Mental Ability

CHAPTER
4 Analogy
'Analogy' means 'correspondence'.
In questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be
identified from the alternatives provided. Analogy tests are, therefore, meant to test a candidate's overall
knowledge, power of reasoning and ability to think concisely and accurately. Below are given some common
relationships which will help you to detect most analogies better:

Common relationships

1. Country and capital :

Ex. Afghanistan : Kabul
Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan.
Some more examples are given below :
Australia : Canberra Canada : Ottawa Japan : Tokyo
Austria : Vienna Spain : Madrid Italy : Rome
Bangladesh : Dhaka Greece : Athens Egypt : Cairo
Bhutan : Thimpu China : Beijing France : Paris
Iraq : Baghdad Iran : Teheran India : Delhi
Denmark : Copenhagen Nepal : Kathmandu Cuba : Havana
Indonesia : Jakarta Kenya : Nairobi Norway : Oslo
Portugal : Lisbon Pakistan : Islamabad Thailand : Bangkok
Sri Lanka : Colombo Russia : Moscow UK : London
USA : Washington
2. State and capital :
Ex. Maharashtra : Mumbai
Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra
Some more examples are given below :
Karnataka : Bangalore Assam : Dispur Bihar : Patna
Orissa : Bhubaneshwar Rajasthan : Jaipur Sikkim : Gangtok
Gujarat : Ahmedabad U.P. : Lucknow Kerala : Trivandrum
Himachal Pradesh : Shimla Meghalaya : Shillong Nagaland : Mizoram
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Tamil Nadu : Chennai Andhra Pradesh : Hyderabad West Bengal : Kolkata

3. Country and currency :
Ex. India : Rupee
Rupee is the currency of India
Some more examples are given below :
Argentina : Peso Bangladesh : Taka Burma : Kyat
China : Yuan Greece : Drachma Iran : Rial
Iraq : Dinar Japan : Yen Korea : Won
Kuwait : Dinar UK : Pound USA : Dollar
Thailand : Baht UAE : Dirham Turkey : Lira
Spain : Peseta Russia : Rouble Germany : Mark
Netherlands : Guilder Sweden : Krona

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4. Instrument and measurement :
Ex. Barometer : Pressure
Barometer is an instrument used to measure pressure.
Some more examples are given below :
Thermometer : Temperature Anemometer : Wind Odometer : Speed
Hygrometer : Humidity Balance : Mass Scale : length
Ammeter : Current Taseometer : Strains Screw gauge : Thickness
Seismograph : Earthquakes Sphygmomanometer :
Blood Pressure
5. Quantity and units :
Ex. Length : Metre
Metre is the unit of measuring length.
Some more examples are given below :
Mass : Kilogram Time : Seconds Force : Newton
Energy : Joule Resistance : Ohm Volume : Litre
Angle : Radians Power : Watt Potential : Volt
Work : Joule Current : Ampere Pressure : Pascal
Area : Hectare Temperature : Degrees Conductivity : Mho
Luminosity : Candela Magnetic Field : Oersted
6. Individual and group :
Ex. Sailors : Crew
A group of sailors is called a crew.
Some more examples are given below :
Cattle : Herd Sheep : Flock Flowers : Bouquet
Bees : Swarm Riders : Cavalcade Man : Crowd
Grapes: Bunch Singer : Chorus Artist : Troupe
Soldiers : Army Fish : Shoal Nomads : Hoarde
Players : Team Rioters : Mob Robbers : Gang
Ministers : Council Musicians : Band Pupils : Class
Pilgrims : Caravan Geese : Gaggle Chicken : Brood
Termites : Colony Goods : Stock Drawers : Chest
7. Animal and young one :
Ex. Cow : Calf
Calf is the young one of cow.
Some more examples are given below :
Bear : Cub Hen : Chick Cat : Kitten
Horse : Colt/Filly/Foal Lion/Tiger : Cub Man : Child
Duck : Duckling Sheep : Lamb Insect : Larva
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Butterfly : Caterpillar Stag : Fawn Frog : Tadpole

Dog : Puppy Deer : Fawn Swan : Cygnet
Cockroach : Nymph
8. Male and female :
Ex. Horse : Mare
Mare is the female horse.
Some more examples are given below :
Dog : Bitch Bull : Cow Cock : Hen
Drone : Bee Stag : Doe Lion : Lioness
Colt : Filly Bullock : Heifer Gander : Goose
Fox : Vixen Drake : Duck Bachelor : Spinster
Nephew : Niece Son : Daughter Lord : Lady
Brother : Sister Wizard : Witch Monk : Nun
Master : Mistress Tutor : Governess Earl : Countess

