species A into fluid B. It explains the formation of a velocity boundary-layer and the equations governing laminar flow, referencing the work of Blasius and Schlichting. Additionally, it highlights the relationship between drag and Reynolds number, along with the conditions under which these principles apply.

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3 views14 pages

Mass Transfer-I PCC105: Department of Chemical Engineering DDU Nadiad

The document discusses mass transfer in the context of boundary-layer flow over a flat plate, detailing how fluid velocity profiles develop and the factors affecting mass transfer of species A into fluid B. It explains the formation of a velocity boundary-layer and the equations governing laminar flow, referencing the work of Blasius and Schlichting. Additionally, it highlights the relationship between drag and Reynolds number, along with the conditions under which these principles apply.

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patelrudra08472
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Mass Transfer-I

Introduction
Lecture 7
PCC105
Dr. Hemant Kumar
Department of Chemical Engineering
DDU Nadiad

9/21/2020 Mass transfer-I Dr Hemant Kumar 1


Boundary-Layer Flow on a Flat Plate
Consider the flow of a fluid (B) over a thin, flat plate parallel with
the direction of flow of the fluid upstream of the plate, as shown in
Figure
A number of possibilities for mass transfer of another species, A,
into B exist:
(1) The plate might consist of material A, which is slightly soluble
in B.
(2) Component A might be held in the pores of an inert solid plate,
from which it evaporates or dissolves into B.
(3) The plate might be an inert, dense polymeric membrane,
through which species A can pass into fluid B.
Figure: Laminar boundary-layer development for flow across a
flat plate.
• Let the fluid velocity profile upstream of the plate be uniform
at a free-system velocity of uo.
• As the fluid passes over the plate, the velocity ux in the
direction of flow is reduced to zero at the wall, which
establishes a velocity profile due to drag.
• At a certain distance z, normal to and out from the solid
surface, the fluid velocity is 99% of uo.
• This distance, which increases with increasing distance x from
the leading edge of the plate, is arbitrarily defined as the
velocity boundary-layer thickness, δ.
• Essentially all flow retardation occurs in the boundary layer, as
first suggested by Prandtl.
• The buildup of this layer, the velocity profile in the layer, and
the drag force can be determined for laminar flow by solving
the equations of continuity and motion (Navier-Stokes
equations) for the x-direction
• For a Newtonian fluid of constant density and viscosity, in the
absence of pressure gradients in the x- and y- (normal to the x-
z plane) directions, these equations for the region of the
boundary layer are

The solution of these eqns in the absence of heat and mass


transfer, subject to these boundary conditions, was first obtained
by Blasius [39] and is described in detail by Schlichting
The result in terms of a local friction factor

Eqn (a)

Thus, the drag is greatest at the leading edge of the plate,


where the Reynolds number is smallest. Average values of
the drag coefficient are obtained by integrating Eqn (a) from
x = 0 to L, giving
The thickness of the velocity boundary layer increases with
distance along the plate:
• This solution is valid only for a laminar boundary layer, which
by experiment persists to NRe, = 5 x l05.

When mass transfer of A into the boundary layer occurs, the


following species continuity equation applies at constant diffusivity
Problem:
Correlations for mass transfer coefficient in a few simple situations

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