ESM-48100U2

V100R022C10

User Manual

Issue 04
Date 2025-04-21

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2025. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.

Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be
within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,
information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees
or representations of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China

Website: https://e.huawei.com

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Security Declaration
Product Lifecycle
Huawei's regulations on product lifecycle are subject to the Product End of Life Policy. For details about
this policy, visit the following web page:
https://support.huawei.com/ecolumnsweb/en/warranty-policy

Vulnerability
Huawei's regulations on product vulnerability management are subject to the Vul. Response Process. For
details about this process, visit the following web page:
https://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/vul-response-process
For vulnerability information, enterprise customers can visit the following web page:
https://securitybulletin.huawei.com/enterprise/en/security-advisory

Initial Digital Certificate

The Initial digital certificates on Huawei devices are subject to the Rights and Responsibilities of Initial
Digital Certificates on Huawei Devices. For details about this document, visit the following web page:
https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/bulletins-service/ENEWS2000015789

Huawei Enterprise End User License Agreement

This agreement is the end user license agreement between you (an individual, company, or any other
entity) and Huawei for the use of the Huawei Software. Your use of the Huawei Software will be deemed
as your acceptance of the terms mentioned in this agreement. For details about this agreement, visit the
following web page:
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details about this policy, visit the following web page:
https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/bulletins-website/ENEWS2000017761

Issue 04 (2025-04-21) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

ESM-48100U2
User Manual About This Document

About This Document

Purpose
This document describes the energy storage module ESM-48100U2 (ESM or
lithium battery for short) in terms of its overview, application scenarios, external
ports, working principles, installation, and commissioning.

The figures provided in this document are for reference only.

Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
● Maintenance engineers
● Sales engineers

● Technical support engineers

Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, if not

avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium level of risk which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a low level of risk which, if not

avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance deterioration, or unanticipated results.
NOTICE is used to address practices not related to personal
injury.

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ESM-48100U2
User Manual About This Document

Symbol Description

Supplements the important information in the main text.

NOTE is used to address information not related to personal
injury, equipment damage, and environment deterioration.

Change History
Changes between document issues are cumulative. The latest document issue
contains all the changes made in earlier issues.

Issue 04 (2025-04-21)
● Updated 1.5 Battery Safety and 6 Power-On and Commissioning.
● Added 5.6.3 Installing ESM PWR Activation Cables.

Issue 03 (2023-08-15)
● Updated safety precautions and tools.
● Optimized some link description.
● Added the animal-proof requirements.

Issue 02 (2022-08-11)
● Updated 1 Safety Information.
● Added 5.2 Preparing Cables.
● Added 5.3 Checking Before the Installation.
● Added 5.7 Installation Verification.
● Updated 9.1 Routine Maintenance.
● Add some contents in A FAQs.

Issue 01 (2022-04-10)
This issue is the first official release.

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ESM-48100U2
User Manual Contents

Contents

About This Document............................................................................................................... iii

1 Safety Information.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Personal Safety.........................................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Electrical Safety........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Environment Requirements................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.4 Mechanical Safety.................................................................................................................................................................10
1.5 Battery Safety......................................................................................................................................................................... 14

2 Product Description.............................................................................................................. 22
2.1 Product Overview..................................................................................................................................................................22
2.2 Panel and Ports......................................................................................................................................................................23

3 Application..............................................................................................................................30
3.1 Application Scenario............................................................................................................................................................ 30
3.2 Parallel Connection.............................................................................................................................................................. 31
3.3 Online Capacity Expansion................................................................................................................................................ 32
3.4 Application Environment.................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.5 Low-Temperature Application.......................................................................................................................................... 32

4 Transportation and Storage................................................................................................ 34

4.1 Transportation Requirements........................................................................................................................................... 34
4.2 Storage and Recharging..................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.2.1 Storage Requirements......................................................................................................................................................36
4.2.2 Conditions for Judging Overdue Storage.................................................................................................................. 37
4.2.3 Storage with Low SOC (≤ 5%)...................................................................................................................................... 37
4.2.4 Operations Before Recharge.......................................................................................................................................... 38
4.2.5 Recharge Solution............................................................................................................................................................. 38
4.2.6 Recharge Qualification Standards............................................................................................................................... 39

5 Installation and Cable Connection....................................................................................40

5.1 Tools.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
5.2 Preparing Cables................................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.3 Checking Before the Installation..................................................................................................................................... 44
5.4 Installing an ESM.................................................................................................................................................................. 45
5.5 Installing ESM Cables (Huawei Power System)......................................................................................................... 47

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5.5.1 Installing ESM Communications Cables.................................................................................................................... 47

5.5.2 Installing ESM PWR Activation Cables....................................................................................................................... 48
5.5.3 Installing ESM Power Cables......................................................................................................................................... 49
5.6 Installing ESM Cables (Third-Party Power System).................................................................................................. 50
5.6.1 Installing ESM Communications Cables.................................................................................................................... 51
5.6.2 Installing ESM Alarm Cables......................................................................................................................................... 51
5.6.3 Installing ESM PWR Activation Cables....................................................................................................................... 52
5.6.4 Installing ESM Power Cables......................................................................................................................................... 53
5.7 Installation Verification....................................................................................................................................................... 54

6 Power-On and Commissioning........................................................................................... 57

6.1 Connecting the ESM Supply and Setting Parameters (Huawei Power System)............................................. 57
6.2 Connecting the ESM Supply and Setting Parameters (Third-Party Power System)...................................... 59

7 Acceptance Criteria............................................................................................................... 61
8 ESM Antitheft Function....................................................................................................... 62
8.1 Activating the ESM Electronic Lock................................................................................................................................ 62
8.2 Deactivating the ESM Electronic Lock........................................................................................................................... 62
8.3 Intelligent Displacement Lock and IoT Module......................................................................................................... 63

9 Maintenance and Replacement......................................................................................... 64

9.1 Routine Maintenance.......................................................................................................................................................... 65
9.2 Replacing an ESM................................................................................................................................................................. 66
9.3 Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................................................... 68

A FAQs......................................................................................................................................... 70
B Mapping Between Monitoring Modules and Software Versions in a Huawei
Power System............................................................................................................................ 72
C Preparing Terminals............................................................................................................. 73
D Symbol Conventions.............................................................................................................75
E Acronyms and Abbreviations.............................................................................................. 76

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User Manual 1 Safety Information

1 Safety Information

Statement
Before transporting, storing, installing, operating, using, and/or maintaining
the equipment, read this document, strictly follow the instructions provided
herein, and follow all the safety instructions on the equipment and in this
document. In this document, "equipment" refers to the products, software,
components, spare parts, and/or services related to this document; "the Company"
refers to the manufacturer (producer), seller, and/or service provider of the
equipment; "you" refers to the entity that transports, stores, installs, operates,
uses, and/or maintains the equipment.

The Danger, Warning, Caution, and Notice statements described in this

document do not cover all the safety precautions. You also need to comply with
relevant international, national, or regional standards and industry practices. The
Company shall not be liable for any consequences that may arise due to
violations of safety requirements or safety standards concerning the design,
production, and usage of the equipment.

The equipment should be used in an environment that meets the design

specifications. Otherwise, the equipment may be faulty, malfunctioning, or
damaged, which is not covered under the warranty. The Company shall not be
liable for any property loss, personal injury, or even death caused thereby.

Comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards, and specifications during

transportation, storage, installation, operation, use, and maintenance.

Do not perform reverse engineering, decompilation, disassembly, adaptation,

implantation, or other derivative operations on the equipment software. Do not
study the internal implementation logic of the equipment, obtain the source code
of the equipment software, violate intellectual property rights, or disclose any of
the performance test results of the equipment software.

The Company shall not be liable for any of the following circumstances or
their consequences:

● Equipment damage due to force majeure such as earthquakes, floods,

volcanic eruptions, debris flows, lightning strikes, fires, wars, armed conflicts,
typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, and extreme weather conditions
● Operation beyond the conditions specified in this document

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● Installation or use in environments that do not comply with international,

national, or regional standards
● Installation or use by unqualified personnel
● Failure to follow the operation instructions and safety precautions on the
product and in the document
● Unauthorized modifications to the product or software code or removal of the
product
● Damage caused during transportation by you or a third party authorized by
you
● Storage conditions that do not meet the requirements specified in the product
document
● Failure to comply with local laws, regulations, or related standards due to the
materials and tools prepared by you
● Damage caused by your or a third party's negligence, intentional breach,
gross negligence, or improper operations or damage not caused by the
Company

1.1 Personal Safety

DANGER

Do not work with power on during installation. Do not install or remove a cable
with power on. Transient contact between the core of the cable and a conductor
will generate electric arcs or sparks, which may cause a fire or personal injury.

DANGER

Non-standard and improper operations on the energized equipment may cause

fire or electric shocks, resulting in property damage, personal injury, or even death.

DANGER

Before operations, remove conductive objects such as watches, bracelets, bangles,

rings, and necklaces to prevent electric shocks.

DANGER

During operations, use dedicated insulated tools to prevent electric shocks or short
circuits. The insulation and voltage resistance must comply with local laws,
regulations, standards, and specifications.

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WARNING

During operations, wear personal protective equipment such as protective

clothing, insulated shoes, goggles, safety helmets, and insulated gloves.

Figure 1-1 Personal protective equipment

General Requirements
● Do not stop protective devices. Pay attention to the warnings, cautions, and
related precautionary measures in this document and on the equipment.
● If there is a likelihood of personal injury or equipment damage during
operations, immediately stop, report the case to the supervisor, and take
feasible protective measures.
● Do not power on the equipment before it is installed or confirmed by
professionals.
● Do not touch the power supply equipment directly or with conductors such as
damp objects. Before touching any conductor surface or terminal, measure
the voltage at the contact point to ensure that there is no risk of electric
shock.
● Do not touch a running fan with your hands, components, screws, tools, or
boards. Otherwise, personal injury or equipment damage may occur.
● In the case of a fire, immediately leave the building or the equipment area
and activate the fire alarm or call emergency services. Do not enter the
affected building or equipment area under any circumstances.

Personnel Requirements
● Only professionals and trained personnel are allowed to operate the
equipment.
– Professionals: personnel who are familiar with the working principles and
structure of the equipment, trained or experienced in equipment
operations and are clear of the sources and degree of various potential
hazards in equipment installation, operation, maintenance
– Trained personnel: personnel who are trained in technology and safety,
have required experience, are aware of possible hazards on themselves in

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certain operations, and are able to take protective measures to minimize

the hazards on themselves and other people
● Personnel who plan to install or maintain the equipment must receive
adequate training, be able to correctly perform all operations, and understand
all necessary safety precautions and local relevant standards.
● Only qualified professionals or trained personnel are allowed to install,
operate, and maintain the equipment.
● Only qualified professionals are allowed to remove safety facilities and inspect
the equipment.
● Personnel who will perform special tasks such as electrical operations,
working at heights, and operations of special equipment must possess the
required local qualifications.
● Only authorized professionals are allowed to replace the equipment or
components (including software).
● Only personnel who need to work on the equipment are allowed to access
the equipment.

1.2 Electrical Safety

DANGER

Before connecting cables, ensure that the equipment is intact. Otherwise, electric
shocks or fires may occur.

DANGER

Non-standard and improper operations may result in fire or electric shocks.

DANGER

Prevent foreign matter from entering the equipment during operations. Otherwise,
equipment short-circuits or damage, load power derating, power failure, or
personal injury may occur.

WARNING

For the equipment that needs to be grounded, install the ground cable first when
installing the equipment and remove the ground cable last when removing the
equipment.

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CAUTION

Do not route cables near the air intake or exhaust vents of the equipment.

CAUTION

Do not directly connect aluminum cables to prevent electrochemical corrosion of

copper and aluminum.