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 Mental Ability
9. Animal and movement :
Ex. Duck : Waddle
Wadding is the name given to the movement of the duck.
Some more examples are given below :
Bird : Fly Cock : Strut Eagle : Swoop
Owl : Flit Bear : Lumber Donkey : Trot
Elephant : Amble Horse : Gallop Lamb : Frisk
Lion : Prowl Mouse : Scamper Rabbit : Leap
10. Animal/thing and sound :
Ex. Lion : Roar
Roar is the sound produced by a lion.
Some more examples are given below :
Donkey : Bray Frog : Croak Goat : Bleat
Horse : Neigh Snake : Hiss Jackal : Howl
Mice : Squeak Cat : Mew Cattle : Low
Camel : Grunt Elephant : Trumpet Monkey : Gibber
Cock : Crow Owl : Hoot Sparrow : Chirp
Crow : Caw Duck : Quack Hen : Cackle
Bells : Chime Drum : Beat Coins : Jingle
Thunder : Roar Leaves : Rustle Rain : Patter
11. Individua l/thing and clas s :
Ex. Lizard : Reptile
Lizard belongs to the class of Reptiles.
Some more examples are given below :
Man : Mammal Butterfly : Insect Whale : Mammal
Ostrich : Bird Snake : Reptile Rat : Rodent
Frog : Amphibian Pen : Stationery Curtain : Drapery
Chair : Furniture Cup : Crockery Shirt : Garment
12. Individual and dwelling place :
Ex. Dog : Kennel
A dog lives in a kennel.
Some more examples are given below :
Bee : Hive Bird : Nest Cow : Byre/Pen
Eagle : Eyrie Hare : Burrow Horse : Stable
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Lion : Den Mouse : Hole Owl : Barn

Pig : Sty Spider : Web Convict : Prison
Eskimo : Igloo Gypsy : Caravan King : Palace
Knight : Mansion Lunatic : Asylum Monk : Monastery
Nun : Convent Peasant : Cottage Soldier : Barracks
13. Animals/things and keeping place :
Ex. Car : Garage
A car is kept in a garage.
Some more examples are given below :
Aeroplane : Hangar Bee : Apiary Birds : Aviary
Animals : Zoo Clothes : Wardrobe Fish : Aquarium
Grains : Granary Guns : Armoury Curios : Museum
Medicine : Dispensary Patient : Hospital Wine : Cellar

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14. Games and place of playing :
Ex. Badminton : Court
Badminton is played on a court.
Some more examples are given below :
Boxing : Ring Athletics : Stadium Exercise : Gymnasium
Hockey : Ground Skating : Rink Cricket : Pitch
Race : Track Tennis : Court Wrestling : Arena
15. Worker and tool :
Ex. Blacksmith : Anvil
Anvil is the tool used by a blacksmith.
Some more examples are given below :
Carpenter : Saw Chef : Knife Woodcutter : Axe
Author : Pen Soldier : Gun Warrior : Sword
Doctor : Stethoscope Farmer : Plough Surgeon : Scalpel
Gardener : Harrow Mason : Plumbline Sculptor : Chisel
Labourer : Spade Tailor : Needle
16. Tool and action :
Ex. Needle : Sew
A needle is used for sewing.
Some more examples are given below :
Knife : Cut Gun : Shoot Spoon : Feed
Binocular : View Sword : Slaughter Shovel : Scoop
Chisel : Carve Oar : Row Axe : Grind
Auger : Bore Spade : Dig Shield : Guard
Mattock : Dig Pen : Write Spanner : Grip
Tongs : Hold Microscope : Magnify Loudspeaker : Amplify.
17. Worker and working place :
Ex. Chef : Kitchen
A chef works in a kitchen.
Some more examples are given below :
Farmer : Field Teacher : School Clerk : Office
Sailor : Ship Engineer : Site Warrior : Battlefield
Doctor : Hospital Servant : House Grocer : Shop
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Painter : Gallery Waiter : Restaurant Worker : Factory

Umpire : Pitch Gambler : Casino Beautician : Parlour
Artist : Theatre Actor : Stage Mechanic : Garage
Lawyer : Court Scientist : Laboratory Astronomer : Observatory
18. Worker and product :
Ex. Mason : Wall
A mason builds a wall.
Some more examples are given below :
Choreographer : Ballet Dramatist : Play Cobbler : Shoes
Editor : Newspaper Producer : Film Chef : Food
Architect : Design Tailor : Clothes Poet : Poem
Farmer : Crop Author : Book Goldsmith : Ornaments
Carpenter : Furniture Butcher : Meat Teacher : Education.

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19. Product and raw material :
Ex. Prism : Glass
Prism is made of glass.
Some more examples are given below :
Butter : Milk Cloth : Fibre Paper : Pulp
Wine : Grapes Fabric : Yarn Wall : Brick
Road : Asphalt Furniture : Wood Book : Paper
Shoes : Leather Pullover : Wool Sack : Jute
Omelette : Egg Metal : Ore Jewellery : Gold
Rubber : Latex Linen : Flax Jaggery : Sugarcane
Oil : Seed
20. Part and whole relationship :
Ex. Pen : Nib
Nib is a part of a pen.
Some more examples are given below :
Pencil : Lead Class : Student Clock : Needle
Circle : Arc House : Room Car : Steering
Aeroplane : Cockpit Book : Chapter Fan : Blade
Cart : Wheel Bicycle : Pedal
21. Pa ir relations hip :
Ex. Shoes : Socks
Shoes and socks go together.
Some more examples are given below :
Shirt : Trousers Chair : Table Lock : Key
Saree : Blouse Pencil : Eraser Door : Window
Cup : Saucer Horse : Carriage Question : Answer.
22. Study and topic :
Ex. Ornithology : Birds
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Ornithology is the study of birds.

