Perfect!

Below are the 100 JAMB Chemistry questions from 10 key topics, each with four answer
options, and the correct answer clearly written below each question — Please note that calculations
are not involved here. Go and check calculations involved in capacitance, resistors, mass-volume
relations, Gas laws and also go and check your Cation and Anion reactions (Color change)..

1. Atomic Structure & Periodic Table

1. The nucleus of an atom contains:

A) Protons and electrons
B) Neutrons and electrons
C) Protons and neutrons
D) Electrons only
Correct answer: C) Protons and neutrons

2. Isotopes have the same:

A) Number of neutrons
B) Mass number
C) Atomic number
D) Physical properties
Correct answer: C) Atomic number

3. What is the maximum number of electrons in the third shell?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 18
D) 32
Correct answer: C) 18

4. What is the number of electrons in 816O^{16}_8O?

A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32
Correct answer: A) 8

5. Across a period in the periodic table, the atomic radius:

A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains constant
D) Doubles
Correct answer: B) Decreases
6. Which of the following is a noble gas?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Neon
D) Hydrogen
Correct answer: C) Neon

7. What is the electron configuration of sodium?

A) 2,8,1
B) 2,7,2
C) 2,6,3
D) 2,8,2
Correct answer: A) 2,8,1

8. The periodic law states that:

A) Properties of elements are random
B) Atomic mass is proportional to properties
C) Properties of elements are periodic functions of atomic number
D) Elements are grouped by weight
Correct answer: C) Properties of elements are periodic functions of atomic number

9. Which of these elements is a transition metal?

A) Sodium
B) Zinc
C) Calcium
D) Potassium
Correct answer: B) Zinc

10. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus
Correct answer: C) Electron

2. Chemical Bonding

1. What type of bond is in NaCl?

A) Covalent
B) Metallic
C) Ionic
 D) Hydrogen
Correct answer: C) Ionic

2. A bond formed by sharing of electrons is:

A) Electrovalent
B) Covalent
C) Metallic
D) Hydrogen
Correct answer: B) Covalent

3. The octet rule refers to:

A) 8 protons
B) 8 electrons in outer shell
C) 8 neutrons
D) 8 orbitals
Correct answer: B) 8 electrons in outer shell

4. The bonding in NH₄⁺ is:

A) Ionic
B) Covalent
C) Coordinate
D) Metallic
Correct answer: C) Coordinate

5. Which of these is a non-polar covalent molecule?

A) H₂O
B) CO₂
C) H₂
D) NH₃
Correct answer: C) H₂

6. Which of these is a polar covalent bond?

A) Cl₂
B) O₂
C) HCl
D) CH₄
Correct answer: C) HCl

7. The bond in metallic substances is:

A) Ionic
B) Covalent
C) Metallic
D) Hydrogen
Correct answer: C) Metallic
8. What kind of bond causes water's high boiling point?
A) Ionic
B) Metallic
C) Hydrogen
D) Coordinate
Correct answer: C) Hydrogen

9. The geometry of methane (CH₄) is:

A) Linear
B) Bent
C) Trigonal planar
D) Tetrahedral
Correct answer: D) Tetrahedral

10. In diamond, each carbon atom forms:

A) 2 bonds
B) 3 bonds
C) 4 bonds
D) 6 bonds
Correct answer: C) 4 bonds

3. Gas Laws

1. Boyle’s law states that:

A) V ∝ T
B) P ∝ T
C) P ∝ 1/V
D) V ∝ 1/T
Correct answer: C) P ∝ 1/V

2. Charles’ law states:

A) P ∝ V
B) V ∝ T
C) P ∝ T
D) T ∝ 1/V
Correct answer: B) V ∝ T

3. Absolute zero is:

A) -273°C
B) 0°C
C) 100°C
 D) 273°C
Correct answer: A) -273°C

4. When temperature is constant, pressure and volume are:

A) Directly proportional
B) Inversely proportional
C) Unrelated
D) Random
Correct answer: B) Inversely proportional

5. The SI unit of pressure is:

A) cmHg
B) Torr
C) atm
D) Pascal
Correct answer: D) Pascal

6. The combined gas law is:

A) PV = nRT
B) P/T = V
C) P = kV
D) PV/T = constant
Correct answer: D) PV/T = constant