General Requirements
● Follow the procedures described in the document for installation, operation,
and maintenance. Do not reconstruct or alter the equipment, add
components, or change the installation sequence without permission.
● Install temporary fences or warning ropes and hang "No Entry" signs around
the operation area to keep unauthorized personnel away from the area.
● Before installing or removing power cables, turn off the switches of the
equipment and its upstream and downstream switches.
● If any liquid is detected inside the equipment, disconnect the power supply
immediately and do not use the equipment.
● Before performing operations on the equipment, check that all tools meet the
requirements and record the tools. After the operations are complete, collect
all of the tools to prevent them from being left inside the equipment.
● Before installing power cables, check that cable labels are correct and cable
terminals are insulated.
● When installing the equipment, use a torque tool of a proper measurement
range to tighten the screws. When using a wrench to tighten the screws,
ensure that the wrench does not tilt and the torque error does not exceed
10% of the specified value.
● Ensure that bolts are tightened with a torque tool and marked in red and blue
after double-check. Installation personnel mark tightened bolts in blue.
Quality inspection personnel confirm that the bolts are tightened and then
mark them in red. (The marks must cross the edges of the bolts.)

● To avoid electric shock, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits
to telecommunication network voltage (TNV) circuits.
● Ensure that all slots are installed with boards or filler panels. Avoid hazards
caused by hazardous voltages or energy on boards. Ensure that the air
channel is normal, control electromagnetic interference, and prevent dust and
other foreign objects on the backplane, baseplate, and boards.
● After the installation is complete, ensure that protective cases, insulation
tubes, and other necessary items for all electrical components are in position
to avoid electric shocks.

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● If the power supply to the equipment is permanently connected, install an

easily accessible disconnector at the exterior of the device.
● If the equipment has multiple inputs, disconnect all the inputs before
operating the equipment.
● Before maintaining a downstream electrical or power distribution device, turn
off the output switch on the power supply equipment.
● During equipment maintenance, attach "Do not switch on" labels near the
upstream and downstream switches or circuit breakers as well as warning
signs to prevent accidental connection. The equipment can be powered on
only after troubleshooting is complete.
● If fault diagnosis and troubleshooting need to be performed after power-off,
take the following safety measures: Disconnect the power supply. Check
whether the equipment is live. Install a ground cable. Hang warning signs and
set up fences.
● Check equipment connections periodically, ensuring that all screws are
securely tightened.
● Only qualified professionals can replace a damaged cable.
● Do not scrawl, damage, or block any labels or nameplates on the equipment.
Promptly replace labels that have worn out.
● Do not use solvents such as water, alcohol, or oil to clean electrical
components inside or outside of the equipment.
● Wear personal protective equipment and use dedicated insulated tools to
avoid electric shocks or short circuits.

Grounding
● Ensure that the grounding impedance of the equipment complies with local
electrical standards.
● Ensure that the equipment is connected permanently to the protective
ground. Before operating the equipment, check its electrical connection to
ensure that it is reliably grounded.
● Ensure that the protective ground point of the equipment is reliably
connected to the ground screw of the metal enclosure (connection resistance:
≤ 0.1 ohm).
● Do not operate the equipment in the absence of a properly installed ground
conductor.
● Do not damage the ground conductor.
● For the equipment that uses a three-pin socket, ensure that the ground
terminal in the socket is connected to the protective ground point.
● If high touch current may occur on the equipment, ground the protective
ground terminal on the equipment enclosure before connecting the power
supply; otherwise, electric shock as a result of touch current may occur.

Cabling
● When selecting, installing, and routing cables, follow local safety regulations
and rules.
● When routing power cables, ensure that there is no coiling or twisting. Do not
join or weld power cables. If necessary, use a longer cable.

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● Ensure that all cables are properly connected and insulated, and meet
specifications.
● Ensure that the slots and holes for routing cables are free from sharp edges,
and that the positions where cables are routed through pipes or cable holes
are equipped with cushion materials to prevent the cables from being
damaged by sharp edges or burrs.
● If a cable is connected to the cabinet from the top, bend the cable in a U
shape outside the cabinet and then route it into the cabinet.
● Ensure that cables of the same type are bound together neatly and straight
and that the cable sheath is intact. When routing cables of different types,
ensure that they are away from each other without entanglement and
overlapping.
● When cable connection is completed or paused for a short period of time, seal
the cable holes with sealing putty immediately to prevent small animals or
moisture from entering.
● Secure buried cables using cable supports and cable clips. Ensure that the
cables in the backfill area are in close contact with the ground to prevent
cable deformation or damage during backfilling.
● If the external conditions (such as the cable layout or ambient temperature)
change, verify the cable usage in accordance with the IEC-60364-5-52 or local
laws and regulations. For example, check that the current-carrying capacity
meets requirements.
● Do not perform any improper operations, for example, dropping cables
directly from a vehicle. Otherwise, the cable performance may deteriorate due
to cable damage, which affects the current-carrying capacity and temperature
rise.

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

NOTICE

The static electricity generated by human bodies may damage the electrostatic-
sensitive components on boards, for example, the large-scale integrated (LSI)
circuits.

● When touching the equipment and handling boards, modules with exposed
circuit boards, or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), observe ESD
protection regulations and wear ESD clothing and ESD gloves or a well-
grounded ESD wrist strap.

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Figure 1-2 Wearing an ESD wrist strap

● When holding a board or a module with exposed circuit boards, hold its edge
without touching any components. Do not touch the components with bare
hands.
● Package boards or modules with ESD packaging materials before storing or
transporting them.

1.3 Environment Requirements

DANGER

Do not expose the equipment to flammable or explosive gas or smoke. Do not

perform any operation on the equipment in such environments.

DANGER

Do not store any flammable or explosive materials in the equipment area.

DANGER

Do not place the equipment near heat sources or fire sources, such as smoke,
candles, heaters, or other heating devices. Overheat may damage the equipment
or cause a fire.

WARNING

Install the equipment in an area far away from liquids. Do not install it under
areas prone to condensation, such as under water pipes and air exhaust vents, or
areas prone to water leakage, such as air conditioner vents, ventilation vents, or
feeder windows of the equipment room. Ensure that no liquid enters the
equipment to prevent faults or short circuits.

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WARNING

To prevent damage or fire due to high temperature, ensure that the ventilation
vents or heat dissipation systems are not obstructed or covered by other objects
while the equipment is running.

General Requirements
● Ensure that the equipment is stored in a clean, dry, and well ventilated area
with proper temperature and humidity and is protected from dust and
condensation.
● Keep the installation and operating environments of the equipment within the
allowed ranges. Otherwise, its performance and safety will be compromised.
● Do not install, use, or operate outdoor equipment and cables (including but
not limited to moving equipment, operating equipment and cables, inserting
connectors to or removing connectors from signal ports connected to outdoor
facilities, working at heights, performing outdoor installation, and opening
doors) in harsh weather conditions such as lightning, rain, snow, and level 6
or stronger wind.
● Do not install the equipment in an environment with direct sunlight, dust,
smoke, volatile or corrosive gases, infrared and other radiations, organic
solvents, or salty air.
● Do not install the equipment in an environment with conductive metal or
magnetic dust.
● Do not install the equipment in an area conducive to the growth of
microorganisms such as fungus or mildew.
● Do not install the equipment in an area with strong vibration, noise, or
electromagnetic interference.
● Ensure that the site complies with local laws, regulations, and related
standards.
● Ensure that the ground in the installation environment is solid, free from
spongy or soft soil, and not prone to subsidence. The site must not be located
in a low-lying land prone to water or snow accumulation, and the horizontal
level of the site must be above the highest water level of that area in history.
● If the equipment is installed in a place with abundant vegetation, in addition
to routine weeding, harden the ground underneath the equipment using
cement or gravel.
● Before opening doors during the installation, operation, and maintenance of
the equipment, clean up any water, ice, snow, or other foreign objects on the
top of the equipment to prevent foreign objects from falling into the
equipment.
● When installing the equipment, ensure that the installation surface is solid
enough to bear the weight of the equipment.
● Ensure that the equipment room provides good heat insulation, and that the
walls and floor are dampproof.
● Install protective devices at the door of the equipment room to prevent
rodents and insects from entering the room.

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● All cable holes must be sealed. Seal the used cable holes with sealing putty.
Seal the unused cable holes with the caps delivered with the equipment. The
following figure shows the criteria for correct sealing with sealing putty.

● After installing the equipment, remove the packing materials such as cartons,
foam, plastics, and cable ties from the equipment area.

1.4 Mechanical Safety

DANGER

When working at heights, wear a safety helmet and safety harness or waist belt
and fasten it to a solid structure. Do not mount it on an insecure moveable object
or metal object with sharp edges. Make sure that the hooks will not slide off.

WARNING

Ensure that all necessary tools are ready and inspected by a professional
organization. Do not use tools that have signs of scratches or fail to pass the
inspection or whose inspection validity period has expired. Ensure that the tools
are secure and not overloaded.

WARNING

Before installing equipment in a cabinet, ensure that the cabinet is securely

fastened with a balanced center of gravity. Otherwise, tipping or falling cabinets
may cause bodily injury and equipment damage.

WARNING

When pulling equipment out of a cabinet, be aware of unstable or heavy objects

in the cabinet to prevent injury.

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WARNING

Do not drill holes into the equipment. Doing so may affect the sealing
performance and electromagnetic containment of the equipment and damage
components or cables inside. Metal shavings from drilling may short-circuit boards
inside the equipment.

General Requirements
● Repaint any paint scratches caused during equipment transportation or
installation in a timely manner. Equipment with scratches cannot be exposed
for an extended period of time.
● Do not perform operations such as arc welding and cutting on the equipment
without evaluation by the Company.
● Do not install other devices on the top of the equipment without evaluation
by the Company.
● When performing operations over the top of the equipment, take measures to
protect the equipment against damage.
● Use correct tools and operate them in the correct way.

Moving Heavy Objects

● Be cautious to prevent injury when moving heavy objects.

● If multiple persons need to move a heavy object together, determine the

manpower and work division with consideration of height and other
conditions to ensure that the weight is equally distributed.
● If two persons or more move a heavy object together, ensure that the object
is lifted and landed simultaneously and moved at a uniform pace under the
supervision of one person.
● Wear personal protective gears such as protective gloves and shoes when
manually moving the equipment.
● To move an object by hand, approach to the object, squat down, and then lift
the object gently and stably by the force of the legs instead of your back. Do
not lift it suddenly or turn your body around.
● Move or lift the equipment by holding its handles or lower edges. Do not hold
the handles of modules that are installed in the equipment.
● Do not quickly lift a heavy object above your waist. Place the object on a
workbench that is half-waist high or any other appropriate place, adjust the
positions of your palms, and then lift it.
● Move a heavy object stably with balanced force at an even and low speed. Put
down the object stably and slowly to prevent any collision or drop from
scratching the surface of the equipment or damaging the components and
cables.

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● When moving a heavy object, be aware of the workbench, slope, staircase,

and slippery places. When moving a heavy object through a door, ensure that
the door is wide enough to move the object and avoid bumping or injury.
● When transferring a heavy object, move your feet instead of turning your
waist around. When lifting and transferring a heavy object, ensure that your
feet point to the target direction of movement.
● When transporting the equipment using a pallet truck, ensure that the forks
are properly positioned so that the equipment does not topple. Before moving
the equipment, secure it to the pallet truck using ropes. When moving the
equipment, assign dedicated personnel to take care of it.
● Transport the equipment by sea or on roads with good conditions. Minimize
jolt and tilt during transportation.
● Ensure that tilt angle of the cabinet meets the requirements shown in the
figure. The tilt angle α of the packed cabinet must be less than or equal to
15°. After the cabinet is unpacked, its tilt angle α must be less than or equal
to 10°.

Working at Heights
● Any operations performed 2 meters or higher above the ground must be
supervised properly.
● Only trained and qualified personnel are allowed to work at heights.
● Do not work at heights when steel pipes are wet or other risky situations
exist. After the preceding conditions no longer exist, the safety owner and
relevant technical personnel need to check the involved equipment. Operators
can begin working only after safety is confirmed.
● Set a restricted area and prominent signs for working at heights to warn
irrelevant personnel away.
● Set guard rails and warning signs at the edges and openings of the area
involving working at heights to prevent falls.
● Do not pile up scaffolding, springboards, or other objects on the ground under
the area involving working at heights. Do not stay or pass under the area
involving working at heights.
● Carry operation machines and tools properly to prevent equipment damage or
personal injury caused by falling objects.
● Personnel involving working at heights are not allowed to throw objects from
the height to the ground, or vice versa. Objects shall be transported by slings,
hanging baskets, aerial work platforms, or cranes.