Some more examples are given below :
Seismology : Earthquakes Entomology : Insects Botany : Plants
Anthropology : Man Cardiology : Heart Mycology : Fungi
Pathology : Diseases Physiology : Body Haematology : Blood
Phycology : Algae Pedology : Soil Nephrology : Kidney
Palaeontology : Fossils Ichthyology : Fishes Herpetology : Amphibians
Taxonomy : Classification Selenography : Moon Eccrinology : Secretions
Craniology : Skull Concology : Shells Palaeography : Writings
Astrology : Future Archaeology : Artifacts Onomatology : Names
Zoology : Animals Oology : Eggs Virology : Viruses.

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23. Word and intensity :

Ex. Anger : Rage

Rage is of higher intensity than Anger.

Some more examples are given below :

Wish : Desire Touch : Push Kindle : Burn

Sink : Drown Quarrel : War Error : Blunder

Famous : Renowned Unhappy : Sad Refuse : Deny

Crime: Sin Moisten : Drench Speak : Shout

24. Word and synonym :

Ex. Abode : Dwelling

Abode means almost the same as Dwelling. Thus, Dwelling is the synonym of Abode.

Some more examples are given below :

Blend : Mix Solicit : Request Ban : Prohibition

Presage : Predict Assign : Allot Haughty : Proud

Flaw : Defect Fierce : Violent Fallacy : Illusion

Substitute : Replace Mend : Repair Alight : Descend

Presume : Assume Brim : Edge House : Home

Sedate : Calm Dissipate : Squander Dearth : Scarcity

Abduct : Kidnap Vacant : Empty

25. Word a nd antonym :

Ex. Attack : Defend

Defend means the opposite of Attack. Thus, Defend is the antonym of Attack.

Some more examples are given below :

Advance : Retreat Sink : Float Cruel : Kind NODE5\E\DATA\CBSE-2016\10TH\ADVANCE\CCP\MENTAL ABILITY-1\04 ANALOGY.P65

Robust : Weak Best : Worst Gentle : Harsh

Deep : Shallow Fresh : Stale Ignore : Notice

Cordial : Hostile Initial : Final Lethargy : Alertness

Affirm : Deny Mourn : Rejoice Kindle : Extinguish

Lend : Borrow Condense : Expand Create : Destroy

Gradual : Abrupt Chaos : Peace

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 Mental Ability

4.1 Completing the analogous pair

In this type of questions, two words are given. These words are related to each other in some way. Another word
is also given. The candidate is required to find out the relationship between the first two words and choose the
word from the given alternatives, which bears the same relationship to the third word, as the first two bear.

Solved examples
E x . 1 Anaemia : Blood :: Anarchy : ?
(1) Lawlessness (2) Government (3) Monarchy (4) Disorder
S o l . Anaemia is the state of lack of blood. Similarly, anarchy is the state of lack of government. So, the answer is (2).
E x . 2 Botany : Plants :: Entomology : ?
(1) Snakes (2) Insects (3) Birds (4) Germs
S o l . Botany is the branch of science which deals with the study of plants. Similarly, Entomology is the branch of
science which deals with the study of insects. So, the answer is (2).
E x . 3 Vigilant : Alert :: Viable : ?
(1) Active (2) Hopeless (3) Feasible (4) Useful
S o l . 'Alert' is the synonym of 'Vigilant'. Similarly, the synonym of 'Viable' is 'Feasible'. So, the answer is (3).

EXERCISE
Direction (Q. 1 to Q.14): In each of the following questions, there is a certain relationship between two given
words on one side of : : and one word is given on another side of : : while another word is to be found from the
given alternatives, having the same relation with this word as the words of the given pair bear. Choose the
correct alternative.
1. Antiseptic : Germs :: Antidote : ?
(1) Allergy (2) Poison (3) Wound (4) Infection
2. Eye : Myopia :: Teeth : ?
(1) Pyorrhoea (2) Cataract (3) Trachoma (4) Eczema
3. Car : Garage :: Aeroplane : ?
(1) Port (2) Depot (3) Hangar (4) Harbour
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4. Lakshadweep : Kavaratti :: Andaman and Nicobar : ?

