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Photosynthesis is a process in plants and some bacteria that converts light energy into chemical energy, occurring in chloroplasts and involving light-dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle. Cellular respiration is how cells extract energy from glucose through glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain, yielding approximately 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule. Anaerobic respiration can occur without oxygen, producing less energy and byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.

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14 views1 page

Untitled Document

Photosynthesis is a process in plants and some bacteria that converts light energy into chemical energy, occurring in chloroplasts and involving light-dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle. Cellular respiration is how cells extract energy from glucose through glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain, yielding approximately 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule. Anaerobic respiration can occur without oxygen, producing less energy and byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.

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unknown.33
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

These are two of the most important biochemical processes in living organisms.

Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. It converts light energy into
chemical energy. The overall equation is:

6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} →


C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_26CO2​+6H2​O+light energy→C6​H12​O6​+6O2​

This process occurs in chloroplasts, using chlorophyll to absorb sunlight. It has two stages:

●​ Light-dependent reactions: Convert light energy to ATP and NADPH.​

●​ Calvin Cycle (light-independent): Uses ATP and NADPH to produce glucose from
CO₂.​

Cellular respiration is how cells release energy from glucose. It occurs in three stages:

1.​ Glycolysis (in cytoplasm): Glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, producing
2 ATP.​

2.​ Krebs Cycle (in mitochondria): Produces electron carriers (NADH, FADH₂) and CO₂.​

3.​ Electron Transport Chain (ETC) (in mitochondrial membrane): Uses NADH and FADH₂
to produce a large amount of ATP (around 34) and water.​

In total, cellular respiration yields about 36–38 ATP per glucose molecule. Anaerobic respiration
occurs without oxygen and produces less energy, often creating byproducts like lactic acid or
ethanol.

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