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● Do not perform operations on the upper and lower layers at the same time. If
unavoidable, install a dedicated protective shelter between the upper and
lower layers or take other protective measures. Do not pile up tools or
materials on the upper layer.
● Dismantle the scaffolding from top down after finishing the job. Do not
dismantle the upper and lower layers at the same time. When removing a
part, ensure that other parts will not collapse.
● Ensure that personnel working at heights strictly comply with the safety
regulations. The Company is not responsible for any accident caused by
violation of the safety regulations on working at heights.
● Behave cautiously when working at heights. Do not rest at heights.

Using Ladders
● Use wooden or insulated ladders when you need to perform live-line working
at heights.
● Platform ladders with protective rails are preferred. Single ladders are not
recommended.
● Before using a ladder, check that it is intact and confirm its load bearing
capacity. Do not overload it.
● Ensure that the ladder is securely positioned and held firm.

● When climbing up the ladder, keep your body stable and your center of
gravity between the side rails, and do not overreach to the sides.
● When a step ladder is used, ensure that the pull ropes are secured.
● If a single ladder is used, the recommended angle for the ladder against the
floor is 75 degrees, as shown in the following figure. A square can be used to
measure the angle.

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● If a single ladder is used, ensure that the wider end of the ladder is at the
bottom, and take protective measures to prevent the ladder from sliding.
● If a single ladder is used, do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the
ladder from the top.
● If you use a single ladder to climb up to a platform, ensure that the ladder is
at least 1 m higher than the platform.

1.5 Battery Safety

DANGER

Do not connect the positive and negative poles of a battery together. Otherwise,
the battery may be short-circuited. Battery short circuits can generate high
instantaneous current and release a large amount of energy, which may cause
battery leakage, smoke, flammable gas release, thermal runaway, fire, or
explosion. To avoid battery short circuits, do not maintain batteries with power on.

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DANGER

Do not expose batteries at high temperatures or around heat sources, such as

scorching sunlight, fire sources, transformers, and heaters. Battery overheating
may cause leakage, smoke, flammable gas release, thermal runaway, fire, or
explosion.

DANGER

Protect batteries from mechanical vibration, falling, collision, punctures, and

strong impact. Otherwise, the batteries may be damaged or catch fire.

DANGER

To avoid leakage, smoke, flammable gas release, thermal runaway, fire, or

explosion, do not disassemble, alter, or damage batteries, for example, insert
foreign matter into batteries, squeeze batteries, or immerse batteries in water or
other liquids.

DANGER

There is a risk of fire or explosion if the model of the battery in use or used for
replacement is incorrect. Use a battery of the model recommended by the vendor.

DANGER

Battery electrolyte is toxic and volatile. Do not get contact with leaked liquids or
inhale gases in the case of battery leakage or odor. In such cases, stay away from
the battery and contact professionals immediately. Professionals must wear safety
goggles, rubber gloves, gas masks, and protective clothing, power off the
equipment, remove the battery, and contact technical engineers.

DANGER

A battery is an enclosed system and will not release any gases under normal
operations. If a battery is used improperly, for example, burnt, needle-pricked,
squeezed, struck by lightning, overcharged, or subject to other adverse conditions
that may cause battery thermal runaway, the battery may be damaged or an
abnormal chemical reaction may occur inside the battery, resulting in electrolyte
leakage or release of gases such as CO and H2. To prevent fire or equipment
corrosion, ensure that flammable gases are properly exhausted.

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DANGER

The gases generated by a burning battery may irritate your eyes, skin, and throat.
Take protective measures.

WARNING

Install batteries in a dry area. Do not install them under areas prone to water
leakage, such as air conditioner vents, ventilation vents, feeder windows of the
equipment room, or water pipes. Ensure that no liquid enters the equipment to
prevent faults or short circuits.

WARNING

Before installing and commissioning batteries, prepare fire fighting facilities, such
as fire sand and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, according to construction
standards and regulations. Before putting into operation, ensure that fire fighting
facilities that comply with local laws, regulations are installed.

WARNING

During storage or transportation, or before unpacking, ensure that the packing

cases are intact and the batteries are correctly placed according to the labels on
the packing cases. Do not place a battery upside down or vertically, lay it on one
side, or tilt it. Stack the batteries according to the stacking requirements on the
packing cases. Ensure that the batteries do not fall or get damaged. Otherwise,
they will need to be scrapped.

WARNING

After unpacking batteries, place them in the required direction. Do not place a
battery upside down, lay it on one side, tilt it, or stack it. Ensure that the batteries
do not fall or get damaged. Otherwise, they will need to be scrapped.

WARNING

Tighten the screws on copper bars or cables to the torque specified in this
document. Periodically confirm whether the screws are tightened, check for rust,
corrosion, or other foreign objects, and clean them up if any. Loose screw
connections will result in excessive voltage drops and batteries may catch fire
when the current is high.

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WARNING

After batteries are discharged, charge them in time to avoid damage due to
overdischarge.

CAUTION

Batteries are energy-intensive. Currently, all vendors in the industry cannot ensure
100% safety for their batteries.

CAUTION

This type of lithium battery must not be used in a core equipment room.

CAUTION

This type of lithium battery cannot be used in Industry Site Power Facility
distribution scenarios and indoor scenarios.

CAUTION

The iSitePower-S can be used only in outdoor rural microgrid scenarios when it is
used with this type of lithium battery.

Statement
The Company shall not be liable for any battery damage, personal injury,
death, property loss, and/or other consequences caused by the following
reasons:
● Force majeure such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, debris flows,
lightning strikes, fires, wars, armed conflicts, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes,
and other extreme weather conditions
● The battery warranty period has expired.
● Actions that do not follow instructions in the user manual or direct advice
from the Company, including but not limited to the following scenarios:
– The onsite equipment operating environment or external power
parameters do not meet the environment requirements for normal
operation, for example, the actual operating temperature of batteries is
too high or too low, or the power grid is unstable and experiences
outages frequently.
– Batteries are dropped or incorrectly operated or connected.
– Batteries are overdischarged due to delayed acceptance or power-on after
battery installation.

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– Battery running parameters are incorrectly set.

– Different types of batteries, for example, batteries of different brands or
rated capacities, are used together without prior approval from the
Company.
– Batteries are frequently overdischarged due to improper battery
maintenance.
– Battery use scenarios are changed without prior approval from the
Company.
– Battery maintenance is not performed according to the instructions in the
user manual, for example, failing to check battery terminals regularly.
– Batteries are not transported, stored, or charged according to the
instructions in the user manual.
– Instructions from the Company are not followed during battery relocation
or reinstallation.

General Requirements

NOTICE

To ensure battery safety and battery management accuracy, use batteries provided
by the Company. The Company is not responsible for any faults of batteries
provided by other vendors.

● Use batteries within the specified temperature range. When the ambient
temperature of the batteries is lower than the allowed range, do not charge
the batteries to prevent internal short circuits caused during low-temperature
charging.
● Do not reversely connect the positive and negative battery terminals.
Otherwise, a battery alarm will be generated and batteries may be damaged.
● To prevent dust buildup that may damage the equipment, install battery
modules after dust-prone operations in the equipment room are completed.
● Do not short-circuit a battery. A short circuit will trigger battery protection.
Repeated short circuits may lead to battery faults and other risks including
fire.
● Batteries cannot be connected in series. Connecting them in series will trigger
battery protection and may cause battery damage or other risks including fire.
● Before unpacking batteries, check whether the packaging is intact. Do not use
batteries with damaged packaging. If any damage is found, notify the carrier
and manufacturer immediately.
● Do not unpack batteries in an environment where the temperature and
humidity are uncontrollable. Before unpacking batteries, keep them still for 24
hours in an environment where the temperature and humidity are under
control.
● In an indoor scenario, you are advised to power on batteries within seven days
after unpacking. If the batteries cannot be powered on in time, put them in
the original packaging and place them in a dry indoor environment without
corrosive gases.

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● In an outdoor scenario, you are advised to power on batteries within 24 hours

after unpacking. If the batteries cannot be powered on in time, put them in
the original packaging and place them in a dry indoor environment without
corrosive gases.
● Do not use a damaged battery (such as damage caused when a battery is
dropped, bumped, bulged, or dented on the enclosure), because the damage
may cause electrolyte leakage or flammable gas release. In the case of
electrolyte leakage or structural deformation, contact the installer or
professional O&M personnel immediately to remove or replace the battery.
Do not store the damaged battery near other devices or flammable materials
and keep it away from non-professionals.
● Before working on a battery, ensure that there is no irritating or burning smell
around the battery.
● When installing batteries, do not place installation tools, metal parts, or
sundries on the batteries. After the installation is complete, remove the
objects from the batteries and the surrounding area.
● To safeguard against water intrusion and subsequent battery carbonization,
ensure that the bottom of a battery remains at least 10 cm above ground
level.
● If a battery is accidentally exposed to water, do not install it. Move it to a safe
place for isolation and contact technical engineers in a timely manner.
● Check whether the positive and negative battery terminals are grounded
unexpectedly. If so, disconnect the battery terminals from the ground.
● Do not perform welding or grinding work around batteries to prevent fire
caused by electric sparks or arcs.
● If batteries will not be used for a long period of time, store and charge them
according to the battery requirements.
● Do not charge or discharge batteries by using a device that does not comply
with local laws and regulations.
● Keep the battery loop disconnected during installation and maintenance.
● Monitor damaged batteries during storage for signs of smoke, flame,
electrolyte leakage, or heat.
● If a battery is faulty, its surface temperature may be high. Do not touch the
battery to avoid scalds.
● The actual specifications may vary depending on external factors, such as
temperature, transportation, and storage.

Short-Circuit Protection
● When installing and maintaining batteries, wrap the exposed cable terminals
on the batteries with insulation tape.
● Avoid foreign objects (such as conductive objects, screws, and liquids) from
entering a battery, because this may cause short circuits.

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Leakage Handling

NOTICE

Electrolyte overflow may damage the equipment. It will corrode metal parts and
boards, and ultimately damage the boards.

Electrolyte is corrosive and can cause irritation and chemical burns. If you come
into direct contact with the battery electrolyte, do as follows:
● Inhalation: Evacuate from contaminated areas, get fresh air immediately, and
seek immediate medical attention.
● Eye contact: Immediately wash your eyes with water for at least 15 minutes,
do not rub your eyes, and seek immediate medical attention.
● Skin contact: Wash the affected areas immediately with soap and water and
seek immediate medical attention.
● Intake: Seek immediate medical attention.

Emergency Handling for Fire Incidents in Installation Rooms

DANGER

Batteries on fire may release flammable and toxic gases and cause insulation
failures. During the fire extinguishing process, all emergency response personnel
must wear a full set of protective suit, including flame retardant or fireproof
clothing, air-purifying respirator or breathing apparatus, fire helmet, and insulated
shoes.

DANGER

A battery fire may reignite after having been extinguished. After the fire is
extinguished, cool the batteries for at least 24 hours and observe them using a
thermal imager to ensure that the temperature of the batteries decreases to room
temperature.

1. The gas fire extinguishing system in the room shall be started after all people
evacuate to a safe area.
2. If the gas fire extinguishing system cannot extinguish the fire, emergency
response personnel shall start the dry-type water fire extinguishing system
after confirming that the power supply to the battery system is disconnected.
Then quickly evacuate to a safe area and wait for firefighters to extinguish
the fire. After firefighters arrive and extinguish the fire, spray water for 12
hours.
3. After the firefighters confirm onsite that the equipment temperature has
decreased to room temperature±10°C, observe the situation for 24 hours to
ensure that the temperature does not rise and no smoke is emitted.