(1) Port Blair (2) Daman (3) Pondicherry (4) Silvassa
5. Eye : Wink :: Heart : ?
(1) Move (2) Throb (3) Pump (4) Quiver
6. House : Garbage :: Ore : ?
(1) Rubbish (2) Gangue (3) Sand (4) Dregs
7. Sedative : Pain :: Solace : ?
(1) Irritation (2) Kill (3) Grief (4) Hurt
8. Proteins : Growth :: Carbohydrates : ?
(1) Energy (2) Strength (3) Resistance (4) Diseases
9. Cells : Tissues :: Atoms : ?
(1) Elements (2) Molecules (3) Electrons (4) Organs

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10. Cunning : Fox :: Timid : ?
(1) Horse (2) Ant (3) Ass (4) Rabbit
11. Painting : Artist :: Symphony : ?
(1) Novelist (2) Poet (3) Essayist (4) Composer
12. South : North-west :: West : ?
(1) South-west (2) North-east (3) East (4) South
13. Steel : Rails :: Alnico : ?
(1) Aircraft (2) Machinery (3) Silver ware (4) Magnets
14. Monarchy : King :: Aristocracy : ?
(1) Nobles (2) Wealthy (3) People (4) God
15. Teeth is related to Grit in the same way as Fist is related to ...?...
(1) Blow (2) Hand (3) Open (4) Clench
16. Bull is related to Draught in the same way as Cow is related to ...?...
(1) Livestock(2) Milch (3) Farm (4) Fodder
17. Orthopaedist is related to Bones in the same way as Chiropodist is related to ...?...
(1) Nails (2) Sounds (3) Feet (4) Heart
18. Satyajit Ray is related to Films in the same way as Picasso is related to ...?...
(1) Literature (2) Drama (3) Poetry (4) Painting
19. Waves is related to Air in the same way as Ripples is related to ...?...
(1) Wind (2) Water (3) Storm (4) Smoke
20. Green Revolution is related to Plants in the same way as Silver Revolution is related to ...?...
(1) Poultry (2) Rubber (3) Animals (4) Forests
21. DDT is related to Abbreviation in the same way as LASER is related to ...?...
(1) Antithesis (2) Acronym (3) Epigram (4) Epithet
22. What is related to Leaves in the same way as Chatter is related to Teeth?
(1) Whistle (2) Ripple (3) Rustle (4) Cackle
23. Back is related to Backbone in the same way as Belly is related to ...?...
(1) Navel (2) Heart (3) Throat (4) Ribs
24. England is related to Atlantic Ocean in the same way as Greenland is related to ...?...
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(1) Pacific Ocean (2) Atlantic Ocean (3) Arctic Ocean (4) Antarctic Ocean
25. Train is related to Yard in the same way as Aeroplane is related to ...?...
(1) Ground (2) Air strip (3) Airport (4) Hanger

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans . 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 3 4 2 4 1 4
Qu e. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Ans . 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 4

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 Mental Ability

4.2 Choosing the analogous pair

In the type of questions, a pair of words is given, followed by four pairs of words as alternatives. The candidate
is required to choose the pair in which the words bear the same relationship to each other as the words of the
given pair bear.

Solved examples
E x . 1 Fish : Shoal
(1) Audience : Theatre (2) Shark : School
(3) Elephant : Flock (4) Whale : Herd
S o l . A group of fish is called shoal. Similarly, a group of elephants is called flock. So, the answer is (3).
E x . 2 Energy : Joule
(1) Axe : Grind (2) Ammeter : Current (3) Power : Ampere (4) Resistance : Ohm
S o l . Joule is the unit of measuring energy. Similarly, Ohm is the unit of measuring resistance. So, the answer is (4).
E x . 3 Cigarette : Tobacco
(1) Coffee : Caffeine (2) Milk : Bottle (3) Cigar : Filter (4) Shoes : Socks
S o l . The prime constituent of cigarette is tobacco. Similarly, the prime constituent of coffee is caffeine. So, the
answer is (1).
E x . 4 Chimney : Smoke
(1) Tea : Kettle (2) Clay : Ceramic (3) House : Roof (4) Gun : Bullet
S o l . Smoke comes out of chimney and bullet comes out of gun. So, the answer is (4).

EXERCISE
Direct ion : The following questions consist of two words each that have a certain relationship to each other,
followed by four lettered pairs of words. Select the lettered pair that has the same relationship as the original
pair of words.
1 Train : Track
(1) Idea : Brain (2) Bullet : Barrel (3) Water : Boat (4) Fame : Television
2. Hands : Gloves
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(1) Bank : Fog (2) Socks : Feet (3) Fish : Water (4) Legs : Shoes
3. Brook : River
(1) Pen : Paper (2) Yard : Alley (3) Path : Highway (4) Vein : Artery
4. Kitchen : Bedroom
(1) Woman : Man (2) Vegetable : Fruit (3) Botany : Zoology (4) Gas : Cylinder
5. Sailor : Pirate
(1) Police : Robbers (2) Lion : Lamb (3) Plant : Fungus (4) Major : Sepoy
6. Cube : Cuboid
(1) Oval : Sphere (2) Square : Cube (3) Sphere : Ellipsoid (4) Triangle : Cone
7. Sale : Purchase
(1) Give : Receive (2) Shop : Market (3) Cash : Credit (4) Profit : Loss

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8. Flag : Nation

(1) Emblem : Prosperity (2) Insignia : Rank

(3) Wealth : Prestige (4) Honour : Status

9. Evaporation : Cloud

(1) Mountain : Snow (2) Pressure : Atmosphere (3) Book : Pages (4) Tension : Breakdown

