© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

RAINWATER HARVESTING WITH

RECHARGE SHAFT AND PIT
Mr. Patil Mohanish Hemant,1 Mr. Dargode Nikhil Arun,2
Mr. Patil Siddhant Vilas,3 Mr. Nikam Rushikesh Subhash,4
Professor. Dr. K. T. Patil5, Professor. Dr. Pravin D. Nemade6
1234
Student Department of Civil Engineering, Marataha Vidya Prasarak Samaj’s Karmaveer Adv. Baburao Ganpatrao
Thakare College of Engineering Nashik-13.
56
Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Marataha Vidya Prasarak Samaj’s Karmaveer Adv. Baburao Ganpatrao
Thakare College of Engineering Nashik-13.
Abstract
Insufficient infiltration capacity of soil leads to water logging problems. In order to solve the problem of water logging in KBTCOE’S
campus. Construction of recharge shaft and recharge pit successfully filters water and transmit it to depth of ground. However, by
recharge shaft and recharge pit it can be solved successfully.
Artificial groundwater recharge is as for a water has increased awareness towards the use of process of induced replenishment of the
ground water reservoir by human activities. The primary objective of this technology is to preserve or enhance groundwater resources
in various parts of India which includes conservation or disposal of floodwaters, control of saltwater intrusion, storage of water to
reduce pumping and piping costs, temporary regulation of groundwater abstractions, and water quality improvement by dilution by
mixing with naturally- occurring groundwater (Asano, 1985). In such areas, there is need for artificial recharge of groundwater by
methods such as water spreading, recharge through pits, shafts, wells and many more. The choice of a particular method is governed
by local topographical, geological and soil conditions; the quantity and quality of water available for recharge; and the technological-
economical viability and social acceptability of such schemes. This paper discusses various issues involved in the artificial recharge
of groundwater.
Keyword: Shaft, Pit, Rainwater Harvesting.

1. Introduction
Project is consisting of Rainwater Harvesting & Recharge the Aquifers by using Recharge Shaft and Pit. In this particular
project and required depth there is a hard strata and that’s why water gets hardly particulate in this region, hence with
the help of Resistivity meter survey we found the fractured zone at 78.5 feet to 85 feet beneath the ground depth. Hence
to enhance and simplify the percolation of water we have provided the Recharge Shaft & Pits along with the drill hole
of 85 feet deep till the fractured zone. Because of that hard strata we get while excavation, we provided 13 feet depth to
the Recharge shaft. The drill hole we have taken is of 100 feet deep and in that till 20 feet from ground level there is
casing pipe thoroughly has Small drill holes on pipe in concern to percolate more water & while up to the 20 feet from
ground level there is layer of soil & murrum. To enter the surface runoff of rainwater into Recharge shaft and Pit we
provided three layers of Boulders ,aggregates and wash sand to settle down the sediments coming with the rainwater.
The recharge of ground water occurs both naturally and artificially. The natural recharge occurs through the process of
infiltration where the water percolates from the surface to the bed of the aquifer. But due to rapid development and
stupendous growth of population in the recent past the areas for natural infiltration have been lessening day by day, hence

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f818
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