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Recycling
● Dispose of waste batteries in accordance with local laws and regulations. Do
not dispose of batteries as household waste. Improper disposal of batteries
may result in environmental pollution or an explosion.
● If a battery leaks or is damaged, contact technical support or a battery
recycling company for disposal.
● If batteries are out of service life, contact a battery recycling company for
disposal.
● Do not expose waste batteries to high temperatures or direct sunlight.
● Do not place waste batteries in environments with high humidity or corrosive
substances.
● Do not use faulty batteries. Contact a battery recycling company to scrap
them as soon as possible to avoid environmental pollution.

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2 Product Description

2.1 Product Overview

The ESM is an energy storage unit composed of lithium-ion batteries. It features
better charge and discharge performance, longer service life, and less self-
discharge loss than ordinary batteries.

An ESM consists of electrochemical cells, a battery management system (BMS),

power and signal terminals, and mechanical parts. It can be used as an
independent 48 V unit, supports the mixed use of old and new batteries, and can
collaborate with third-party power systems.

Table 2-1 Nominal ESM voltage and capacity

Model Nominal Voltage Rated Capacity

ESM-48100U2 48 V 100 Ah

Features
● Parallel connection for power expansion: The maximum power (P) of N ESMs
connected in parallel can reach 24 kW. For details, see 3.2 Parallel
Connection.
● Application in class B environments with direct ventilation: The ESM can be
used in indoor environments where the ambient temperature and humidity
are not controlled or outdoor environments (with simple shielding measures
such as awnings) where the humidity can reach 100%.
● Support for third-party power systems: The ESM implements lithium battery
self-management so that it can be used with third-party power systems.
● EMC:
– CE: EN 55032, Class A
– RE: EN 55032, Class B

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Functions
● Status monitoring: monitors the electrochemical cell voltage and temperature
as well as the ESM voltage and current.
● Alarm management: generates alarms when overvoltage, undervoltage,
overcurrent, overtemperature, or undertemperature occurs.
● Protection against exceptions: protects against overvoltage, undervoltage,
overcurrent, short circuits, overtemperature, undertemperature,
electrochemical cell faults, and hardware faults.
● Information reporting: provides a northbound CAN/RS485 port through which
alarms and status data are reported.
● Parallel connection: Multiple ESMs can be connected in parallel. CAN
communication supports parallel connection of up to 32 ESMs, and RS485
communication supports parallel connection of up to 16 ESMs.
● Balance: supports real-time electrochemical cell balancing.
● E-label: identifies the ESM using an electronic label.
● Antitheft: provides the antitheft function when being used with specified
Huawei power systems.
● Forcible disconnection: Users can disconnect the external power supply to the
PWR port and hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button for 5s to power off
the ESM forcibly.
● Maintenance mode: Used to replace an ESM. Users can hold down the
MANUAL ON/OFF button for 15 seconds to enter the maintenance mode so
that the ESM can be replaced safely and reliably.
● Activation: The ESM can be activated through the PWR port, power port, and
the MANUAL ON/OFF button.
NOTE

● In a third-party power system, lithium batteries with different nominal voltages cannot
be used together. If lithium batteries of different models need to be used together,
contact technical support.
● If lithium batteries of different models need to be used in a Huawei power system,
contact technical support.

2.2 Panel and Ports

Figure 2-1 Panel and ports

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Table 2-2 Port description

No. Silk Screen Description

1 DO1 Alarm output dry contacts

DO2

2 / IoT module installation space (reserved)

3 COM_IN Communications ports

4 COM_ OUT

5 RUN Running indicator

ALM Alarm indicator

CHG Charge indicator

DCHG Discharge indicator

SOC State of capacity (SOC) indicator

6 MANUAL ON/OFF Button for manual power-on/off

7 PWR PWR activation port

8 + Lithium battery power ports

9 GND Ground screw

Table 2-3 Communications port pin definitions

Figure RJ45 Pin Signal Meaning Description

1 RS485 T+ RS485 ● Four-wire

transmission + RS485
communicatio
2 RS485 T– RS485 ns, supporting
transmission – the Modbus
3 NC Reserved protocol
● Baud rate:
4 RS485 R+ RS485 reception 9600 bit/s
+

5 RS485 R– RS485 reception

–

6 NC Reserved -

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Figure RJ45 Pin Signal Meaning Description

7 CANH CAN ● Supporting the

communication + CAN protocol

8 CANL CAN ● For reporting

communication – alarms to a
monitoring
unit and
exchanging
data between
ESMs
connected in
parallel

DO1 and DO2 Ports

Table 2-4 DO1 and DO2 port definitions

Silk Definition Description Alarm
Screen Status

DO1 Timely If the ESM raises one of the following alarms, the dry Configurable
maintenance contact supplies an alarm signal: (By default,
Cell voltage sampling fault, straight-through short an alarm is
circuit fault, straight-through open circuit fault, cell generated if
fault, reverse polarity protection, module internal the dry
temperature protection, cell temperature sampling contact is
exception, discharge overcurrent lockout alarm, theft open.)
alarm, charge low temperature protection, charge
high temperature protection, charge overcurrent
protection, discharge low temperature protection,
discharge high temperature protection, discharge
overcurrent protection, and serial number conflict

DO2 Alarm If the ESM raises one of the following alarms, the dry
contact supplies an alarm signal:
Battery string undervoltage protection,
electrochemical cell undervoltage protection, battery
string discharge undervoltage alarm, electrochemical
cell discharge ultra undervoltage alarm, and discharge
overcurrent warning

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Table 2-5 LED indicator description

Indicator Silk Item Color Description
Screen

RUN Running Green Steady on: Communication is normal

indicator (including board startup, self-check,
software loading, and board power-on
without loading software; excluding
hibernation when the input/output port or
activation port is energized).
Off: The ESM is in hibernation mode.
Blinking slowly: Query is in progress or
data is being loaded on the LCD.
Blinking fast: Communication is
interrupted.

ALM Alarm Red Steady on: There is a fault or major alarm.

indicator Off: There is no fault or major alarm.
Blinking slowly: The ESM is locked for
theft prevention.

CHG Charge Green Steady on: The ESM is being charged.

indicator Off: The ESM is open-circuited or
discharging.

DCHG Discharge Green Steady on: The ESM is discharging.

indicator Off: The ESM is open-circuited or being
charged.

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Indicator Silk Item Color Description

Screen

SOC SOC Green 1. 0–24% SOC

indicators ● 25% indicator: blinking
● Other SOC indicators: off
2. 25%–49% SOC
● 25% indicator: steady on
● 50% indicator: blinking
● Other SOC indicators: off
3. 50%–74% SOC
● 25% indicator: steady on
● 50% indicator: steady on
● 75% indicator: blinking
● 100% indicator: off
4. 75%–99% SOC
● 25% indicator: steady on
● 50% indicator: steady on
● 75% indicator: steady on
● 100% indicator: blinking
5. 100% SOC
The four SOC indicators are steady on.

Notes:
● Major alarm: The ESM needs to be maintained immediately.
● Minor alarm: The ESM does not require maintenance, but sends a notification to remote
maintenance personnel.
● Blinking slowly: on for 1s and then off for 1s
● Blinking fast: on for 0.125s and then off for 0.125s
● If the SOC indicators are off and other indicators are blinking fast, the ESM enters the
maintenance mode.
● ESM in hibernation mode: The alarm indicator is off except in the case of reverse polarity
protection.

Activation and Startup

The ESM can be activated in three modes. After being activated, the ESM switches
from hibernation mode to offline mode.
● Activation through the PWR port: Supply a DC voltage of 43.2–58 V to the
PWR port on the ESM panel for at least 5s.
● Activation through the MANUAL ON/OFF button: Hold down the MANUAL
ON/OFF button on the ESM panel for 5–15s.

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● Activation through the power port: Supply a DC voltage of 43.2–58 V to the

power port on the front panel for at least 5s.
NOTE

1. The MANUAL ON/OFF button is a contact button. The interval for pressing the
button shall be greater than 0.5s; otherwise, the operation is ineffective.
2. If the ESM in charge mode is powered off through the MANUAL ON/OFF button,
you can only activate the ESM through the MANUAL ON/OFF button. If the ESM in
discharge or offline mode is powered off through the MANUAL ON/OFF button,
you can activate the ESM through the PWR port or power port when the external
busbar has no voltage.
3. If the antitheft function of the intelligent displacement lock or electronic lock of
the ESM is activated, or an IoT module is installed, the MANUAL ON/OFF button
cannot be used for shutdown or maintenance. The button can be used only after
the antitheft functions are deactivated and the IoT module is removed.
4. If the intelligent displacement lock is enabled, the default cell pack undervoltage
protection threshold of the ESM will increase to 46 V.

Technical Specifications

Table 2-6 Technical specifications

Item Specifications

Dimensions (W x D x H) ● 442 mm x 396 mm x 130 mm (excluding mounting ears)

● 482 mm x 396 mm x 130 mm (including mounting ears)

Weight ≤ 43 kg

Nominal voltage 48 V DC

Boost charge voltage 56.4 V DC

Float charge voltage 54.5 V DC

Maximum charge/ 100 A/100 A at 35°C

discharge current

Maximum charge/ 4800 W/4800 W at 35°C

discharge power

Operating ambient ● Charge: 0–45°C

temperature ● Discharge: –20°C to +45°C

Relative humidity 5%–95% RH, non-condensing

Atmospheric pressure 61–113 kPa

Installation mode Installed in a 19-inch rack

Maintenance mode Maintained from the front

Altitude 0–4000 m (When the altitude ranges from 2000 m to 4000 m, the
operating temperature decreases by 1°C for each additional 200 m.)

IP rating IP20

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Item Specifications

Other requirements Indoor scenario:

● There must be no conductive dust, corrosive gas, or explosion
hazard.
● The equipment room must be dust-proof, sealed, and routinely
maintained. Dust, corrosive substances, pests, molds, and other
indicators must be controlled in accordance with Class 3.1
requirements in ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 (V2.3.2 or a later version) in
the equipment room. The environment must not be conducive for
the growth of fungus or molds.
Outdoor scenario:
● There must be no conductive dust, corrosive gas, or explosion
hazard.
● The cabinet must be dust-proof, sealed, and routinely maintained.
Dust, corrosive substances, pests, molds, and other indicators must
be controlled in accordance with Class 4.1 requirements in ETSI EN
300 019-1-4 (V2.2.1). The environment must not be conducive for
the growth of fungus or molds.

Animal-proof Rodents (such as mice), insects (such as ants), snakes, and geckos
requirements must be prevented.

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3 Application

3.1 Application Scenario

An ESM alone can provide backup power in the power system.
Inside an ESM, the BMS monitors the temperature, current, and voltage, provides
protection against overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, short circuit,
overtemperature, and undertemperature, and reports the ESM running status and
alarm information through a communications port that supports both the CAN
and RS485 protocols.

Figure 3-1 Typical ESM application scenario

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3.2 Parallel Connection

Table 3-1 Power derating coefficients for parallel connection

Number of 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...... 16
Parallel ESMs

Derating 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.40 ...... 0.40
Coefficient

The ESM can be used together with some models of intelligent lithium batteries.
After hybrid use, the power is derated.

Table 3-2 Power derating coefficients for parallel connection

Number of 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...... 16
Batteries (N)

Derating 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.40 ...... 0.40
Coefficient

NOTE

ESMs can be connected in parallel to increase the backup time or power.

● Maximum current of N ESMs connected in parallel = N x Derating coefficient x Imax,
where Imax is the maximum current allowed for the ESMs. Take four ESMs connected in
parallel as an example: Imax = 4 x 0.55 x 100 A = 220 A.
● If the backup power of ESMs is greater than 24 kW, the backup time is prolonged, but
the backup power remains unchanged.
● If intelligent lithium batteries of different models need to be used together, contact
technical support.

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3.3 Online Capacity Expansion

In ESM maintenance mode, the system capacity can be expanded online without
disconnecting the battery supply. In this way, the site will not break down in case
of a mains power failure during capacity expansion.