10. Yen : Currency

(1) Brass : Metal (2) Flower : Fragrance (3) Paper : Book (4) Karnataka : State

11. Chocolate : Sugar

(1) Egg : Yolk (2) Road : Traffic (3) Building : Cement (4) Milk : Cream

12. Cool : Cold

(1) Pretty : Beautiful (2) Length : Width (3) Plant : Tree (4) Gold : Brine

13. Money : Bank

(1) Coin : Mint (2) Sound : Music (3) Arrows : Quiver (4) Fear : Tremble

14. Wool : Warmth

(1) Spring : Elasticity (2) Marketing : Advertising

(3) Person : Success (4) Radio : Broadcast

15. Calligraphy : Writing

(1) Music : Song (2) Lyric : Poem (3) Drama : Prose (4) Chapter : Stanza

16. Arc : Circle

(1) Segment : Line (2) Fraction : Percentage (3) Pie : Slice (4) Number : Count

17. Traffic : Road

(1) Aeroplane : Aerodrome (2) Roots : Tree

(3) Blood : Veins (4) Car : Garage

18. Factory : Siren NODE5\E\DATA\CBSE-2016\10TH\ADVANCE\CCP\MENTAL ABILITY-1\04 ANALOGY.P65

(1) Library : Book (2) House : Room (3) Motor Car : Engine (4) Clock : Alarm

19. Water : Thirst

(1) Ripe : Harvest (2) Book : Ignorance (3) Needle : Stitch (4) Rain : Drought

20. Range : Mountain

(1) Point : Line (2) Bouquet : Flower (3) School : Class (4) String : Bead

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans . 2 4 3 3 3 3 1 2 4 4
Qu e. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans . 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 4 4 4

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4.3 Double analogy

Directions (Q. 1 to Q.15) : In each of the following questions, two words indicated by I and II have been left
out. The correct word to come in place of I is given as one of the four alternatives [1, 2, 3 and 4] against I and
the correct word to come in place of II is given as one of the four alternatives [(a), (b), (c) and (d)] against II. Read
with the correct words, there is some relationship between the two words to the left of sign (: :) and the same
relationship obtains between the two words to the right of the sign (: :). The correct combination is given as one
of the four alternatives (1), (2), (3) and (4). Find the correct combination in each case.
1. I : Distance :: Kilogram : II
I. (1) Far (2) Metre (3) Europe (4) Travel
II. (a) Heavy (b) Ounce (c) Weight (d) Noise
(1) 1a (2) 2a (3) 2b (4) 2c
2. I : Sword :: Thread : II
I. (1) Dagger (2) Knife (3) Warrior (4) Kill
II. (a) Needle (b) Tailor (c) Rope (d) Stitch
(1) 2c (2) 4d (3) 1a (4) 3b
3. I : Horse :: Bray : II
I. (1) Neigh (2) Hoof (3) Ride (4) Saddle
II. (a) Relay (b) Pony (c) Wagon (d) Donkey
(1) 1a (2) 1d (3) 2d (4) 3c
4. I : Gardening :: Bat : II
I. (1) Spade (2) Gardener (3) Flowers (4) Grass
II. (a) Playing (b) Cricket (c) Ball (d) Sportsman
(1) 2d (2) 4a (3) 3c (4) 1b
5. I : Gum :: Worm : II
I. (1) Bottle (2) Brand (3) Loaf (4) Tree
II. (a) Silk (b) Insect (c) Cocoon (d) Thread
(1) 1b (2) 2c (3) 3d (4) 4a
6. I : Ocean :: Stone : II
I. (1) Glacier (2) Lake (3) Continent (4) River
II. (a) Rock (b) Pebble (c) Granite (d) Mountain
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(1) 1c (2) 2a (3) 3d (4) 4b

7. I : Increase :: Descend : II
I. (1) Grow (2) Decrease (3) Rise (4) Price
II. (a) Reduce (b) Down (c) Ascend (d) Mountain
(1) 1c (2) 2c (3) 3a (4) 4b
8. Part : I :: Class : II
I. (1) Section (2) Whole (3) School (4) Students
II. (a) Student (b) School (c) Teachers (d) Rooms
(1) 1c (2) 2b (3) 3a (4) 4d
9. Shoe : I :: Table : II
I. (1) Foot (2) Socks (3) Heel (4) Factory
II. (a) Drawer (b) Chair (c) Wood (d) Carpenter
(1) 3a (2) 1b (3) 4d (4) 2c