7. Which gas will diffuse fastest?

A) H₂
B) O₂
C) CO₂
D) N₂
Correct answer: A) H₂

8. One mole of gas occupies what volume at STP?

A) 11.2 dm³
B) 22.4 dm³
C) 24 dm³
D) 1 dm³
Correct answer: B) 22.4 dm³

9. A balloon expands when heated due to:

A) Boyle’s law
B) Avogadro’s law
C) Charles’ law
D) Graham’s law
Correct answer: C) Charles’ law
10. The law explaining effusion rate is:
A) Boyle’s law
B) Graham’s law
C) Dalton’s law
D) Charles’ law
Correct answer: B) Graham’s law

4. Acids, Bases & Salts

1. The pH of a neutral solution is:

A) 14
B) 0
C) 7
D) 10
Correct answer: C) 7

2. HCl is a:
A) Weak acid
B) Strong acid
C) Weak base
D) Strong base
Correct answer: B) Strong acid

3. NaOH is a:
A) Weak acid
B) Strong acid
C) Weak base
D) Strong base
Correct answer: D) Strong base

4. When an acid reacts with a base, the products are:

A) Salt + gas
B) Salt + water
C) Water + oxygen
D) Water + hydrogen
Correct answer: B) Salt + water

5. An acid turns blue litmus paper:

A) Green
 B) Blue
C) Red
D) Yellow
Correct answer: C) Red

6. Which of the following is a weak acid?

A) HCl
B) H₂SO₄
C) CH₃COOH
D) HNO₃
Correct answer: C) CH₃COOH

7. The salt formed by the reaction of HCl and NaOH is:

A) NaOH
B) NaCl
C) Na₂SO₄
D) Na₂CO₃
Correct answer: B) NaCl

8. Which of these is a base?

A) NaCl
B) HCl
C) Ca(OH)₂
D) H₂SO₄
Correct answer: C) Ca(OH)₂

9. The conjugate base of H₂SO₄ is:

A) SO₄²⁻
B) HSO₄⁻
C) H₃O⁺
D) OH⁻
Correct answer: B) HSO₄⁻

10. A buffer solution resists changes in:

A) Temperature
B) Pressure
C) pH
D) Volume
Correct answer: C) pH

5. Redox Reactions & Electrochemistry

1. Oxidation involves:
A) Gain of electrons
B) Loss of electrons
C) Gain of neutrons
D) Loss of protons
Correct answer: B) Loss of electrons

2. Reduction involves:
A) Loss of electrons
B) Gain of electrons
C) Loss of neutrons
D) Gain of protons
Correct answer: B) Gain of electrons

3. In a zinc/copper galvanic cell, the anode is:

A) Copper
B) Zinc
C) Lead
D) Iron
Correct answer: B) Zinc

4. Electrolysis of brine gives:

A) Cl₂, NaOH, H₂
B) NaOH, O₂, Cl₂
C) Cl₂, H₂, Na
D) Na, O₂, H₂
Correct answer: A) Cl₂, NaOH, H₂

5. A reducing agent:
A) Gains electrons
B) Loses electrons
C) Donates electrons
D) Accepts protons
Correct answer: C) Donates electrons

6. In electrolysis, cations move to the:

A) Anode
B) Cathode
C) Both
D) Neither
Correct answer: B) Cathode

7. The oxidation number of oxygen in H₂O₂ is:

A) 0
 B) -1
C) -2
D) +2
Correct answer: B) -1

8. The device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy is called a:

A) Battery
B) Galvanic cell
C) Fuel cell
D) Electrolyte
Correct answer: B) Galvanic cell

9. In the reaction Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu, which species is reduced?

A) Zn
B) Cu²⁺
C) Zn²⁺
D) Cu
Correct answer: B) Cu²⁺

10. The electrolyte in a lead-acid battery is:

A) H₂SO₄
B) NaCl
C) KOH
D) HNO₃
Correct answer: A) H₂SO₄

6. Rates of Reaction & Chemical Equilibrium

1. A catalyst affects the:

A) Activation energy
B) Rate of reaction
C) Reaction products
D) Concentration of reactants
Correct answer: B) Rate of reaction

2. Increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction because:

A) The activation energy decreases
B) More collisions occur with energy above the activation energy
C) The concentration of reactants increases
D) The volume of the reaction decreases
Correct answer: B) More collisions occur with energy above the activation energy
3. Chemical equilibrium occurs when:
A) The concentrations of products and reactants are equal
B) The forward reaction stops
C) The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
D) The concentration of reactants is constant
Correct answer: C) The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