3.4 Application Environment

The ESMs can be used in class A and some class B environments (simple
equipment rooms, residential houses, garages, corridors, or direct-ventilation
cabinets). They cannot be used independently in class C or D environments.
Cabinets protected to IP55 or higher must be configured in class C or D
environments.

Environments subject to atmospheric corrosion can be classified into four

categories:

● Class A environment (controlled environment): indoor environment where the

ambient temperature and humidity are controlled (including rooms where
people live) and the relative humidity of air is controlled below 65%.
● Class B environment (uncontrolled environment): indoor environment where
the ambient temperature and humidity are not controlled or outdoor
environments (with simple shielding measures) where the humidity can reach
100%.
● Class C environment (harsh environment): outdoor land environment (with
simple shielding measures) near the sea or pollution sources. If a site is near
the sea, it is 0.5–3.7 km away from the sea. If a site is near a pollution source,
it is at most 3.7 km away from a salt lake, 3 km away from a heavy pollution
source such as a smeltery, coal mine, and thermal power plant, 2 km away
from a medium pollution source such as chemical, rubber, and galvanization
industries, or 1 km away from a light pollution source such as a packing
house, tannery, and boiler room.
● Class D environment (sea environment): outdoor land environment (with
simple shielding measures) at most 500 m away from the seashore or
environment on the sea.

3.5 Low-Temperature Application

● Low-temperature charge: The ESM does not support battery charging at 0°C
or below. When the battery temperature is 0°C or lower, the ESM will shut
down the charging loop to disable charging.
When the ESM is used in an environment at 0°C and below, a heater needs to
be added in the cabinet, and batteries can be charged after the battery
temperature is higher than 3°C.
● Low-temperature discharge: The ESM does not support battery discharging at
a temperature below –20°C. When the battery temperature is below –20°C,
the ESM will turn off the discharging loop to disable discharging.

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When the ESM is used in an environment below –20°C, a heater needs to be

added in the cabinet, and batteries can discharge after the battery
temperature rises to –17°C or above.

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4 Transportation and Storage

4.1 Transportation Requirements

Transportation Requirements

DANGER

Load or unload batteries with caution. Otherwise, the batteries may be short-
circuited or damaged (such as leakage and crack), catch fire, or explode.

WARNING

● Do not move a battery by holding its terminals, bolts, or cables. Otherwise, the
battery may be damaged.
● Keep batteries in the correct direction during transportation. They must not be
placed upside down or tilted, and must be protected against falling down,
mechanical impact, rains, snows, and falling into water during transportation.
● Batteries must be transported separately. Do not transport a cabinet with
batteries installed. If the cabinet needs to be transported or moved, remove the
batteries first.

● According to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous

Goods: Model Regulations (also referred to as TDG or UN Orange Book),
batteries belong to class 9 dangerous goods and shall pass the related tests
required in Part III Subsection 38.3 of the UN Recommendations on the
Transport of Dangerous Goods: Manual of Tests and Criteria.
● Transportation and storage service providers must have the qualifications for
dangerous goods operations required by local laws, regulations, and
standards. Rigid box trucks shall be used for transportation and pickup trucks
are prohibited.
● Batteries can be delivered to the site directly if the road or sea transportation
requirements are met.

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● Comply with the international regulations on the transport of dangerous

goods and meet the requirements of the transportation regulatory authorities
in the countries of departure, route, and destination.
● Choose sea or roads in good conditions for transportation. Do not transport
batteries by railway or air. Avoid tilt or jolt during transportation.
● Comply with the latest international and national rules on the transportation
and storage of dangerous goods, including but not limited to the
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), Agreement
concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR),
and China's transportation industry standards (JT/T 617) Regulations
concerning road transportation of dangerous goods, as well as the
requirements of the transportation regulatory authorities in the countries of
departure, route, and destination. Before transportation and storage, properly
pack, label, and mark products according to the local laws, regulations, and
standards, and complete related product and packaging tests.
● Before transportation, make a compliant and accurate declaration, and ensure
that the battery packaging, labels, and markings are intact and there is no
abnormal smell, leakage, smoke, or fire. Otherwise, the batteries must not be
transported.
● The packing case must be solid and strong. Handle the packages with care
and take moisture-proof measures during loading, transportation, and
unloading. Do not place the packages on one side or upside down. Bind the
packages securely to avoid displacement. Ensure that the dangerous goods
labels are visible.
● Exercise caution when moving batteries to prevent bumping and ensure
personal safety.
● Unless otherwise specified, dangerous goods cannot be mixed with goods
containing food, medicine, animal feed, or their additives in the same vehicle
or container.
● If the local laws, regulations, and standards allow the mixed transportation of
specified different dangerous goods and that of dangerous goods and
common goods, the dangerous goods shall be isolated according to the local
laws, regulations, and standards. If there is no specific local requirement, refer
to the following requirements for isolation when dangerous goods and
common goods are in the same vehicle or container:
– Use a spacer that is as high as the packages.
– Keep a distance of at least 0.8 m around.
● Before transporting a faulty battery (with scorch, leakage, bulge, or water
intrusion), insulate its positive and negative terminals, pack it, and place it in
an insulated explosion-proof box as soon as possible. Record information such
as the site name, address, time, and fault symptom on the box.
● When transporting faulty batteries, avoid approaching flammable material
storage areas, residential areas, or other densely populated places, such as
mass transit facilities or elevators.

4.2 Storage and Recharging

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4.2.1 Storage Requirements

WARNING

● Ensure that batteries are stored in a dry, clean, and ventilated indoor
environment that is free from sources of strong infrared or other radiations,
organic solvents, corrosive gases, and conductive metal dust. Do not expose
batteries to direct sunlight or rain and keep them far away from sources of
heat and ignition.
● If a battery is faulty (with scorch, leakage, bulge, or water intrusion), move it to
a dangerous goods warehouse for separate storage. The distance between the
battery and any combustible materials must be at least 3 m. The battery must
be scrapped as soon as possible.
● Place batteries correctly according to the signs on the packing case during
storage. Do not place batteries upside down, lay them on one side, or tilt them.
Stack batteries in accordance with the stacking requirements on the packing
cases.
● Store batteries in a separate place. Do not store batteries together with other
devices. Do not stack batteries too high. The site must be equipped with
qualified fire extinguishing facilities, such as fire sands and fire extinguishers.

CAUTION

Batteries should be used soon after being deployed onsite. Batteries that have
been stored for an extended period should be charged periodically. Otherwise,
they may be damaged.

● Do not unpack batteries. If charging is necessary, they must be charged by

professionals as required and then returned to their original packaging after
charging.
● The warehouse keeper shall collect battery storage information every month
and periodically report the battery inventory information. The batteries in
long-term storage shall be charged in a timely manner.

CAUTION

● Only trained and qualified personnel are allowed to charge batteries. Wear
insulated gloves and use dedicated insulated tools during the operation.
● Observe onsite during charging and handle any exceptions in a timely
manner.
● If a battery experiences an abnormality such as bulging or smoking during
charging, stop charging immediately and dispose of it.

● Storage temperature: 0–40°C, recommended: 20–30°C

● Relative humidity: 5%–95% RH

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● Ensure that batteries are delivered based on the "first in, first out" rule.
● Ensure that the storage duration starts from the latest charge time marked on
the battery packing case and that the latest charge time is updated after
every charge.
● If batteries have been stored for longer than allowed, promptly report the
condition to the person in charge.

4.2.2 Conditions for Judging Overdue Storage

It is recommended that the ESM not be stored for a long period. It should be used
soon after being deployed onsite.

Table 4-1 Storage requirements

Required Actual Recharge Remarks

Storage Storage Interval
Temperature Temperature

0°C–40°C 0°C ≤ T ≤ 30°C 12 months Within the recharge interval:

Use the ESM as soon as
30°C < T ≤ 8 months possible.
40°C
Reaching the time for recharge:
Recharge the ESMs.
The total storage duration
should not exceed the warranty
period.

NOTE

1. If ESMs have been stored overdue, promptly report the event to the department leader.
2. Dispose of bulging ESMs irrespective of how long they have been stored.
3. The storage duration starts from the latest charge time marked on the ESM packing
case. The latest charge time is updated after every charge.
4. If an ESM is qualified after charge, mark the latest charge time and the next recharge
time on the ESM packing case. The next recharge time is 8 months (stored above 30°C)
or 12 months (stored below 30°C) later than the latest charge time. The total storage
duration should not exceed the warranty period.

4.2.3 Storage with Low SOC (≤ 5%)

ESMs have static power consumption and self-discharge loss after power-off. In
actual application scenarios, avoid storing an ESM with low SOC (≤ 5%). If storing
an ESM with low SOC is unavoidable, limit the storage duration to 30 days at 25°C
or 15 days at 45°C. Promptly recharge the ESM after the storage. Otherwise, the
ESM may be damaged and scrapped due to overdischarge.
The following situations may cause storage of ESMs in discharge state:
1. After the site power supply is disconnected due to a mains outage, the power
supply is not recovered for a long time because the faults (such as cable
faults) cannot be rectified in a timely manner.

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2. After installation and commissioning are complete, the mains power is

switched off directly without powering off the ESM. The ESM enters the low
power mode only after being completely discharged, and the interval for
onsite acceptance check is long.
3. Other reasons that prevent the ESM from entering the low power mode
normally.

4.2.4 Operations Before Recharge

● Check the ESM appearance.
● Dispose of bulging ESMs.
● Dispose of damaged or misshapen ESMs.
● Dispose of leaking ESMs.
● Polish ESM terminals using sandpaper if they are corroded.

4.2.5 Recharge Solution

Recharge the ESMs that pass the test using either of the following solutions based
on site requirements.

Recharge ESMs using a power system:

1. Identify the ESMs qualified for recharge.

2. Install the ESMs and connect cables to them by referring to the quick
installation guide for the power system.
3. Use the power system to recharge the ESMs.

Table 4-2 Recharge parameter settings

Recharge Setting
Parameter

Charge 56.4 V
voltage

Charge Use the default charge current limit coefficient. The

current maximum charge current is 100 A.

Termination The charge duration is greater than 10 minutes and the

condition charge current is less than 0.02C, or the ESM is protected.

4. Hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button for at least 5s and less than 15s,
wait until all indicators on the front panel turn off, remove cables from it, and
place the ESM in the original packing case. Modify the latest charge time and
the next recharge time marked on the original packing case.

The customer purchases or arranges a DC regulated power supply that supports

48 V charge and recharge ESMs by performing the following steps:

1. Connect the positive and negative poles of an ESM to the output positive and
negative terminals on the DC regulated power supply respectively.

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Figure 4-1 Connecting cables between the ESM and the DC regulated power
supply

2. Set charge parameters for the DC regulated power supply. For details, see
Recharge parameter settings.
3. Hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button for at least 5s and less than 15s,
wait until all indicators on the front panel turn off, remove cables from it, and
place the ESM in the original packing case. Modify the latest charge time and
the next recharge time marked on the original packing case.

CAUTION

● ESMs can be activated through power cables.

● Do not perform operations with power on when connecting the recharge
cables.

4.2.6 Recharge Qualification Standards

Table 4-3 Recharge qualification standards
Required Recharge End Voltage Required Voltage After Open-Circuit
for 8 Hours

≥ 51 V ≥ 48 V

NOTE

1. For the ESM that is qualified after recharge, hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button
for at least 5s and less than 15s. Wait until all indicators on the front panel turn off and
then remove the cables. Place the ESM in the original packing case. Mark the latest
charge time and the next recharge time (the next recharge time is 8 months if stored
above 30°C or 12 months if stored below 30°C later than the latest charge time) on the
packing case. Packed ESMs should be used as soon as possible.
2. If the ESM is not qualified after recharge, recharge it again. If the ESM is still not
qualified, dispose of it.

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5 Installation and Cable Connection

DANGER

Batteries are heavy. Strictly comply with the safety requirements for moving heavy
objects to avoid equipment damage and personal injury.
● Before installing batteries, ensure that the cabinet is securely installed and the
cabinet door is opened to the maximum extent and fixed.
● When installing batteries, reserve enough clearance to facilitate installation and
avoid equipment scratches and personal injury. When moving batteries, slowly
and steadily place them onto the guide rails.
● When moving batteries to a high position, take protective measures to prevent
batteries from falling off or bumping against the staircase or ground.