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10. I : Canada :: Rangoon : II
I. (1) Detroit (2) Florida (3) Toronto (4) Alberta
II. (a) Indonesia (b) Burma (c) East Pakistan (d) Ceylon
(1) 2b (2) 3a (3) 3b (4) 3d
11. Lightning : I :: II : Sky
I. (1) Cloud (2) Rain (3) Rainbow (4) Sky
II. (a) Rain (b) Wind (c) Thunder (d) Rainbow
(1) 1d (2) 2c (3) 3b (4) 4a
12. I : Lungs :: II : Nut
I. (1) Respiration (2) Air (3) Ribs (4) Breathe
II. (a) Eat (b) Shell (c) Almond (d) Oil
(1) 2d (2) 1a (3) 1c (4) 3b
13. I : Dog :: II : Goat
I. (1) Bitch (2) Puppy (3) Cat (4) Colt
II. (a) Lamb (b) Cub (c) Pony (d) Farrow
(1) 2a (2) 1b (3) 4c (4) 3d
14. Modern : I :: II : Old
I. (1) Ancient (2) Death (3) Famous (4) Civilization
II. (a) Industrialization (b) Young (c) Fashion (d) Western
(1) 1b (2) 1d (3) 2a (4) 3c
15. I : Winter :: II : Malaria
I. (1) Cold (2) Quilt (3) Shiver (4) Wool
II. (a) Mosquito (b) Quinine (c) Fever (d) Epidemic
(1) 1d (2) 3a (3) 2b (4) 4c
Directions (Q. 16 to Q.20) : Each of the following sentences has the first word and the last word left out.
Choose the pair from among the four pairs of words that will fill the blanks so that the sentence becomes true
and sensible. Only one pair is correct.
16. ........... is to Land as Navy is to ...........
(1) Ship-Infantry (2) Army-Sea (3) Ground-Sea (4) Marine-Air
17. ...........is to Difference as Add is to ...........
(1) Change - Subtract (2) Subtract - Total NODE5\E\DATA\CBSE-2016\10TH\ADVANCE\CCP\MENTAL ABILITY-1\04 ANALOGY.P65

(3) Deduct - Decrease (4) Agreement - Increase

18. ........... is to Animal as Rind is to ...........
(1) Husk - Nut (2) Man - Hard (3) Husk - Melon (4) Skin - Melon
19. ........... is to Second as Day is to ...........
(1) Watch - Friday (2) Minute - Hour (3) First - Hour (4) First - Light
20. ........... is to Race as Slow is to ...........
(1) Rapid - Stroll (2) Rapid - Stop (3) Gallop - Fast (4) Run - Fast

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
An s . 4 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 3 2 2 4 2 1

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 Mental Ability

4.4 Choosing a similar word

In this type of questions, a group of three/four words is given, followed by four other words as alternatives. The
candidate is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given words.

Solved examples
E x . 1 Lucknow : Patna : Bhopal : Jaipur
(1) Indore (2) Pune (3) Mysore (4) Shimla
S o l . Clearly, Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal and Jaipur are all capital cities of various Indian States (U.P., Bihar, M.P. and
Rajasthan respectively). Similarly, Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh. So, the answer is (4).
E x . 2 Sitar : Guitar : Tanpura
(1) Trumpet (2) Violin (3) Harmonium (4) Mridanga
S o l . Sitar, Guitar and Tanpura are all string instruments. Violin is also a string instrument. So, the answer is (2).

EXERCISE
Directions : In each of the following questions, a group of three/four inter-related words is given. Choose a
word from the given alternatives, that is similar to the given words and hence belongs to the same group.
1. Clutch : Brake : Horn
(1) Scooter (2) Steering (3) Car (4) Accident
2. Peas : Gram : Pulses
(1) Rice (2) Barley (3) Beans (4) Coconut
3. Violet : Orange : Yellow
(1) Purple (2) Blue (3) White (4) Pink
4. Sodium : Potassium : Zinc
(1) Sulphur (2) Calcium (3) Water (4) Iodine
5. Hokaido : Honshu : Shikoku
(1) Madagascar (2) Kyushu (3) Shanghai (4) Sikiang
Directions : Each of the following questions has four alternative responses. Choose the correct response.
6. Which of the following is the same as Rabbit, Rat, Mole?
(1) Mongoose (2) Frog (3) Earthworm (4) Ant
7. Which of the following is the same as Norway, Poland, Spain?
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(1) France (2) Rome (3) Kenya (4) Tokyo

8. Which of the following is the same as Steel, Bronze, Brass?
(1) Calcite (2) Magnalium (3) Methane (4) Zinc
9. Which of the following is the same as Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur?
(1) Chandigarh (2) Baroda (3) Lucknow (4) Bokaro
10. Which of the following is the same as Grafting, Budding, Layering?
(1) Weeding (2) Digging (3) Field (4) Seed

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans . 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 4 1

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Class X

4.5 Detecting analogies

In this type of questions, the candidate is required to trace out the hidden analogy or common characteristic
among the given words or to choose the word which mentions the quality common to the given words.

Solved examples
E x . 1 Judo : Karate : Taekwando
(1) They are names of martial arts. (2) They can be performed by obese persons.
(3) They are performed on stage. (4) They are important items of Asian Games.