the scope for natural recharge of the groundwater is also declining. In contrast to natural recharge (which results from
natural causes); artificial recharge is the use of water to replenish artificially the water supply in an aquifer. Of all the
factors in the evaluation of groundwater resources, the rate of recharge is one of the most difficult to derive with
confidence. Estimates of recharge are normally subject to large uncertainties and spatial and temporal variability. The
increasing demand artificial recharge to augment ground water supplies. Stated simply, artificial recharge is a process
by which excess surface-water is directed into the ground either by spreading on the surface, by using recharge wells, or
by altering natural conditions to increase infiltration to replenish an aquifer. It refers to the movement of water through
man-made systems from the surface of the earth to underground water-bearing strata where it may be stored for future
use. Artificial recharge (sometimes called planned recharge) is a way to store water underground in times of water surplus
to meet demand in times of shortage. Some applications of artificial recharge are in wastewater disposal, waste treatment,
secondary oil recovery, prevention of land subsidence, storage of freshwater within saline aquifers, crop development,
and streamflow augmentation.
Problem Statement
 Rainwater causes water-logging problems. Water- logging causes various problems like runoff. Some of the
biggest problem associated with Runoff is water-logging, at various places.
 Effectively Harvesting Rainwater from MVP's KBTCOE campus can reduce its. adverse effect to greater extent.
1.2 Objectives
To Control the runoff from MVP’s KBTCOE Campus (Ground) and recharge the aquifer.
To Overcome water logging issues in MVP’s KBT COE Campus (Ground).
2. Literature review
2.1 “A Groundwater Artificial Management Tool: Case Study of The Drava River In Maribor” Freewat Project 2020
FREEWAT’s, the main impact will be most felt in enhancing science and in the participatory approach and evidence-
based decision making in water resource management, hence, producing relevant and appropriate outcomes for policy
implementation.
2.2 “A Review on Artificial Groundwater Recharge in India” SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering 2016, In
this paper, Artificial recharge of ground water should be licensed and controlled by competent authorities according to
specific requirements laid down in an appropriate permit system that should be flexible to adapt to site- specific
conditions. The question of ground-water exploitation should be clarified on a case-by-case basis, taking into account all
relevant aspects, including ecological ones.
2.3 “Water logging problems in Egypt’s Deserts: Case study Abu Mena archaeological site using geospatial techniques”
Science Direct 2020, The present study indicates that since the initiation of the reclamation projects in West Al Nubariya
area, the groundwater level has significantly increased in Abu Mena depression and has reached the ground surface
forming several ponds, water bodies, soil salinization and deterioration of buildings including Abu Mena archaeological
site. The water-bearing formation in this area is underlain by the Pliocene impervious sticky clay layer, which act as a
barrier (seal) that prevents downward percolation of excess irrigation water.
2.4 “Seasonal Water logging Problem In A Mega City: A Study of Kolkata.” Quest Journals Journal of Research in
Humanities and Social Science 2016, presented study Water logging is become a severe problem in Kolkata metropolitan
region with the increase of the high-rise buildings, which made the land congested and disrupted also. The sewerage and
drainage system of the Kolkata is disrupting day by day due to unscientific land use system in the city. Mainly in the
central portion of this metropolitan city‟s decreases the amount of open surface and there has created submergence due
to ongoing high rises. So in this area badly affected in water logging situation after small downpour. Not only central
part of K.M.C, Water logging is a persistent problem in different area of the Kolkata.
2.5 “Recharge Trench cum Recharge Shaft New Concept for Groundwater Recharge for Sustainability of source: A Case
Study.” International Journal of Current Medical and Applied Sciences 2015, Conducted study on, Sustainability of any
source depends on the availability of water. The source of water may be groundwater or surface water. Majority of rural
water supply schemes are based on groundwater and hence to enhance the sustainability of such water supply schemes,
Groundwater Recharge becomes imperative, especially in case of over exploited areas. Artificial groundwater recharge
is a process by which the groundwater reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding the augmentation rate under natural
conditions of replenishment.

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f819
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

3. Methodology
3.1 Flowchart:

Problem statement

Objectives

Experimental study

Results and discussion

Conclusion

Following are the steps:

Conducting Contour Survey

Conducting Profile Levelling survey
Conducting Electrical resistivity survey
Collecting Annual rainfall data
Obtaining Maximum and Minimum Rainfall
Calculating Surface Runoff
Determining Runoff Collection Points
Determining Dimensions of Recharge Pit and Recharge Shaft
Fabrication
3.1.1 Contour Survey
Contouring in surveying is the determination of elevation of various points on the land and fixing these points of same
horizontal positions in the contour map. A contour map is very useful since it provide valuable information about the
land. Contour survey is carried out at the starting of any engineering project such as a road, a railway, a canal, a dam, a
building etc.
3.1.2 Profile Levelling
Profile Leveling is used to establish changes in elevation along a line. Common lines requiring surveying are drains,
roads, fences, and retaining walls. When this information is plotted on a graph, it will give a profile of the line and will
enable one to establish grades, find high or low spots, and make estimates of depths of cuts and many other decisions.
The following sections will illustrate the procedure for profile leveling and the preferred way to record the data.