DANGER

● Note the polarities when installing batteries. Do not connect the positive and
negative poles of a battery or battery string together. Otherwise, the battery
may be short-circuited.
● Do not smoke or have an open flame around batteries.
● The site must be equipped with qualified fire extinguishing facilities, such as
firefighting sands and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
● Wear personal protective equipment and use dedicated insulated tools to avoid
electric shocks or short circuits.
● Do not use metal to simultaneously touch two or more terminals of a battery
or simultaneously touch a terminal of the battery and a grounded device.
Otherwise, short circuits will occur.

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WARNING

● Tighten the screws on copper bars or cables to the torque specified in this
document. Periodically confirm whether the screws are tightened, check for
rust, corrosion, or other foreign objects, and clean them up if any. Loose screw
connections will result in excessive voltage drops and batteries may catch fire
when the current is high.
● When installing batteries, do not place installation tools, metal parts, or
sundries on the batteries. After the installation is complete, clean up the objects
on the batteries and the surrounding area.

CAUTION

● When moving batteries, do not remove protective components such as

protective covers or waterproof caps from battery terminals.
● Batteries from the same manufacturer, of the same model, and in the same
batch are recommended.
● Before installing the batteries, ensure that the battery circuit breakers in the
power system are OFF or that the battery fuses are removed.
● When connecting batteries, ensure that the spring washer on the screw is
leveled, that the protruding part of the terminal on the cable faces outwards,
and that the cable is intact.
● Do not connect two or more cables to the positive or negative power port of a
battery in parallel.
● Stay away from the equipment when preparing cables to prevent cable scraps
from entering the equipment. Cable scraps may cause sparks and result in
personal injury and equipment damage.

NOTICE

● Comply with regulations and warnings issued by the battery manufacturer.

● If batteries will not be powered on after installation, take dustproof and anti-
condensation measures (for example, use a dust cover, plastic film, or fabric
cloth) to prevent condensation and dust buildup, which may corrode the
batteries. Remove the protective objects when batteries need to be used.
● Ensure that cables of the same type are bound together neatly and straight and
that the cable sheath is intact. When routing cables of different types, ensure
that they are at least 30 mm away from each other without entanglement and
overlapping.
● When routing cables, reserve at least 30 mm clearance between the cables and
heat-generating components or areas. This prevents deterioration or damage to
the cable insulation layer.
● Ensure that the bending radius of each cable is at least five times the diameter
of the cable.
● Ensure that cables meet the VW-1 flame spread rating requirements.

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5.1 Tools

DANGER

Wear personal protective equipment and use dedicated insulated tools to avoid
electric shocks or short circuits.

Utility knife Phillips Flat-head Adjustable Protective

insulated insulated torque wrench gloves
torque torque
screwdriver screwdriver
(M3/M6) (M3)

Diagonal pliers Cable cutter Power cable RJ45 crimping Hydraulic

crimping tool tool pliers

Wire stripper Clamp meter Heat gun Heat shrink Insulation tape
tubing

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Steel Insulated Network tester Insulated ESD gloves

measuring torque socket gloves
tape wrench
(M6)

ESD wrist strap

5.2 Preparing Cables

● All cables must comply with local regulations, standards, and customer
requirements.
● The cross-sectional area of a power cable depends on the current that flows
through it and the allowed voltage drop.
● The copper cable specifications are for reference only. Determine proper
cables based on site requirements.

NOTICE

Do not connect aluminum cables to ESMs directly to prevent electrochemical

corrosion of copper and aluminum.

Table 5-1 Preparing cables (copper cables)

Cable Type Maximum Minimum Cross- Maximum Cross-
Operating Sectional Area Sectional Area
Current (A) (mm2) (mm2)

Ground cable - 6 6

Battery power 100 25 50

cable

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NOTE

● The size data in the table is applicable when the ambient temperature is 30°C (in air)
and only cables in a single loop are involved.
● When the ambient temperature is not 30°C or cables in multiple loops are routed
together, use cables with larger cross-sectional areas if the cabling distance is long.
● Power cables should be able to withstand a temperature of at least 90°C.

5.3 Checking Before the Installation

NOTICE

● To prevent the equipment from falling over, secure it to a pallet truck using
ropes before moving it. Exercise caution when moving the equipment to avoid
bumping or falling, which may damage the equipment.
● After placing the equipment in the installation position, unpack it and take care
to prevent scratches. Keep the equipment stable during unpacking.

Step 1 Check the installation environment.

Table 5-2 Installation environment checklist

No. Check Item Result

1 The installation clearance meets the □ Yes □ No

requirements.

2 The bearing capacity of the installation □ Yes □ No

site meets the requirements.

3 The ambient temperature and humidity □ Yes □ No

meet the requirements.

4 Lithium batteries are not under areas □ Yes □ No

prone to water leakage, such as air
conditioner vents, ventilation vents, or
feeder windows of the equipment room.

5 The cables and installation tools meet the □ Yes □ No

requirements.

6 Fire extinguishing facilities, such as fire □ Yes □ No

sands and powder fire extinguishers, are
available onsite and in compliance with
local laws and regulations.

Step 2 Before unpacking batteries, check whether the packaging is intact. Do not use
batteries with damaged packaging. If any damage is found, notify the carrier and
supplier immediately.
Step 3 Unpack the equipment and check that the equipment is intact.

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1. After unpacking, check whether the fastening components and removable

components are loose. If they are loose, notify the carrier and supplier
immediately.
2. Visually inspect the battery appearance for shipping damage. If any shipping
damage is found, take photos and notify the carrier and supplier immediately.
3. Check that all fittings comply with the packing list. If there is any discrepancy,
keep a record and contact the supplier immediately.

NOTICE

– In an indoor scenario, you are advised to power on ESMs within seven days
after unpacking. If the battery cannot be powered on in time, put it in the
original packing case and place it in a dry indoor environment without
corrosive gases.
– In an outdoor scenario, you are advised to power on ESMs within 24 hours
after unpacking. If the battery cannot be powered on in time, put it in the
original packing case and place it in a dry indoor environment without
corrosive gases.
– If the installation environment is in poor condition, take dustproof and
anti-condensation measures (for example, use a dust cover, plastic film, or
fabric cloth) after unpacking batteries to prevent condensation and dust
buildup, which may corrode the batteries.

----End

5.4 Installing an ESM

Procedure
Step 1 Install and check according to the installation guide. If there are no floating nuts
on both sides of the rack, install the floating nuts delivered with the cabinet.
Step 2 Push an ESM into the cabinet and secure it.

Figure 5-1 Installing an ESM

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NOTICE

● The ESM-48100U2 weighs about 43 kg. Check the load-bearing capacity of the
rack tray before installation.
● The depth of an ESM-48100U2 is 396 mm. Check the rack depth before
installation.
● Batteries can be installed in a 19-inch rack. The rack should have a load-
bearing structure. Before installation, check whether the load-bearing capacity
and installation space meet the requirements. After installation, secure the
batteries to avoid falling off.
● This section uses guide rails as an example to describe how to install batteries.
● Install and secure batteries horizontally from the bottom up to prevent falling
over due to imbalance. When a third-party cabinet is used, it is recommended
that 4 U space be reserved for each battery. Batteries cannot be stacked and
must be laid flat. When a Huawei cabinet is used, see the installation guide of
the cabinet to determine the clearance.

Figure 5-2 Correct and incorrect ESM installation

Step 3 Install the ESM ground cable.

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Figure 5-3 Installing the ESM ground cable

(1) Ground bar

----End

5.5 Installing ESM Cables (Huawei Power System)

If ESMs are connected to a Huawei power system, perform the following steps to
install cables.

NOTICE

After installing power terminals, periodically check whether they are tightened,
and whether rust, corrosion, or other foreign objects exist. If necessary, clean the
terminals and tighten the bolts. If the battery bolts are loosely connected, the
connection voltage drop may be too high, or the battery may be burnt when the
current is large.

5.5.1 Installing ESM Communications Cables

Step 1 Install ESM communications cables.
NOTE

After the ESM communications cables are installed, connect a termination resistor to the
COM_OUT port on the last ESM.

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Figure 5-4 Installing ESM communications cables (connecting to the SMU)

Figure 5-5 Installing ESM communications cables (connecting to the UIM)

----End

5.5.2 Installing ESM PWR Activation Cables

NOTE

● To install activation cables for a Huawei power system (except a 57 V power system),
perform the following steps.
● Connect activation cables when the BLVD contactor is normally open (NO) and powered
by batteries.

Step 1 Locate the ESM activation cables and cable terminals in the fitting bag.
Step 2 Install the activation cables at the terminals.

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Step 3 Connect one end of the activation cables to the PWR port on the ESM.
Step 4 Connect the other end of the activation cables to a load route (BLVD route is
recommended, and the recommended circuit breaker capacity to which the
activation cable is connected ranges from 6 A to 32 A) and the corresponding RTN
+ busbar in the power system.

Figure 5-6 Installing the ESM PWR activation cables

----End

5.5.3 Installing ESM Power Cables

Step 1 Cut cables of proper length based on the cable routes, and crimp terminals on the
cables. For details about how to crimp terminals, see C Preparing Terminals.
Step 2 Install negative and positive power cables for the ESM.

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CAUTION

● When connecting cables from the power system to ESM power ports, ensure
that the cables must be connected slantwise upward to the ESM and the cable
length must meet the requirement for this cabling mode to prevent water from
entering the ESM.
● When installing a power cable of the ESM, ensure that the protruding part of
the OT terminal on the cable faces outward.
● Do not connect two or more cables to the positive or negative power port of an
ESM in parallel.

Figure 5-7 Correct and incorrect ESM power cable connections

Figure 5-8 Installing negative and positive power cables for an ESM

----End

5.6 Installing ESM Cables (Third-Party Power System)

If ESMs are connected to a third-party power system, perform the following steps
to install cables.

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NOTICE

After installing power terminals, periodically check whether they are tightened,
and whether rust, corrosion, or other foreign objects exist. If necessary, clean the
terminals and tighten the bolts. If the battery bolts are loosely connected, the
connection voltage drop may be excessive, or the battery may be burnt when the
current is large.

5.6.1 Installing ESM Communications Cables

Step 1 Install ESM communications cables.
NOTE

After the ESM communications cable is installed, connect a termination resistor to the
COM_OUT port on the last ESM.

Figure 5-9 Installing the ESM communications cable

----End

5.6.2 Installing ESM Alarm Cables

If ESM alarm dry contacts are connected to a third-party power system, perform
the following steps to install cables.

Step 1 Connect the alarm output dry contact of an ESM to the alarm input dry contact of
the third-party power system.

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Figure 5-10 Installing dry contact alarm cables between the ESMs and a third-
party power system

----End

5.6.3 Installing ESM PWR Activation Cables

NOTE

Connect activation cables when the BLVD contactor is normally open (NO) and powered by
batteries.

Checking Before the Installation

Before installing the ESM activation cables in the third-party power system
scenario, check whether the ESM can be cold started.

Step 1 Ensure that the third-party power system and the ESM are powered off.

Step 2 Install all signal and power cables for the third-party power system and the ESM.

Step 3 Turn on the AC circuit breaker and ESM circuit breaker in the third-party power
system, and observe the RUN indicator on the ESM.

Step 4 If the indicator on the ESM is on, the ESM can be activated properly and does not
require activation cables.

Step 5 If the indicator is off, turn off the AC circuit breaker and ESM circuit breaker in the
third-party power system, connect the activation cable to the ESM (for details, see
Procedure), and then turn on the AC circuit breaker and ESM circuit breaker.
NOTE

● If the indicator on the ESM is on after the activation cables are connected, the ESM can
be activated properly.
● If the indicator is still off after the activation cables are connected, the ESM cannot be
activated. In this case, contact technical support engineers.

