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Gwrs

The document presents a seminar on groundwater recharge systems, covering topics such as the importance of groundwater, problems due to overexploitation, and various recharge methods like infiltration basins, recharge pits, and rooftop rainwater harvesting. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, along with challenges faced in implementation. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of artificial groundwater recharge technology in enhancing water availability and mitigating the impacts of climate variability.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views16 pages

Gwrs

The document presents a seminar on groundwater recharge systems, covering topics such as the importance of groundwater, problems due to overexploitation, and various recharge methods like infiltration basins, recharge pits, and rooftop rainwater harvesting. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, along with challenges faced in implementation. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of artificial groundwater recharge technology in enhancing water availability and mitigating the impacts of climate variability.

Uploaded by

Sanskruti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDIRA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

SARANG
DEPARTMENT O
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
A S
GROUNDWATE
A Seminar on
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE SYSTEM
Presented by:
SANSKRUTI BISWAL
BRANCH: CIVIL ENGINEERING
ROLL NO. : 401088
REGISTRATION NO. : 2101105566
CONTENTS
1. Groundwater on Earth
2. Problems due to overexploitation
3. Groundwater Recharge and its types
4. Infiltration Basins
5. Flooding
6. Recharge Pits and Trenches
7. Injection Wells
8. Recharge Shafts
9. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
10.Advantages and Disadvantages
11.Challenges
12.Conclusion
13.References
GROUN
DWA-
GROUNDWATER RIVERS, LAKES (1%)
TER
(30%)

ON EARTH
LAND
(29%)

ICE
CAPS,
SNOW,
FRESHWATER (3%) GLACIER
WATER S (69%)
(71%)

NON POTABLE WATER


(97%)
PROBLEMS DUE TO
OVEREXPLOITATION

 Lowering of Groundwater Level


fig. - Land-subsidence in Joshimath,
 Increased Costs for the users
Uttarakhand  Decreased Natural Infiltration
 Increased Drainage Congestion
 Reduction of Water Availability in water
bodies
 Land Subsidence
 Deterioration of Water Quality

fig. Water Salinization


Groundwater Recharge and
its Types
Groundwater recharge refers to the process by which water from
the surface moves downward through the soil and into
underground aquifers.

fig. – Natural Groundwater Recharge


Processes
Groundwater
Recharge

Natural Artificial
Groundwater Groundwater
Recharge Recharge

Surface Rooftop
Subsurface
Infiltration Percolation Seepage Runoff Spreading Rainwater
Methods
Methods Harvesting

Recharge
Infiltration Injection Recharge
Flooding Pits and
Basins Wells Shafts
Trenches
INFILTRATION
BASINS
Large depressions or basins constructed to capture surface
water (rainfall, stormwater, or treated wastewater) and allow it
to percolate into the soil.
 Feasible in : Sandy, arid or semi-arid areas
 Not Feasible for : Karst Regions or Dense Urban areas
 Area : Less than 10 acres ( Mainly 5 acres )
 Infiltration Rate of Soil used : 0.5 – 3 Inches/hr
 Clay Content in Soil used : Less than 20 %
 Minimum distance between Water Table and Bottom of
Basin : 4 ft
 Bottom of the basin should be covered with gravel or
courser sand.
 Side slopes should be less and planted.
 Case Study : Korattur Lake in Chennai – Increase in
Groundwater table to 2-3m along with better flood control
was observed.
FLOODING
Water is spread over flat land to allow natural infiltration.
This method is commonly used in agricultural areas.

 Area : Flat Topography, Undisturbed vegetation and


Alluvial soil
 Water is spread as a thin sheet
 Case Study : Saurashtra in Gujarat – Groundwater level
rose to 2-4m above, better crop yield and helped against
Drought in 2018
RECHARGE PITS &
TRENCHES
Recharge Pits were constructed as small, deep, vertical
excavations that capture surface runoff and rainwater.
These pits were lined with permeable materials like sand,
gravel, and rocks to enhance water infiltration.

 Depth of Pits : 1.5 to 3 m


 Diameter of Pits : 1 to 2 m

Recharge Trenches were shallow, elongated depressions


dug into the ground to capture and channel rainwater.