Figure 1 Autocad Sheet of Contour Survey and Profile Levelling

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f820
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

3.1.3 Electrical Resistivity Survey

Electrical resistivity survey are one of a number of methods used for engineering geological investigations. In this type
of survey electrical resistance meters are used to detect and map the subsurface, features and patterning. This survey is
carried out to find depth of bedrock, to find out the thickness of soil, to find out electrical resistivity.
Table 1 True Resistivity and Rock Type and Layers of Strata
Strata / Layer Resistivity Depth ( m ) Thickness (m ) Rock Type

L1 10.56 0–2 2 Soil / Murrum

L2 39.49 2–3 1 Hard Amygdaloidal Basalt

L3 157 3–6 3 Compact Basalt

L4 299.04 6–8 2 Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt

L5 51.05 8 – 10 2 Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt

L6 86.02 10 – 14 4 Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt

L7 57.09 14 – 16 2 Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt

L8 93.09 16 – 20 4 Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt

L9 52.34 20 – 22 2 Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt

L 10 78.5 22 – 24 2 Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt

L 11 -8 24 – 26 2 Fractured Basalt

3.1.4 Rainfall Data

Annual Rainfall data is needed to Determine the size of recharge pit. From the peak rainfall successfully harvested
rainwater is calculated from runoff and deducing evaporation and infiltration losses.
Annual Rainfall data is obtained from Meteorological Department,Meri.
3.1.5 Obtaining Maximum and Minimum Rainfall
Obtaining minimum and maximum rainfall data is needed to determine maximum and minimum runoff.
3.1.5 Surface Runoff
Surface runoff always occurs when the access of water to the ground surface is higher than the infiltration capacity of
the soil.

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f821
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

The Rational Method Equation -

The surface runoff is calculated by Rational formula.
The equation that is the centerpiece of the Rational Method is: q = CxIxA, where q is peak surface runoff rate in cfs,
from a watershed of area, A acres, and runoff coefficient, C, due to a storm of intensity, i in/hr. The units on peak runoff
rate, q, are actually acre-in/hr.
3.1.6 Recharge Shaft and Pit
Depth of the recharge pit is 13 feet, consisting layer boulders of 3feet depth from bottom of recharge pit, from layer of
boulder that is above 3 feet from recharge pit another layer of filter media consisting 40 mm of aggregate of 3 feet.
Above this layer there is filter media of 4 feet of fine sand remaining 3 feet of space is there for settling of the water
Relatively clean water gets into shaft.
Recharge shaft is placed in recharge pit surrounding the filter media.
The depth of bore drill is 100 feet.
The casing pipe is placed upto 25 feet with the holes that water can travels from shaft into it.
4. Data collection and processing
Nashik is a city located on the Northwestern part of Maharashtra, INDIA. It is one of the most dynamic cities of India
with one of the fastest growth rates due to immigration from various parts of other states of India. Nashik is one of the
cleanest cities of India and is also known by several other names like "RAM BHUMI”. The city is situated on the banks
of the Godavari river. Nashik has mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. Nashik is well known for
being one of the Hindu pilgrimage sites of the KUMBH MELA , which is held in every 12 years. The city is famous for
Grapes and Wineries. The city called “Wine Capital of India”.
4.1 General Information of Nashik City
Table 2Information of Nashik City
Country India

State Maharashtra

District Nashik

Latitude 19.9975°N

Longitude 73.7898°E

Height above sea level 584 m

Coordinates 19.9975°N,73.7898°E

Population 14,86,053 (2011)

Langauges Marathi, Hindi, English

Area 267km²

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f822
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

4.2 Rainfall Data

The normal rain fall of the Nashik can be considered at 1232 mm with average number of 45 rainy days. The main
monsoon period in study area is ranging from June to September. Runoff is calculated from rainfall data is 35m³ for
College playground.
Table 3 Average Monthly Rainfall Data of Nashik City in mm
Month 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

January 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

February 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

March 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

April 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

May 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

June 0.6 11.04 mm 4.52 mm 4.24 mm 8.43 mm

July 16.30 mm 16.45 mm 9.51 mm 16.38 mm 3.1 mm

August 14.14 mm 4.90 mm 3.51 mm 13.87 mm 8.23 mm

September 1.90 mm 3.44 mm 2.03 mm 6.07 mm 4.63 mm

October 4.2 mm 3 mm 0 mm 3.48 mm 2.87 mm

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f823
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