----End

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Procedure
Step 1 Locate the ESM activation cables and cable terminals in the fitting bag.

Step 2 Install the activation cables at the terminals.

Step 3 Connect one end of the activation cables to the PWR port on the ESM.

Step 4 Connect the other end of the activation cables to a load route (BLVD route is
recommended, and the recommended circuit breaker capacity to which the
activation cable is connected ranges from 6 A to 32 A) and the corresponding RTN
+ busbar in the power system.

Figure 5-11 Installing the ESM PWR activation cables

----End

5.6.4 Installing ESM Power Cables

Step 1 Cut cables of proper length based on the cable routes, and crimp terminals on the
cables. For details about how to crimp terminals, see C Preparing Terminals.

Step 2 Install negative and positive power cables for the ESM.

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CAUTION

● When connecting cables from the power system to ESM power ports, ensure
that the cables must be connected slantwise upward to the ESM and the cable
length must meet the requirement for this cabling mode to prevent water from
entering the ESM.
● When installing a power cable of the ESM, ensure that the protruding part of
the OT terminal on the cable faces outward.
● Do not connect two or more cables to the positive or negative power port of an
ESM in parallel.

Figure 5-12 Correct and incorrect ESM power cable connections

Figure 5-13 Installing negative and positive power cables for an ESM

----End

5.7 Installation Verification

After all devices are installed, verify the installation.

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Checking the Environment

Table 5-3 Environment checklist

No. Check Item Result

1 There are no unnecessary adhesive tape or cable □ Yes □ No

ties on cables.

2 There are no adhesive tapes, cable ties, paper □ Yes □ No

scraps, or packing materials around the device.

Checking Electrical Connections

Table 5-4 Electrical connection checklist

No. Check Item Result

1 All the ground cables prepared onsite contain □ Yes □ No

copper core wires and have correct diameters. No
switches or fuses are installed on the cables and no
short-circuit occurs.

2 The ground cables are securely and correctly □ Yes □ No

connected, and the screws are tightened. The input
and output cables are not short-circuited.

3 Power cables and ground cables are not coiled and □ Yes □ No
excess parts are cut off.

4 Connectors for power cables and ground cables are □ Yes □ No

soldered or crimped securely.

5 Bare cables and terminal handles are completely □ Yes □ No

wrapped with heat-shrink tubings.

6 Flat washers and spring washers are securely □ Yes □ No

installed for all OT terminals, and all OT terminals
are intact and properly connected.

7 Screws are tightened to the recommended torque □ Yes □ No

and marked in red and blue after double check.

8 The lithium battery communications cable is □ Yes □ No

prepared properly (using a network tester).

9 The positive or negative power port of the ESM is □ Yes □ No

connected with one cable.

10 The protruding part of the OT terminal on the □ Yes □ No

cable faces outwards.

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User Manual 5 Installation and Cable Connection

Cable Checklist

Table 5-5 Cable connection checklist

No. Check Item Result

1 All cable joints are secured properly, especially for □ Yes □ No

signal cables and cable connectors.

2 Cables are bound neatly without twists or excessive □ Yes □ No

bends. Cable ties are evenly spaced and properly
tightened in the same direction.

3 Power cables, ground cables, and signal cables are □ Yes □ No

bound separately.

4 Cables are routed in a way convenient for future □ Yes □ No

maintenance and expansion.

5 The cable tie tails on indoor cables are cut □ Yes □ No

smoothly from the root, and the cable tie tails on
outdoor cables are cut with a margin of 3 mm to 5
mm.

6 Unused ports are protected. □ Yes □ No

7 Cable labels are properly and securely attached in □ Yes □ No

the same direction.

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User Manual 6 Power-On and Commissioning

6 Power-On and Commissioning

DANGER

● Wear dedicated protective gears and use insulated tools to avoid electric shocks
or short circuits.
● To prevent electric shocks, do not establish contact between electrical points
that have different electric potentials, for example, between the positive and
negative poles or between the positive pole and the equipment enclosure.

CAUTION

● During the power-on procedure, power off the batteries immediately if any
fault is detected. Rectify the fault before proceeding with the procedure.
● After batteries are used for system commissioning or batteries have discharged,
charge the batteries in time. Otherwise, batteries may be damaged due to
overdischarge.
● Battery overdischarge and damage may occur if batteries with low SOC are
stored. Batteries should be charged in a timely manner.

NOTICE

Battery operations may cause alarms or power failures. Inform the management
center before and after the operations.

6.1 Connecting the ESM Supply and Setting Parameters

(Huawei Power System)
Connecting the Lithium Battery Supply
Step 1 Switch on the battery circuit breakers and the circuit breaker connected to
activation cables in the power system.

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User Manual 6 Power-On and Commissioning

NOTICE

If the Huawei power monitoring module is connected to the ESM for the first
time, the monitoring module will restart automatically because battery
management parameters need to be switched to the ESM.

Step 2 When the ESMs are communicating with the monitoring module, check whether
the communication is normal. If the running indicator on an ESM is steady on, the
ESM communicates properly with the monitoring module. If the indicator blinks
fast, the communication is interrupted. In this case, check that the
communications cable is properly connected.
Step 3 Observe the ESMs for 15 minutes. Ensure that they are working properly (the
alarm indicators are off and the running indicators are steady on).

----End

Setting Parameters

NOTICE

● Set parameters as follows for the ESMs running in a power system.

● A Huawei power system automatically identifies ESMs and sets battery
parameters. There is no need to set the parameters onsite. To check the ESM
running status or change the charge current limit coefficient, log in to the
WebUI or LCD of the Huawei power system.
● Refer to Table B-1 to obtain the version mapping between the ESM software
and the Huawei power system monitoring module or local maintenance tool.

LCD

Table 6-1 Setting ESM parameters

Main Menu Second-Level Third-Level Fourth-Level Setting Value Range
Menu Menu Menu

Parameters Battery Basic Charge Limit Set based on 0.05C10–

Settings Parameters Coef. the site 1.0C10
requirements.

WebUI
Step 1 Remove the cable connected to the FE port on the SMU. Use a network cable to
connect the network port on the PC to the FE port on the SMU.
Step 2 Configure the PC IP address and the SMU IP address in the same network
segment.
For example, if the SMU has an IP address of 192.168.0.10, a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0, and a default gateway of 192.168.0.1, set the IP address to

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User Manual 6 Power-On and Commissioning

192.168.0.11, subnet mask to 255.255.255.0, and default gateway to 192.168.0.1

on the PC.
NOTE

● The default IP address of the SMU is 192.168.0.10, the default subnet mask is
255.255.255.0, and the default gateway is 192.168.0.1.
● If the default IP address has been changed, you can view the new IP address on the
NetEco.

Step 3 Set the PC IP address in the same network segment as the SMU IP address, enter
https://local IP address of the SMU (for example, https://192.168.0.10) in the
address box of Internet Explorer, and press Enter. The login page is displayed.
Step 4 On the login page, enter the preset username admin and preset password
Changeme, set the language, and click Log In.
Step 5 Choose Monitoring > DC Power > Lithium Battery Group > Running Parameter
> Charge Parameters to modify the charge current limit coefficient. The value
range is 0.05C10–1.0C10.
Step 6 Choose Monitoring > DC Power > Lithium Battery Group > Running
Information to view the ESM running status information.
Step 7 After the commissioning is complete, reconnect the cable removed in Step 1.
----End

6.2 Connecting the ESM Supply and Setting Parameters

(Third-Party Power System)
Connecting the Lithium Battery Supply
Step 1 Switch on the ESM circuit breakers.
Step 2 Check whether the ESMs are activated. If the running indicator on an ESM is on,
the ESM is activated. If it is off, the ESM is not activated. In this case, check that
the cables are properly connected.
Step 3 When the ESMs are communicating with the monitoring module, check whether
the communication is normal. If the running indicator on an ESM is steady on, the
ESM communicates properly with the monitoring module. If the indicator blinks
fast, the communication is interrupted. In this case, check that the
communications cable is properly connected.
Step 4 Observe the ESMs for 15 minutes. The ESMs are running properly if the alarm
indicators are off.
----End

Setting Parameters

NOTICE

The default charge current limit coefficient for ESMs is 0.15C10.

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User Manual 6 Power-On and Commissioning

Table 6-2 Setting parameters

No. Parameter Standard Value Value for Enabling the
Intelligent Displacement Lock
Antitheft Function

1 Capacity N (ESM quantity) x 100 Ah N (ESM quantity) x 97 Ah

2 Charge current 0.15C10 0.15C10

limiting
coefficient

3 Boost charge 56.4 V 56.4 V

voltage

4 Float charge 54.5 V 54.5 V

voltage

5 LLVD disconnect 47 V 47.6 V

voltage

6 BLVD disconnect 40.5 V 46 V

voltage

7 ESM alarm dry Closed: normal

contact 1 Open: alarm (By default, an alarm is reported when the dry contact
is open.)

8 ESM alarm dry Closed: normal

contact 2 Open: alarm (By default, an alarm is reported when the dry contact
is open.)

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User Manual 7 Acceptance Criteria

7 Acceptance Criteria

Install and verify ESMs to ensure that they work properly.

No. Check Item Acceptance Criteria

1 Indicator The indicator status is normal (the RUN indicator is steady

status on and no indicator is red).

2 Working You are advised to simulate a mains outage and recovery.

status The working status of the ESM is normal in the simulated
condition.

3 Current The ESM current is normal. According to system settings,

the current deviation is within ±2 A.

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User Manual 8 ESM Antitheft Function

8 ESM Antitheft Function

8.1 Activating the ESM Electronic Lock

NetEco WebUI
NOTE

● To remotely activate an iLock, you need to connect the ESM to the NMS equipped with
the required license.
● This document uses iMaster NetEco V600R022C10 as an example.

Step 1 Log in to the NetEco.

Step 2 On the NetEco, choose Device Management > Battery Management.

Step 3 Choose Maintenance Management > Device iLock > Battery iLock.

Step 4 On the NetEco WebUI, set iLock Enable to Enable.

----End

8.2 Deactivating the ESM Electronic Lock

NOTICE

● To remotely activate an iLock, you need to connect the ESM to the NMS
equipped with the required license.
● Before NetEco replacement or SMU software R-version upgrade, deactivate the
electronic lock of the ESM.
● You need to deactivate the electronic lock if an ESM with the license activated
will be connected to another site.

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User Manual 8 ESM Antitheft Function

NetEco WebUI
Step 1 Log in to the NetEco WebUI and choose System > License Management.I
Step 2 Select the ESM and click Manual Allocate.
Step 3 Select the ESM and click Deactivate.
NOTE

After deactivation, the ESM status is displayed as Inactive.

----End

8.3 Intelligent Displacement Lock and IoT Module

For details about installing the IoT module or locally setting the intelligent
displacement lock function, see Intelligent Displacement Lock and IoT Module
V100R022C10 Installation Guide.

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User Manual 9 Maintenance and Replacement

9 Maintenance and Replacement

Before performing operations, read through the manual and pay attention to
safety precautions. Only qualified and trained personnel are allowed to perform
operations.

DANGER

● Wear dedicated protective gears and use insulated tools to avoid electric shocks
or short circuits.
● Do not smoke or have an open flame around batteries.
● Do not use wet cloth to clean exposed copper bars or other conductive parts.
● Do not use water or any solvent to clean batteries.

WARNING

● Do not maintain batteries with power on. To power off the batteries before
performing operations such as checking and tightening screw torques, explain
the risks to the customer, obtain the customer's written consent, and take
effective preventive measures.
● After batteries are discharged, charge them in time to avoid damage due to
overdischarge.

CAUTION

● During battery installation or maintenance, ensure that the battery circuit

breaker is OFF or the battery fuse is removed, and that the battery is set to the
maintenance mode.
● Keep the battery loop disconnected during installation and maintenance.
● Exercise caution when moving batteries to prevent bumping and ensure
personal safety.

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User Manual 9 Maintenance and Replacement

NOTICE

The battery software can be upgraded only when the AC input power is normal to
avoid service interruption.

