PLUTO ACADEMY

DAY 1 OF LEARNING PYTHON

What Python is and Why it’s Popular:

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1991.

It is widely known for its simplicity and readability, making it beginner-friendly.

Key Features of Python:

1. Easy to Learn and Use: Python’s syntax is straightforward, similar to English.

2. Versatility: Used in web development, machine learning, data science, artificial intelligence,
automation, and more.

3. Extensive Libraries: Python has a vast standard library (e.g., NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib).

4. Community Support: A large community makes learning resources and problem-solving easy to
find.

We are using the Programiz online compiler to run Python because it offers easy access, is
beginner-friendly, and allows quick debugging. By using this online compiler, we can efficiently focus
on learning and coding without worrying about the technical setup.

How to Write and Run a Python Program:

Example:

print("Hello, World!")

Practice Questions:
1. Write a Python program that prints "Hello, Python!".

2. Install VS Code and run a simple Python program that prints your name.

3. Create a Python program that outputs the message "Learning Python is fun!"

2. Learn Python Basics

Variables and Data Types:
A variable is a container for storing data. Python variables are dynamically typed, meaning you don’t
need to specify the data type explicitly.

Common Data Types in Python:

1. int: Integer values (e.g., 10, -5).

2. float: Decimal values (e.g., 3.14, -0.5).

3. str: String values (e.g., "Hello", "Python").

4. bool: Boolean values (True, False).

Example:

age = 25 # int pi = 3.1415 #

float name = "John" # str

is_raining = True # bool

print(age, pi, name, is_active)

To check the type of the data in python, we have type() function. For example x is a variable. To find
the type of the data of variable x.

print(type(x)) will return the type of the data type of variable x.

print(type(age)) #int

print(type(pi)) #float

print((type(name)) #string

print((type((is_raining)) #boolean

Input and Output:

Input: input() function allows the user to provide input at runtime.

Output:

print() function displays data to the console.

Example: name = input("Enter your name: ") #input

print("Hello, " + name + "! Welcome to Python!") #output

Comments in Python:
Comments help explain your code and are ignored by the Python interpreter.

Single-line comment: Use # at the beginning of the comment.

Multi-line comment: Use triple quotes ''' or """.

Example:

# This is a single-line comment

''' This is a multi-line comment '''

Basic Operators:
Operators are symbols used to perform operations on variables or values. They perform different
operations, such as arithmetic, comparison, logical, etc., depending on the type of operator.

Arithmetic Operators:
These operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations.

+ (Addition): Adds two values.

Example:

a = 10

b=5

print(a + b) # Output: 15

- (Subtraction): Subtracts the second value from the first.

Example: a = 10

b=5

print(a - b) # Output: 5

* (Multiplication): Multiplies two values.

Example: a = 10

b=5

print(a * b) # Output: 50

/ (Division): Divides the first value by the second and returns a float result.

Example: a = 10 b = 5

print(a / b) # Output: 2.0

// (Floor Division): Divides the first value by the second and returns the integer result (ignores the
remainder).

Example: a = 10 b = 3

print(a // b) # Output: 3

% (Modulus): Returns the remainder when the first value is divided by the second.

Example:

a = 10

b=3

print(a % b) # Output: 1

** (Exponentiation): Raises the first value to the power of the second value.

Example:

a= 2
b=3
print(a ** b) # Output:

Comparison Operators:
These operators are used to compare two values and return a boolean result (True or False).

== (Equal to): Returns True if both values are equal.

Example: a = 10 b = 5

print(a == b) # Output: False

!= (Not equal to): Returns True if both values are not equal.

Example: a = 10 b = 5

print(a != b) # Output: True

< (Less than): Returns True if the first value is less than the second.

Example: a = 10 b = 5

print(a < b) # Output: False

> (Greater than): Returns True if the first value is greater than the second.
Example: a = 10 b = 5

print(a > b) # Output: True

<= (Less than or equal to): Returns True if the first value is less than or equal to the second.

Example: a = 10 b = 10

print(a <= b) # Output: True

>= (Greater than or equal to): Returns True if the first value is greater than or equal to the second.

Example: a = 10 b = 5

print(a >= b) # Output: True

Logical Operators
Used to combine conditional statements or perform logical operations.

Operator Description Example Result

and True if both conditions are true (5 > 3) and (4 < 6) True or

True if at least one condition is true (5 > 3) or (4 > 6) True

not Reverses the logical state not (5 > 3) False

Example Code:

a = 10 b = 20 # Logical AND

print(a > 5 and b > 15) # True (both conditions are True)# Logical

OR print(a > 15 or b > 15) # True (one condition is True)

# Logical NOT

print(not(a > 5)) # False (reverses True to False)

Assignment Operators
Used to assign values to variables. They can also combine operations with assignments.
Operator Description Example Result

= Assign a=5 a=5

+= Add and assign a += 3 a=8

-= Subtract and assign a -= 2 a=6

*= Multiply and assign a *= 4 a = 24

/= Divide and assign a /= 3 a = 8.0

**= Exponent and assign a **= 2 a = 64

//= Floor division and assign a //= 5 a = 12

Example Code:

a=5

# Add and assign

a += 3 # a = 5 + 3

print(a) # Output: 8

# Multiply and assign

a *= 2 # a = 8 * 2

print(a) # Output: 16

# Floor division and assign

a //= 3 # a = 16 // 3

print(a) # Output: 5

Membership Operators
Test if a value is present in a sequence like a string, list, or tuple.

Operator Description Example Result

in True if the value exists 'a' in 'apple' True

not in True if the value does not exist 'b' not in 'apple' True

Example Code:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

# Check if "apple" is in the list

print("apple" in fruits) # Output: True

# Check if "mango" is not in the list

print("mango" not in fruits) # Output: True

5. Identity Operators
Compare the memory locations of two objects.

Operator Description Example Result

is True if objects are the same a is b True

is not True if objects are not the same a is not b False

Example Code:

x = [1, 2, 3]

y = [1, 2, 3]

z=x

# Check if x and z reference the same object

print(x is z) # Output: True

# Check if x and y reference the same object

print(x is y) # Output: False (different objects with same content)

# Check if x and y do not reference the same object

print(x is not y) # Output: True

These operators are fundamental to programming as they allow us to manipulate and compare data,
performing calculations and logical checks.

Practice Questions:
1. Write a Python program to store your age in a variable and print it.

2. Create a program that takes two numbers as input and prints their product.

3. Write a Python program to compare two numbers and print whether the first is greater than the
second.