Table 4 Monthly Rainfall Data of Nashik City

Month 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

January 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

February 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

March 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

April 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

May 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

June 18 mm 331.2 mm 135.6 mm 127.2 mm 252.9 mm

July 489 mm 493.5 mm 294.3 mm 491.4 mm 93 mm

August 424.2 mm 147 mm 105.3 mm 416.1 mm 246.9 mm

September 57 mm 103.2 mm 60.9 mm 182.1 mm 138.2 mm

October 126 mm 90 mm 0 mm 104.4 mm 86.1 mm

November 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

December 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm

4.3 Calculations
The quantity of water to be recharge is calculated as follow. Then number of pits which is required to manage surface
water are encountered for proposed site. From analysis part, further calculation is carried out to determine the size of pit
and Pit capacity.
For Concrete Surface: -

a) Volume of Rainfall over the roof of 2 building of college = Area of Plot × AnnualRainfall
b) Effectively Harvested water from rainfall = 3721.32 × 0.80 × 0.85 = 2530.5m³ Take, Coefficient for roof = 0.85
Coefficient for evaporation = 0.80

For Playground: -
Volume of rainfall over the Plot or Playground = 1.232 × 4000 = 4928m³
Effectively Harvested rainwater = 4928 × 0.35 × 0.80 = 1379.84m³Take, Coefficient for
Playground = 0.35
Coefficient for evaporation = 0.80
Total rainwater effectively harvested = 1379.84 + 2530.5 = 6307.84m³

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f824
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

Design of Pit: -
The capacity of Pit = A × r × c
Where, A= Surface area of roof top catchment
r= Peak rainfall in 15 min. = (Assuming 25mm) = 0.025m
Tank capacity for Concrete Surface = 3020.552 × 0.85 × 0.025 = 64.19m³Tank capacity for
Playground = 4000 × 0.35 × 0.025 = 35m³
Total Pit Capacity = 64.190m³ + 0.025m³ = 99.19m³ ⁓ 100m³
Table 5 Calculations for Find Rock Type with Resistivity Readings
Sr. No. A R 1/R 2πa 2πaR

1 1 1.998 0.500 6.283 12.55

2 2 1.188 0.841 12.566 14.92

3 3 1.00 1 18.84 18.84

4 4 0.995 1.005 25.12 24.99

5 5 0.981 1.019 31.4 30.80

6 6 0.900 1.12 37.68 33.91

7 8 0.860 1.162 50.24 43.20

8 10 0.710 1.408 62.8 44.588

9 12 0.650 1.538 75.36 48.98

10 14 0.585 1.70 87.92 51.43

11 16 0.520 1.92 100.48 52.24

12 18 0.485 2.06 113.04 52.82

13 20 0.455 2.19 125.6 57.148

14 22 0.410 2.43 138.16 56.645

15 24 0.385 2.59 150.72 58.027

16 26 0.975 1.02 163.28 159.198

17 28 0.914 1.094 175.84 160.717

18 30 0.755 1.32 188.4 142.24

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f825
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

Formula for Find True Resistivity:

ρ = (∆𝒙 ÷ ∆𝒚) × 𝟔. 𝟐𝟖

ρ1 = (2 ÷ 0.841) × 6..28 = 10.56 ρ2 = (1 ÷ 0.159) × 6.28 = 39.49

ρ3 = (3 ÷ 0.12) × 6.28 = 157 ρ4 = (2 ÷ 0.042) × 6.28 = 299.04

ρ5 = (2 ÷ 0.246) × 6.28 = 51.05 ρ6 = (4 ÷ 0.292) × 6.28 = 86.02

ρ7 = (2 ÷ 0.22) × 6.28 = 57.09 ρ8 = (4 ÷ 0.27) × 6.28 = 93.03

ρ9 = (2 ÷ 0.24) × 6.28 = 52.34 ρ10 = (2 ÷ 0.16) × 6.28 = 78.5

ρ11 = (2 ÷ (-1.57)) × 6.28 = -8 ρ12 = (2 ÷ 0.074) × 6.28 = 169.72

ρ13 = (2 ÷ 0.226) × 6.28 = 55.57

Figure 2 Graph of Resistivity Survey for Layers of Rock

4.4 Lithology of Site

Figure 3 Lithology of Site

2 meter Strata or Layer of Soil and Murrum at G.L. to 7 feet
1 meter Strata or Layer of Hard Amygdaloidal Basalt Rock at 7 feet to 10 feet
4 meter Layer of Compact Basalt at 10 feet to 27 feet