9.1 Routine Maintenance

To ensure the optimal operating status of ESMs, check and maintain ESMs
regularly. When maintaining ESMs, record related information for checking ESM
management parameters in the future.

Table 9-1 ESM maintenance

No. Check Item Acceptance Criteria Check Method and Recommended

Troubleshooting Check Interval

1 Installation There is no air exhaust ● Check method: visual Quarterly

position vent or refrigerant inspection
copper pipe of the air ● Troubleshooting:
conditioner placed Rectify the fault based
above the ESM, and on the acceptance
no other water criteria.
leakage risks exist.

2 Battery ● The battery surface ● Check method: visual Quarterly

appearance is clean without inspection
water stains, dust ● Troubleshooting:
accumulation, or
other stains. – Use a soft cotton
cloth to clean the
● Battery wiring battery surface to
terminals are keep it clean and
intact. free of stains.
● Batteries are intact – Contact technical
and free of support engineers.
damage,
deformation,
bulges, and cracks.
● Batteries have no
electrolyte leakage.
(If electrolyte
leakage occurs,
there will be a
pungent smell.)

3 Indicator status Check the running ● Check method: visual Quarterly

of the ESM status of ESMs by inspection
observing their ● Troubleshooting: If a
indicators. For details, fault alarm is
see Table 2-5. generated, see 9.3
Troubleshooting.

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User Manual 9 Maintenance and Replacement

No. Check Item Acceptance Criteria Check Method and Recommended

Troubleshooting Check Interval

4 Ground cables The ground cables of ● Check method: visual Quarterly

the ESMs are secured inspection
to the ground bar, and ● Troubleshooting:
the screws are Tighten the screws.
tightened.

5 Power cables and Screws are tightened. ● Check method: visual Quarterly
terminals The insulation layers inspection
of cables are intact ● Troubleshooting:
and terminals are free Replace the cables and
from black marks and tighten the loose
noticeable sparks. screws.

6 Battery ● Disconnect power ● Inspection method: (1) Yearly

connection supply to batteries Visual inspection. (2)
(recommended) and then check the Verify. Disconnect
battery power power supply to the
terminal corresponding battery
connection. route, ensure that
● Use a torque batteries enter the
wrench to check maintenance state, and
whether the use an insulated torque
tightening torque wrench to check the
of each battery screw torque.
screw meets the ● Troubleshooting:
requirements. After Rectify the fault based
checking that the on the acceptance
screw torque meets criteria.
the requirements,
mark the screw for
subsequent check.

9.2 Replacing an ESM

Prerequisites
● The insulated gloves, protective gloves, Phillips screwdriver, and socket wrench
are available.
● You have confirmed the model of the ESM to be replaced and a new ESM is
available.
● You are authorized to enter the site with the key.
● (Optional) The intelligent displacement lock is disabled. For details, see
Intelligent Displacement Lock and IoT Module V100R022C10 Installation
Guide.

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User Manual 9 Maintenance and Replacement

NOTE

Wear insulated gloves when touching energized parts (such as circuit breakers, power
terminals, busbars, or power cables) or inserting and removing modules.

Replacement Requirements

NOTICE

To keep power continuity during ESM replacement, ensure that other power
sources, such as the mains, genset, or a third-party DC power source, provide
continuous power supply.

Conditions for the ESM to enter and exit the maintenance mode:
1. If the intelligent displacement lock antitheft function is disabled, hold down
the MANUAL ON/OFF button for at least 15s to enter the maintenance mode.
2. Hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button for at least 15s to exit the
maintenance mode.
Before replacing an ESM in an actual maintenance scenario, hold down the
MANUAL ON/OFF button for the ESM to power off. After the ESM is replaced,
hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button on the new ESM to exit the maintenance
mode.

Removing an Old ESM

Step 1 Wear protective gloves.
Step 2 Switch the BAT– battery circuit breaker in the power system to OFF or remove the
battery fuse.
Step 3 Hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button for 15s to enter the maintenance mode
(in maintenance mode, all indicators blink fast, the ESM is activated, but it will
not be charged or discharged).
Step 4 Disconnect the cables from the old ESM. Insulate each cable and label them
immediately.
Step 5 Loosen the screws on the panel and remove the ESM.

----End

Installing a New ESM

Step 1 Install the new ESM and tighten the screws.
Step 2 Hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button for 15s to enter the maintenance mode
(in maintenance mode, all indicators blink fast, the ESM is activated, but it will
not be charged or discharged).
Step 3 Connect the cables to the new ESM based on the cable labels.
Step 4 Switch the BAT– battery circuit breaker in the power system to ON or reinstall the
battery fuse using a fuse extracting unit.

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User Manual 9 Maintenance and Replacement

Step 5 Hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button for 15s to exit the maintenance mode.
The battery is automatically activated and connects to the power system.

Step 6 Remove the protective gloves and pack up all tools.

----End

Follow-up Procedure
● Put the removed component into the ESD box or bag and then place the ESD
box or bag into the carton box with foams or the packing case of the new
component.
● Fill in the fault card with the information about the removed component.
● Contact your local office to handle the faulty component.

9.3 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Fault Type Fault Generation Possible Causes Troubleshooting
Condition

BMS fault 1. The cell voltage 1. The welding point for cell Replace the ESM.
sampling circuit is voltage sampling is loose or
faulty. disconnected.
2. The cell temperature 2. The voltage sampling
sampling circuit is terminal is disconnected.
faulty. 3. The fuse in the voltage
sampling circuit is blown.
4. The cell temperature sensor
has failed.

Cell fault The cell voltage is low or 1. Due to large self-discharge, Replace the ESM.
unbalanced. the cell overdischarges to
below 2.0 V after long-term
storage.
2. The cell is damaged by
external factors, and short
circuits, pinpricks, or crushing
occurs.

Overvoltage 1. The busbar voltage is 1. The busbar input voltage If the ESM cannot
protection greater than 59.4 V in exceeds the normal value. be recovered due
charging state. 2. Cells are not consistent. The to protection
2. The maximum cell capacity of some cells against
voltage is greater than deteriorates too fast or the abnormality,
3.9 V. internal resistance of some contact local
cells is too high. engineers to
3. The ESM voltage is rectify the fault.
greater than 55 V.

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User Manual 9 Maintenance and Replacement

Fault Type Fault Generation Possible Causes Troubleshooting

Condition

Undervoltage 1. The ESM voltage is less 1. The mains power failure has
protection than 44 V. lasted for a long time.
2. The minimum cell 2. Cells are not consistent. The
voltage is less than 2.5 capacity of some cells
V. deteriorates too fast or the
internal resistance of some
cells is too high.

Charge high The highest cell 1. The ESM ambient

temperature temperature is greater temperature is too high.
protection than 60°C. 2. There are abnormal heat
Discharge The highest cell sources around the ESM.
high temperature is greater
temperature than 65°C.
protection

Charge low The lowest cell 1. The ESM ambient

temperature temperature is less than temperature is too low.
protection 0°C.

Discharge The lowest cell

low temperature is less than –
temperature 20°C.
protection

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ESM-48100U2
User Manual A FAQs

A FAQs

ESM Charging Failed

● Possible causes:
– Low battery temperature: The ESM cannot be charged at low
temperature because low temperature protection is triggered.
– Weak AC power supply: The AC power supply is insufficient and the
busbar voltage is low, so the battery cannot be charged.
– Incorrect charging voltage parameter settings: The battery charging
voltage parameters are incorrectly set and the busbar voltage is low, so
the battery cannot be charged.
– Battery contactor or fuse fault: The charge loop of the ESM is faulty so
the battery cannot be charged.
– ESM activation cable not installed: If the ESM is used with an anti-reverse
subrack, the ESM cannot be activated upon mains power recovery after
deep discharge protection is triggered.
● Solutions:
– Low battery temperature: If the ESM is used in a low-temperature
environment, a heater needs to be installed in the cabinet. The ESM can
be charged after low-temperature protection stops.
– Weak AC power supply: Reconstruct the AC power supply onsite to meet
power requirements of the site.
– Incorrect charge voltage parameter settings: Check the charge voltage
parameter settings and set the charge voltage of the ESM according to
the user manual.
– Battery contactor or fuse fault: Apply for a spare part and replace the
faulty part.
– ESM activation cable not installed: Connect an ESM activation cable if the
ESM is used with an anti-reverse subrack.

ESM Backup Time Abnormal

● Possible causes:
– The boost and float charging voltages of the ESM are incorrectly set. As a
result, the ESM is not fully charged.

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User Manual A FAQs

– The LLVD and BLVD voltages of the ESM are set too high.
– The discharge temperature of the ESM is too low.
– The discharge rate of the ESM is too high.
● Solutions:
– Insufficient charge due to incorrect boost and float charging voltage
settings: Check the charging voltage parameter settings and set the ESM
charging voltage according to the user manual.
– High LLVD and BLVD voltage settings: Check the LLVD and BLVD voltage
parameter settings and set them to the recommended values in the user
manual.
– Low discharge temperature: If the ESM is used in a low-temperature
environment, a heater needs to be installed in the cabinet. The ESM can
be charged after low-temperature protection stops.
– High discharge rate: Expand the capacity of ESMs of the same type at the
site to reduce the ESM discharge rate.

ESM Restart
Step 1 Switch off the ESM circuit breaker.
Step 2 Hold down the MANUAL ON/OFF button on the ESM panel for at least 5s and less
than 15s to power off the ESM.
Step 3 Switch on the ESM circuit breaker.

----End

ESM Activation Button Failed

● Possible causes:
– The ESM iLock (displacement lock) is activated.
– After the GPS module is installed, the ESM activation button is shielded
by default.

ESM Communication or Identification Failed

● Possible causes:
– The ESM communications cable is incorrectly connected.
– The termination resistor is not installed or incorrectly installed.

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ESM-48100U2 B Mapping Between Monitoring Modules and
User Manual Software Versions in a Huawei Power System

B Mapping Between Monitoring Modules

and Software Versions in a Huawei Power
System

Table B-1 Mapping between monitoring modules and software versions in a

Huawei power system
Monitoring Module Model Software Version

SMU02C_X iSitePower V100R022C10 or later

SMU02C SMU V500R003C10 or later

SMU02B SMU V500R002C20 or later

ECC500 ECC500 V883 or later

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User Manual C Preparing Terminals

C Preparing Terminals

Cut a cable of a proper length and install terminals.

Preparing a Cord End Terminal

Figure C-1 Preparing a cord end terminal

(1) Cable (2) Cord end terminal (3) Crimping tool

Preparing an OT Terminal

Figure C-2 Preparing an OT terminal

(1) Cable (2) OT terminal (3) Heat-shrink tubing

(4) Hydraulic pliers (5) Heat gun

Preparing an RJ45 Connector

Before crimping, ensure that the RJ45 connector has the same specifications as the
cable. If the wires are connected in a different sequence, refer to the following
figure for reconnecting them.

After preparing a straight-through cable, use a network tester to test the

connectivity.

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ESM-48100U2
User Manual C Preparing Terminals

Figure C-3 Preparing an RJ45 connector

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User Manual D Symbol Conventions

D Symbol Conventions

To ensure personal and equipment safety, observe all the safety instructions
marked on the equipment when installing, operating, and maintaining the
equipment.

Symbol Description

Be cautious to prevent injury when moving heavy objects.

Read the user manual before operating the product.

Warns users of overheating. This symbol is attached to a

device surface that may overheat and cause scalding. It
warns users not to touch the surface during operations or
maintenance. Users should wear heat insulation gloves
before operations to prevent scalding.

Indicates protective grounding. This symbol is attached

or near the protective ground terminal and is used beside a
terminal through which a device is connected to an
external grounding grid. An equipment ground cable is
connected to an external ground bar through the
protective ground terminal.

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User Manual E Acronyms and Abbreviations

E Acronyms and Abbreviations

B
BLVD battery low voltage disconnection
BMU battery management unit
BMS battery management system

E
ESM energy storage module

L
LLVD load low voltage disconnection

S
SMU site monitoring unit
SOC state of charge

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