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Tense

The document outlines various English tenses, including Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Simple Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, and Future Perfect Continuous. Each tense is explained with its structure and usage, along with examples. Additionally, it provides notes on adverbs of time relevant to each tense.

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15 views7 pages

Tense

The document outlines various English tenses, including Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Simple Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, and Future Perfect Continuous. Each tense is explained with its structure and usage, along with examples. Additionally, it provides notes on adverbs of time relevant to each tense.

Uploaded by

tawelucky35
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT
S+V1(S/ES)+O
1. It expresses the thought and feeling of the present moment.
1. I feel hot.
2. She feels drowsy
3. It is very hot today.

2. It expresses the universal truth.


1. The sun rises in the east.
2. Cow gives us milk.
3. The stars twinkle at night.

3. It expresses the habitual action.


1. I always go to school.
2. My father reads newspaper daily.
3. The bus always comes on time.

4. In conditional or time clauses


1. If it rains, I shall not go out.
2. As soon as I arrive, I shall phone you.
3. I shall accompany you if you come to my house.

EXERCISE
a. The sun (set) in the west.
b. The clouds (bring) rain.
c. She (like) to wear good clothes.
d. They (go) for a walk in the morning.
e. He (go) to school.
(NOTE: Adverbs of time like daily, always, regularly, usually, normally,
sometimes, often, never, everyday/week/month/year/vacation/ etc.
are generally used in simple present tense.)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE


S+ IS/AM/ARE + V1+ING+O
1. It expresses an action going on at the time of speaking.
a. She is singing my favorite song
b. Look, a kite is flying in the sky
c. Listen, someone is knocking at the door
d. We are learning English grammar

2. It is used to denote an action that is going to take place in the near


future.
a. I am going to watch a play this evening
b. Wait, we are coming right now
c. I am going to apply for the post
d. We are going to the theatre tonight

PRESENT PERFECT
S+ HAVE/HAS + V3 + O
1. It expresses an action that has been completed just now
or just before the time of speaking.
i. They have bought a car.
ii. I have just taken lunch.
iii. The moon has just appeared.
iv. He has just finished eating breakfast.

2. It expresses an action whose time is not given and nothing is given


in details.
i. I have seen the Taj Mahal.
ii. Someone has stolen my purse.
iii. She has lost her train ticket.
iv. They have gone out.

3. It describes a past event which has its effect on the present.


i. We have known each other for a long time.
ii. Mini has broken her leg.
iii. I have done a great mistake.
iv. She has cut her finger.

NOTE: Adverbs of time e.g. yesterday, last week, last month, last year,
last holiday/ any past time should not be used with the present
perfect tense.
I have gone to market yesterday. (incorrect)
I went to market yesterday.(correct)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS


S+HAVE /HAS +V1+ING+SINCE/FOR+O

It expresses an action started in the past and is still continuing .


a. I have been swimming for two hours.
b. Kate has been working since six in the morning.
c. It has been raining since last Monday.
d. Mr. Sharma has been working in this dept. for five years.

USES OF SINCE/FOR
SINCE shows the point of time. Since 9 a.m/since Sunday/ since
January/since 1990 etc.
FOR shows the period of time. For some time/ for a long time/
etc.

SIMPLE PAST
S+V2+O
1. It expresses completed action in the past.
a. It snowed yesterday.
b. I visited him last week.
c. She cooked last afternoon.

2. It expresses past habit.


i. As a young girl, I exercised a lot.
ii. My mother always enjoyed gardening.
iii. Mr. Sharma did exercise regularly when he was in Delhi.

(Note: Adverbs of time like yesterday/ last week/ last month/last


yr./last holiday etc. are usually used in simple past tense. )

PAST CONTINUOUS
S+ WAS/WERE+ V1 +ING+O
1. It expresses an action going on at a point of time or a period of time
in the past.
a. I was working till late last night
b. They were watching T.V. till 1:a.m. last night
c. I was working the whole day

2. It describes an action that was in progress when another action


took place.
a. They were having dinner when I arrived
b. When I met him, he was washing his car
c. They were sleeping when I reached their house.
d. When I saw him, he was crossing the road.

PAST PERFECT
S+HAD+V3+O

1. It expresses an action completed before another action in the past.


i. When I reached the station, the train had left.
ii. The Morning assembly had started before I reached school.
iii. The patient died after the doctor had come.

2. The past perfect tense is used with verbs such as hope, expect, and
think to indicate a past hope/ desire that remained unfulfilled.
I had hoped that I would get the job.
I had expected to win the tournament.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS


S+HAD BEEN+V1+ING+O

It expresses an action that was going on until another action


started in the past.

a. It had been raining until we went out.


b. I had been driving before we took lunch
c. Rosy had been working in a bank before she went to
London .(less in use)

SIMPLE FUTURE
S+SHALL/WILL+V1+O
It expresses an action that will happen in the future.
a. I shall come tomorrow
b. Rosy will visit next month
c. We will complete this project next month.

(NOTE: Words like tomorrow/ next week/ next month/ next yr. are
used to suggest future time.)

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
S+ SHALL BE/ WILL BE+ V1+ING+ O

It is used to denote an action that will be going on at some


time in the future.

a. I shall be waiting for you by this time tomorrow


b. Don’t come to my house in the evening. I shall be doing yoga.
c. Rohan will be eating dinner at that time

FUTURE PERFECT
S + SHALL /WILL + V3 + O

It is used to refer to the completion of an action by a certain time in


the future. The tense is normally used with the expressions like by
that time, by then, by next week.
i. I will have completed the assignment by next week
ii. The coach will have arrived by 11.00 a.m.
iii. The Board will have declared the results by next week.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS


S+SHALL / WILL +HAVE BEEN+ V1+ ING+ O

Shows an actions that will continue up until a point in the future.

I. In November, I will have been working at my company for three


years.
II. At five o’clock, I will have been waiting for thirty minutes.
III. When I turn thirty, I will have been playing piano for twenty-one
years.

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