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f826
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

18 meter Layer of Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt at 27 feet to 78.5 feet
2 meter Strata of Fractured Basalt Zone at depth 78.5 feet to 85 feet
2 meter Layer of Hard Compact Basalt 85 feet to 92 feet
2 meter Layer of Very Less Fractured Compact Basalt 92 feet to 100 feet

4.5 Hydrological Aspect for Groundwater Recharge

Storage of water within the earth's crust is dependent upon geological processes that have produced voids capable of
absorbing, transmitting, storing, end yielding water. Voids are numerous in most each material. Some are large enough
to transmit water freely, whereas others. are so small that surface tension exceeds hydrostatic pres3res and the
transmission of water is prevented. Useful ground-water storage capacity is not measured by the porosity of the reservoir
but rather by the amount of water that the reservoir will yield by gravity drainage. This is commonly termed specific
yield. It is the difference between porosity and field moisture capacity. Potential aquifers below the zone of soil moisture
are already at field capacity. Therefore, most of the recharged water either can be recovered or will move to natural
discharge areas.
The following factors must be considered in selecting the proper location of sites for artificial recharge :

a) Water (availability, source, turbidity, quality, etc.)

b) Surface soils
c) Depth to aquifer
d) Geologic structure and capacity of the ground-water reservoir
e) The presence of aquicludes
f) Movement of ground water

An investigation to determine the location, extent, permeability and other physical characteristics of the surface end the
various underlying strata is needed to select the site best adapted to artificial recharge. The greatest volumes and rates of
recharge are possible in thick formations of pervious sands end gravels or porous end cavernous rocks.
4.6 Location of Site

Figure 4 Location of Site

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f827
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

4.7 Section of Shaft and Pit

Figure 5 Section of Recharge Shaft and Pit

Description of Section :-
Shaft is drill upto 100 feet and Pit is excavated around the shaft size of 6ft * 6ft into length to breadth and height upto
13 feet. Casing Pipe is set upto the 25 feet in shaft with 6 inches pipe with the holes to percolate the water. Material is
filling in the pit with the layers. From the bottom of pit 1st layer is boulder upto 3 feet. 2nd layer is Aggregate upto 3
feet. 3rd layer is sand upto 4 feet.and rest of part is open upto 3 feet to set the water and it goes into the shaft.
4.8 Recharge Shaft and Pit on Site

Figure 6. Recharge Shaft and Pit on Site

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f828
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

Figure 7 Material Filling in Pit

Figure 8 Material Filling Layers in Pit

5. Design of recharge shaft and pit
The overall objective of the design is to create a structurally stable, long-lasting, efficient recharge shaft and pit that
allows surface water to move effortlessly and sediment-free from the surface to confined aquifers. Therefore, wells are
of desired volume and quality, and prevents bacterial growth and material decay within the well.
5.1 Components of Recharge Shaft and Pit

100 feet bore drill as a shaft

PVC Casing pipe upto 25 feet with holes
PVC Casing pipe size 6 inches
Rainwater to drain
Filter media of boulders , gravels , aggregates , sand
1 no.Pit size 6ft * 6ft * 13 ft and 4 no. of pits size 4ft * 4ft* 4ft
Brickwork to Pit
Fabrication of mesh to avoid Debris and accidents.

5.2 Calculation for Pit Structure

The quantity of water to be recharge is calculated as follow. Then number of pits which is required to manage surface
water are encountered for proposed site. From analysis part, further calculation is carried out to determine the size of pit
and Pit capacity.

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f829
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

For Concrete Surface :-

c) Volume of Rainfall over the roof of 2 building of college = Area of Plot × AnnualRainfall
d) Effectively Harvested water from rainfall = 3721.32 × 0.80 × 0.85
= 2530.5m³ Take, Coefficient for roof = 0.85
Coefficient for evaporation = 0.80

For Playground: -
c) Volume of rainfall over the Plot or Playground = 1.232 × 4000 = 4928m³
d) Effectively Harvested rainwater = 4928 × 0.35 × 0.80 = 1379.84m³ Take, Coefficient for Playground = 0.35
Coefficient for evaporation = 0.80
Total rainwater effectively harvested = 1379.84 + 2530.5 = 6307.84m³