EXERCISE
1. Sandstone : Limestone : Coal
(1) They are formed by metamorphic rocks. (2) They are chemical minerals.
(3) They are found in river beds. (4) They are formed by sedimentary rocks.
2. Chain : Link : Bridge
(1) They all have hooks. (2) They are related with ornaments.
(3) They join two parts. (4) The terms are related with prison.
3. Delhi : Agra : Mathura
(1) They have been capitals of the country. (2) They have exquisite temples.
(3) They have religious background. (4) They are situated on the bank of river Yamuna.
4. Crocodile : Chameleon : Tortoise
(1) They are reptiles. (2) They have hard shells.
(3) They live near water. (4) They keep on changing colour.
5. Comets : Stars : Satellites
(1) They are shining masses. (2) They give out light.
(3) They are rotating from left to right. (4) They are heavenly bodies.
6. Barauni : Digboi : Ankleshwar
(1) They are famous for oil fields. (2) They are famous religious places.
(3) They are tourist places of South-India. (4) They are famous for handlooms.
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7. Ebony : Rosewood : Mahogany

(1) These are trees of temperate regions. (2) These are hardwood trees.
(3) These yield good wood for fuel. (4) These are coniferous trees.
8. James Bond : Sherlock Holmes : Hercules Poirot
(1) They are private detectives. (2) They are agents of CBI.
(3) They are characters from detective fiction. (4) They are the only detective agents.
9. Rickets : Scurvy : Beri-Beri
(1) They are insects.
(2) They are infectious diseases.
(3) They are diseases caused by deficiency of vitamins.
(4) They are diseases caused by certain insect bites.

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 Mental Ability
10. Rourkela : Bokaro : Durgapur
(1) They have steel plants.
(2) They have coal mines.
(3) They have atomic power plants.
(4) They have the best technical colleges.
Directions : Three words are given in each question below, which have something in common among themselves.
Choose one out of the four given alternatives, which mentions the quality common to the three given words.
11. Wheat : Barley : Rice.
(1) Food (2) Agriculture (3) Grams (4) Cereals
12. Volleyball : Hockey : Football
(1) Athletes (2) Games (3) Baseball (4) Aquatics
13. Lion : Tiger : Leopard
(1) Herbivorous (2) Carnivorous
(3) Zoo (4) Circus
14. Cub : Calf : Kitten
(1) Progeny (2) Cow
(3) Attractive (4) Harmless
15. Kyat : Yuan : Rial
(1) Nationalities (2) Capitals
(3) Currencies (4) Parliaments
16. Yeats : Ghalib : Kabir
(1) Reformers (2) Poets
(3) Saints (4) Leaders
17. Mercury : Saturn : Pluto
(1) Mars (2) Earth
(3) Planets (4) Jupiter
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18. Rockies : Appalachian : Andes

(1) Ranges (2) Slopes (3) Peaks (4) Hills
19. Groundnuts : Sesame : Mustard
(1) Cereals (2) Legumes (3) Leafy vegetables (4) Oilseeds
20. Paradeep : Haldia : Kandla
(1) Industrial centres (2) Ships (3) Port towns (4) Coastal cities

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans . 4 3 4 1 4 1 2 3 3 1
Qu e. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans . 4 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 4 3

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Class X

4.6 Multiple word analogy

In this type of questions, a group of three or four inter-related words is given. The candidate is required to trace
out the relationship among these words and choose another group with similar relationship, from amongst the
alternatives provided.

Solved examples
E x . 1 Pen : Pencil : Ink
(1) Orange : Banana : Juice (2) Table : Chair : Wood
(3) Cow : Milk : Curd (4) Fish : Shark : Water
S o l . Clearly, pen contains ink and pencil belongs to the same category as pen i.e. stationary. Similarly, orange
contains juice and banana belongs to the same category as orange i.e. fruits. So, the answer is (1).
E x . 2 Correspondent : News : Newspaper
(1) Road : Vehicle : Destination (2) Cloud : Water : Ponds
(3) Farmer : Crops : Food (4) Mason : Cement : Construction
S o l . Just as a correspondent collects and formates news for newspaper, so also a farmer grows and reaps crops for
food. So, the answer is (3).
E x . 3 Tehsil : District : State : Country
(1) Metropolitan : Megapolis : Town : City
(2) Block : Colony : Zone : City
(3) Province : District : State : Country
(4) Madhya Pradesh : Maharashtra : Mumbai : Victoria Terminus
S o l . The given group contains four items of a hierarchial system, in the order from lowest to highest levels. A similar
relationship exists among the components of (2). So, the answer is (2).

EXERCISE
Directions : In each of the following questions, some words are given which are related in some way. The same
relationship obtains among the words in one of the four alternatives given under it. Find the correct alternative.
1. Magazine : Story : Article
(1) Tea : Milk : Sugar
(2) Television : Newspaper : Entertainment
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(3) Bed : Quilt : Pillow

(4) Novel : Drama : Literature
2. Carnivorous : Tiger : Wolf
(1) Mango : Banana : Fruit
(2) Worker : Master : Manager
(3) Cat : Cow : Milk
(4) Student : Boy : Girl
3. Class : School : Student
(1) Ball : Bat : Pitch
(2) Sister : Family : Brother
(3) Hand : Body : Finger
(4) Leaf : Tree : Root