4. In a reversible reaction, increasing temperature causes the equilibrium to shift:

A) To the side of the reactants
B) To the side of the products
C) No change in position
D) To the right
Correct answer: B) To the side of the products

5. Which of these factors does not affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
A) Temperature
B) Concentration
C) Pressure
D) Colour of reactants
Correct answer: D) Colour of reactants

6. Le Chatelier’s principle predicts that:

A) The reaction will shift to oppose any change in conditions
B) Reactions always proceed in the direction of the reactants
C) Temperature has no effect on equilibrium
D) The reaction will stop
Correct answer: A) The reaction will shift to oppose any change in conditions

7. If the concentration of reactants is increased, equilibrium will shift:

A) Towards the products
B) Towards the reactants
C) Remain unchanged
D) To the right
Correct answer: A) Towards the products

8. An exothermic reaction gives off:

A) Heat
B) Light
C) Sound
D) Cold
Correct answer: A) Heat

9. In the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃, increasing pressure shifts equilibrium:

A) To the left
 B) To the right
C) No shift occurs
D) Both ways
Correct answer: B) To the right

10. The rate of reaction depends on:

A) Temperature
B) Surface area
C) Concentration
D) All of the above
Correct answer: D) All of the above

7. Organic Chemistry

1. The general formula of alkanes is:

A) CₙH₂ₙ
B) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
C) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
D) CₙH₂ₙ₋₄
Correct answer: C) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

2. The functional group of alcohols is:

A) –OH
B) –COOH
C) –C=O
D) –CHO
Correct answer: A) –OH

3. Alkenes are:
A) Saturated
B) Unsaturated
C) Ionic
D) Polar
Correct answer: B) Unsaturated

4. Ethanoic acid is a:
A) Carboxylic acid
B) Alcohol
C) Alkane
D) Ketone
Correct answer: A) Carboxylic acid
5. Ethene + Br₂ gives:
A) Dibromoethane
B) Ethene
C) Ethanol
D) Ethylene oxide
Correct answer: A) Dibromoethane

6. The homologous series has:

A) Different functional groups
B) Different molecular structures
C) Same functional group and similar properties
D) No similar properties
Correct answer: C) Same functional group and similar properties

7. C₂H₂ is:
A) Alkyne
B) Alkene
C) Alkane
D) Alcohol
Correct answer: A) Alkyne

8. Ethanol can be prepared by:

A) Oxidation
B) Fermentation
C) Dehydration
D) Hydrogenation
Correct answer: B) Fermentation

9. Esterification involves the reaction of:

A) Alcohol + Alkene
B) Alcohol + Acid
C) Alcohol + Base
D) Alcohol + Halide
Correct answer: B) Alcohol + Acid

10. Polymerization is used to form:

A) Alcohols
B) Polymers
C) Aldehydes
D) Ethers
Correct answer: B) Polymers
8. Environmental Chemistry

1. The greenhouse effect is caused by:

A) Increased oxygen levels
B) Increased nitrogen levels
C) Increased carbon dioxide levels
D) Increased methane levels
Correct answer: C) Increased carbon dioxide levels

2. Which of these is a major pollutant in urban areas?

A) Carbon monoxide
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Chlorine
Correct answer: A) Carbon monoxide

3. Which of the following is a consequence of acid rain?

A) Decreased plant growth
B) Increased plant growth
C) Decreased CO₂ in the atmosphere
D) Increased ozone production
Correct answer: A) Decreased plant growth

4. A major cause of the depletion of the ozone layer is:

A) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
B) Nitrogen oxides
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Methane
Correct answer: A) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

5. The term "carbon footprint" refers to:

A) The amount of oxygen consumed by humans
B) The total amount of CO₂ emitted by human activities
C) The number of cars in a city
D) The number of trees in an area
Correct answer: B) The total amount of CO₂ emitted by human activities

6. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?