Design of Pit :-
The capacity of Pit = A × r × c

Where, A= Surface area of roof top catchment

r = Peak rainfall in 15 min. = (Assuming 25mm) = 0.025m

Tank capacity for Concrete Surface = 3020.552 × 0.85 × 0.025 = 64.19m³Tank capacity
for Playground = 4000 × 0.35 × 0.025 = 35m³
Total Pit Capacity = 64.190m³ + 0.025m³ = 99.19m³ ⁓ 100m³

6. Result and conclusion

Result
Project is consist of Rainwater Harvesting & Recharge the Aquifers by using Recharge Shaft and Pit. In this particular
project and required depth there is a hard strata and that’s why water gets hardly particulate in this region , hence with
the help of Resistivity meter survey we found the fractured zone at 78.5 feet to 85 feet beneath the ground depth . Hence
to enhance and simplify the percolation of water we have provided the Recharge Shaft & Pits along with the drill hole
of 85 feet deep till the fractured zone. Because of that hard strata we get while excavation , we provided 13 feet depth to
the Recharge shaft . The drill hole we have taken is of 100 feet deep and in that till 20 feet from ground level there is
casing pipe thoroughly has Small drill holes on pipe in concern to percolate more water & while up to the 20 feet from
ground level there is layer of soil & murrum. To enter the surface runoff of rainwater into Recharge shaft and Pit we
provided three layers of Boulders ,aggregates and wash sand to settle down the sediments coming with the rainwater .
The Recharge Shaft is deep upto the 100 feet and Pit is 2m × 2m × 4m in size and its Recharge Capacity is 35 cubic
meter = 35000 liters water.
Rainfall is considered as 1232 mm per year.
Catchment Area is Considered 4000-meter square.
Total Runoff is 1379.84 cubic meter = 1379840 liters Recharge into the Ground.
Conclusion
Artificial recharge of ground water should be licensed and controlled by competent authorities according to specific
requirements laid down in an appropriate permit system that should be flexible to adapt to site-specific conditions. The
question of ground-water exploitation should be clarified on a case-by-case basis, taking into account all relevant aspects,
including ecological ones. The relevant regulations should establish the extent to which exemptions are allowed. There
is a need for further research and development of artificial recharge techniques for a variety of conditions. In addition,
the economic, managerial and institutional aspects of artificial recharge projects need to be studied further.
Thus it can be concluded that the artificial recharge of groundwater gives the reduction of runoff, increased availability
of groundwater and solve the water logging issue in our MVPS’s KBT College ground and recharge the aquifer.

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f830
© 2022 JETIR August 2022, Volume 9, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

References

1) Khondoker Golam Tawhid (2004)," Causes and Effects of Water Logging in Dhaka City, Bangladesh".
2) National Drinking Water Mission and Department of Rural Development 1989. Rain Water Harvesting. Government of
India, New Delhi.

3) Water Logging And Ground Water Recharge International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET)Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | April 2019 e-ISSN: 2395- 0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072.

4) A Review on Artificial Groundwater Recharge in India SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering ( SSRG – IJCE)
– Volume 3 Issue 1 January 2016.

5) Groundwater responses to artificial recharge of rainwater in Chennai, India: a case study in an educational institution
campus Indian Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 3 No. 2 (Feb 2010 ) ISSN: 0974-6846.

6) Impact of rainfall variability on groundwater resources and opportunities of artificial recharge structure to reduce its
exploitation in fresh groundwater zones of Haryana Article in Current science • October 2014.

7) Manual of Artificial recharge of Ground Water by Govt. of India, Ministry of water Resources, Central ground water
Board.

8) Manual of Indian Meterological Department, Pune. Govt. of India, Ministry of earth sciences,IMD.Rainwater harvesting
potential for different locations in the state of Maharashtra.

9) Manual of Water Conservation of groundwater surveys and development agency, Maharashtra.

10) Manual of Rainwater Harvesting and conservation by Govt. of India, Central public works department, Delhi.
11) Manual on Artificial Recharge of Ground Water 1994. Technical Series – M, No. 3, Central Ground Water Board,
Faridabad, March 1994, 215 p.

12) Recharge Trench cum Recharge Shaft New Concept for Groundwater Recharge for Sustainability of source : A Case
Study. International Journal of Current Medical And Applied Sciences, vol.6. Issue 1, March: 2015. PP: 17-21.

JETIR2208589 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org f831