 Depth of Trenches : 0.5 to 1 m


 Length of Trenches : 50 to 100 m
 Case Study : Alwar District of Rajasthan – Groundwater
table rose by 3-6m and helped from Drought.
INJECTION
WELL
Wells drilled directly into aquifers, where water (such as
treated wastewater or rainwater runoff) is injected under
pressure. This method is efficient for recharging deep
aquifers, especially in urban areas where surface space is
limited.

 Most Effective Process


 Helps against Saltwater intrusion
 Construction and maintenance is comparatively expensive
 Depth : 30 – 100 m
 Construction : Boreholes are drilled and pipes with
perforated sections at specific depths are installed to
allow water to enter the aquifer system.
 Can also be used for waste disposal and oil production
 Case Study : Karbala southwest of Iraq – Groundwater
table increased from 14.7 to 20 m
RECHARGE
SHAFTS
A vertical conduit drilled into the ground, designed to capture
surface runoff (like rainwater or treated wastewater) and
channel it directly into deeper aquifers.

 Areas : Topsoil is not conducive to infiltration


 Depth : 10 – 30 m
 Construction : A borehole is drilled and lined with
perforated PVC or steel pipes. A filter media, usually
consisting of sand, gravel, and boulders, is placed at the
top to filter out sediments before the water enters the
shaft.
 Case Study : Pratishthan Campus, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra - Groundwater table is increased by 6.71m
and that of nearby premises is increased by 3.66m
ROOFTOP RAINWATER
HARVESTING
Rainwater collected from roofs is directed to recharge wells
or pits to enhance groundwater levels.

Water
Rainwater
Desilting Filter Storage reaches
from the
Chamber Chamber Tank the
roof top
Aquifer

 Thickness of Filter Chamber – 1.5:1:3 ( Courser Sand :


Gravel : Boulders)
 Aquifer Depth : Less than 30 m
 Permeable Strata : Shallow Depth
 Case Study : HP Building Bhubaneshwar – Groundwater
table increases 0.7m (pre monsoon) and 2.04m (post
monsoon) at a cost of 8.56 Lakhs
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Sustainability  Water Quality Deterioration
 Sustainable agricultural  Oversaturation of Aquifer
practices  Unpredictability in water
 Flood Control movement
 Cost Effective Storage  Cost and Infrastructure
 Protection against Salt water Requirement
Intrusion and land subsidence  Ecological Impacts
 Drought Mitigation
 Avoids Drainage Congestion
CHALLENGES

 Site Selection
 Water Quality and Pollution Control
 Climatic Variability and Water Availability
 Maintenance
 Urbanization and Encroachment
 Public Awareness and Acceptance
CONCLUSION

Recharge System is a great approach to save water for the future. Artificial
groundwater recharge technology is an important technology to increase water table
and groundwater availability. It plays a crucial role in the reduction of surface runoff,
increase availability of water for irrigation, domestic and industrial sector, improve
the drainage, revival of springs and improvement of groundwater quality and so on. It
is also considered to mitigate the impacts of variability in rainfall patterns under
varying climatic conditions. Additionally, it is primarily important to meet the demand
of spatial water productivity and availability at regional and global scale.
REFERENCE
 A journal on “What is an Injection Well? Benefits, Types, Pros and Cons, Regulations
and Technologies Explained” by Happy Sharer
 A journal on “Groundwater Recharge: Methods, Factors, and Challenges for
Sustainable Resource Management” by C. P. Kumar, Former Scientist 'G', National
Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee - 247667, India
 A journal on “Groundwater Recharge: Methods, Factors, and Challenges for
Sustainable Resource Management” by C. P. Kumar
 A journal on “Artificial Recharge of Groundwater by Injection Wells (Case Study)” by
Dr. Ibtisam R Karim, Ali Mahdi Abd Ali
 A journal on “Geo-hydrological Assessment Of Groundwater Recharge By Shaft And
Pit Method- A Case Study Of Shreeyash Pratishthan Campus, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India” by A.P. Deshmukh, L. B. Borde, P. R. Bhosale, K. P. Patil, S. N.
Chavan, Irshad I. Kuresh, Hastimal S. Kumawat
THANK YOU

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