A) Coal
B) Solar energy
C) Natural gas
 D) Petroleum
Correct answer: B) Solar energy

7. Which of these pollutants can cause respiratory problems?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Nitrogen
Correct answer: C) Carbon monoxide

8. Biofuels are:
A) Made from animal products
B) Made from plants and organic waste
C) Produced from fossil fuels
D) Manufactured in laboratories
Correct answer: B) Made from plants and organic waste

9. Which gas contributes most to global warming?

A) Methane
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Carbon dioxide
Correct answer: D) Carbon dioxide

10. The process of recycling is important because it:

A) Increases energy use
B) Reduces waste and conserves resources
C) Increases pollution
D) Reduces the availability of raw materials
Correct answer: B) Reduces waste and conserves resources

9. Energetics (Thermochemistry)

1. The enthalpy change for a reaction is:

A) The heat absorbed or released at constant pressure
B) The heat absorbed or released at constant volume
C) The energy required to break bonds
D) The energy required to form bonds
Correct answer: A) The heat absorbed or released at constant pressure

2. Which of the following reactions is exothermic?

A) Melting of ice
 B) Evaporation of water
C) Combustion of methane
D) Photosynthesis
Correct answer: C) Combustion of methane

3. The heat absorbed when one mole of a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at constant
temperature is called:
A) Enthalpy of formation
B) Enthalpy of fusion
C) Enthalpy of vaporization
D) Enthalpy of combustion
Correct answer: B) Enthalpy of fusion

4. A reaction is said to be endothermic if:

A) It absorbs heat
B) It releases heat
C) It occurs without heat change
D) It releases light
Correct answer: A) It absorbs heat

5. The standard enthalpy change of formation is:

A) The enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in their
standard states
B) The enthalpy change for the reaction of one mole of substance with oxygen
C) The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is burnt
D) The enthalpy change at constant pressure
Correct answer: A) The enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of a compound from its
elements in their standard states

6. What is the unit of enthalpy change?

A) J/mol
B) kJ/mol
C) mol/L
D) L/mol
Correct answer: B) kJ/mol

7. In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change (ΔH\Delta H) is:

A) Positive
B) Zero
C) Negative
D) Always constant
Correct answer: C) Negative
8. Which of the following is a method of determining the enthalpy change of a reaction?
A) Hess's law
B) Boyle’s law
C) Charles's law
D) Le Chatelier’s principle
Correct answer: A) Hess's law

9. The heat of combustion is the heat change when:

A) One mole of a substance is burned completely in oxygen
B) A substance is vaporized
C) A substance is dissolved in water
D) A substance is decomposed
Correct answer: A) One mole of a substance is burned completely in oxygen

10. Which of the following is an example of an endothermic process?

A) Freezing of water
B) Boiling of water
C) Combustion of wood
D) Condensation of steam
Correct answer: B) Boiling of water

10. Solutions & Concentrations

1. The concentration of a solution is defined as:

A) The volume of the solvent
B) The volume of the solute
C) The amount of solute per unit volume of solvent
D) The total volume of the solution
Correct answer: C) The amount of solute per unit volume of solvent

2. Which of the following is the unit of molarity?

A) mol/kg
B) mol/L
C) L/mol
D) mol/L²
Correct answer: B) mol/L

3. When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solute particles:

A) Dissociate into ions
B) Form a precipitate
C) Do not change state
 D) Do not interact with solvent molecules
Correct answer: A) Dissociate into ions

4. The solubility of a gas in a liquid increases with:

A) Decrease in temperature
B) Increase in temperature
C) Increase in volume of gas
D) Decrease in pressure
Correct answer: A) Decrease in temperature

5. What is the molarity of a solution containing 1 mole of NaCl in 1 liter of solution?

A) 0.5 mol/L
B) 1 mol/L
C) 2 mol/L
D) 1.5 mol/L
Correct answer: B) 1 mol/L

6. Which of the following factors does not affect the solubility of a substance?
A) Temperature
B) Pressure
C) Surface area
D) Colour of solute
Correct answer: D) Colour of solute

7. Which of these is a saturated solution?

A) A solution in which the solute has dissolved completely
B) A solution with a large amount of solute
C) A solution that has reached equilibrium between solute and solvent
D) A solution with no solute
Correct answer: C) A solution that has reached equilibrium between solute and solvent

8. The boiling point of a solvent is raised when:

A) A solute is added to it
B) The solute is removed
C) The temperature is decreased
D) The solvent is purified
Correct answer: A) A solute is added to it

9. The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid is called:

A) Precipitation
B) Crystallization
C) Dissociation
D) Solvation
Correct answer: D) Solvation
10. Which of the following is true about dilute solutions?
A) They have a high concentration of solute
B) They have a low concentration of solute
C) They have a high boiling point
D) They have a high freezing point
Correct answer: B) They have a low concentration of solute