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Electromagnetic Spectrum O Levels and IGCSE

The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, detailing the different types of electromagnetic waves, their energy levels, and their applications in communication and technology. It highlights the dangers associated with high-frequency waves and the differences between analogue and digital signals. Additionally, it explains the role of satellites in communication and the benefits of digital signals over analogue signals.

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mahadamerchaudhry
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6 views50 pages

Electromagnetic Spectrum O Levels and IGCSE

The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, detailing the different types of electromagnetic waves, their energy levels, and their applications in communication and technology. It highlights the dangers associated with high-frequency waves and the differences between analogue and digital signals. Additionally, it explains the role of satellites in communication and the benefits of digital signals over analogue signals.

Uploaded by

mahadamerchaudhry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetic spectrum

Theya transferenergy
2 Theyarea transversewaves
3 rave at300000000thisthespeedof intin avacuumtree
Egg
Theycana beretestedandretracted

Lowest Energy Highest Energy


Lowest frequency Highest Frequency

Longest wavelength shortest wavelength


Wavelength

awow.rs 10 fitti itis itp


2 Micron tiers mobieohoneanasa.ie itecommunicationcooking
microwaves
10 mneocookersheoeis.tv osiereoiemorecontos.nightv ision
4 notobjects
infrared
that 10
seemscommunicationlooticatioresl.io
hotography
visiblement 106 unmousobjects

15
i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.am
ultraviolet
Uampsanainesu .IE
Mfg 159 raytubes bodies

radioactivethateras
Gammerers
15 stenisingequipmentand
foodradiotherapy

Higher the frequency higher the energy waves with

highest Energy is Highly ionising Harmful to cells and tissues


Gamma
rays Rays and Gamma
rays
Electromagnetic with low energy is
Less ionising
Less harmful to humans
Useful for communications
Uses of Electromagnetic Radiations.

Radio waves
1 Communication

2 Radio frequency identification RIFD


3 Bluetooth

Microwaves
1 Communication
2 Cooking

Infrared
1 Electric grill
2 Remote controls
3 Intruder alarms
4 Thermal imaging

Visible light
1
Seeing
2 Communication OpticalFibers

Ultraviolet
1 Fluorescence Security marking
2
Tanning Sunbeds
3 Sterllisation
Rays
1 Medical Imaging
2
Security scanning

Gamma Rays
1 Sterilising Food and medical equipment
2 Cancer treatment

Dangers of EM waves
High the frequency the higher the energy of EM wave

High Energy more ionising

Wave Danger
Radio waves No Danger

microwaves Can cause slight damage to organs

infrared cause heating effect in tissues and skinburns

Visiblelight Eye damage Very bright light

Ultraviolet Eyedamage skin cancer

Rays kill cells mutation cancer

Gamma Rays kill cells mutation cancer


Communication and satellites
Satellites Object that
orbit the earth moon
is a natural satellite

Geostationary satellites orbit above earth's equator


orbit in 24 hours
used for radio

Polar or low orbiting satellites


Orbit on poles
used for monitoring weather military applications
Important
2 How xRays are used to detect fractures in bones
Digital and Analogue signals

Analogue Signals varycontinuosly Digital signal has only two


they can take any value values on or off Discrete
value of 1 or 0
1 On
0 off
Information transmitted

in varying frequency and


amplitude

Benefit of Digital signal

Signal can be regenerated so there is minimal noise

Increased rate of transmission of Data compared to


analouge

Sound waves that can be transmitted as a digital


or analogue signal
Information Transmission path Information
encoder decoder

The signal are converted twice


1

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