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 Mental Ability
4. Ink : Pen : Paper
(1) Watch : Dial : Strap
(2) Book : Paper : Words
(3) Farmer : Plough : Field
(4) Colour : Brush : Canvas
5. Hand : Wrist : Bangle
(1) Foot : Ankle : Anklet
(2) Toe : Foot : Knee
(3) Neck : Head : Collar
(4) Foot : Socks : Toes
6. Music : Guitar : Performer
(1) Dance : Tune : Instrument
(2) Food : Recipe : Cook
(3) Patient : Medicine : Doctor
(4) Trick : Rope : Acrobat
7. Bone : Skeleton : Nerve
(1) House : Door : Window
(2) Spoke : Wheel : Handle
(3) Retina : Eye : Pupil
(4) Snow : Cloud : Ice
8. Dog : Squirrel : Tail
(1) Cottage : Hut : Palace
(2) Fish : Crocodile : Water
(3) Horse : Ox : Horn
(4) Truck : Scooter : Gear
9. Chair : Door : Stick
(1) Tomato : Potato : Brinjal
(2) Mason : Carpenter : Cobbler
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(3) Statue : Brick : Pitcher

(4) Book : Pen : Notebook
10. Furniture : Table : Almirah
(1) Building : Wall : Brick
(2) Fruit : Orange : Apple
(3) Mother : Father : Sister
(4) Sea : Road : City

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans . 1 4 3 4 1 4 3 4 3 2

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Class X

4.7 Number analogy

This section deals with four types of questions:
1. Choosing a number related to a given number in the same manner as the two numbers of another given
pair are related to each other;
2. Choosing a similarly related pair as the given number pair on the basis of the relation between the
numbers in each pair;
3. Choosing a number similar to a group of numbers on the basis of certain common properties that they
possess;
4. Choosing a number set similar to a given number set.

Solved examples

E x . 1 3 : 11 :: 7 : ?

(1) 22 (2) 29 (3) 18 (4) 51

S o l . Clearly, 32 + 2 = 11, Now, 72 + 2 = 51. So, if the first number is x, the second number is x2 + 2.

Thus, the relationship is x : x2 + 2.

So, the answer is (4).

E x . 2 11 : 1210

(1) 8 : 448 (2) 6 : 2160 (3) 7 : 1029 (4) 9 : 729

S o l . Clearly, the relationship is x : x2 (x – 1). This relationship exists in (1). So, the answer is (1).

E x . 3 Which number is like the given set of numbers? Given Set : (3, 17, 31)

(1) 5 (2) 15 (3) 45 (4) 49

S o l . Clearly, the number in the given set are all prime numbers. 5 is also a prime number and so belongs to the same
group. So, the answer is (1).

E x . 4 Which set of numbers is like the given set? Given Set : (48, 24, 12)

(1) (46, 22, 10) (2) (46, 22, 12) (3) (40, 20, 10) (4) (42, 20, 10)

S o l . Clearly, in the given set, the first number is twice the second and the second number is twice the third. A similar NODE5\E\DATA\CBSE-2016\10TH\ADVANCE\CCP\MENTAL ABILITY-1\04 ANALOGY.P65

relationship exists between the numbers in the group (40, 20, 10). So, the answer is (3).

EXERCISE
Directions (Q. 1 to Q.3) : In each of the following questions, there is a certain relationship between two given
numbers on one side of : : and one number is given on another side of : : while another number is to be found
from the given alternatives, having the same relationship with this number as the numbers of the given pair
bear. Choose the best alternative.
1. 21 : 3 : : 574 : ?
(1) 23 (2) 82 (3) 97 (4) 113
2. 18 : 30 : : 36 : ?
(1) 54 (2) 62 (3) 64 (4) 66

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 Mental Ability
3. 17 : 52 : : 1 : ?
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 51
4. 6 : 35 : : 11 : ?
(1) 121 (2) 120 (3) 56 (4) 54
5. 6 : 18 : : 4 : ?
(1) 2 (2) 6 (3) 8 (4) 16
6. 35 : 91 : : 189 : ?
(1) 250 (2) 289 (3) 315 (4) 341
Directions (Q. 7 to Q.9) : Each of the following questions consists of a pair of numbers that have a certain
relationship to each other, followed by four other pairs of numbers given as alternatives. Select the pair in which
the numbers are similarly related as in the given pair.
7. 12 : 144
(1) 22 : 464 (2) 20 : 400 (3) 15 : 135 (4) 10 : 140
8. 27 : 9
(1) 64 : 8 (2) 125 : 5 (3) 135 : 15 (4) 729 : 81
9. 5 : 35
(1) 7 : 77 (2) 9 : 45 (3) 11 : 55 (4) 3 : 24
Directions (Q. 10 to Q.12) : In each of the following questions, choose one number which is similar to the numbers
in the given set.
10. Given set : 363, 489, 579
(1) 562 (2) 471 (3) 382 (4) 281
11. Given set : 282, 354, 444
(1) 453 (2) 417 (3) 336 (4) 245
12 Given set : 992, 733, 845, 632
(1) 114 (2) 326 (3) 425 (4) 947
Directions (Q. 13 to Q.15) : In each of the following questions, choose that set of numbers from the four
alternative sets, that is similar to the given set.
13. Given set : (2, 14, 16)
(1) (2, 7, 8) (2) (2, 9, 16) (3) (3, 21, 24) (4) (4, 16, 18)

14. Given set : (3, 18, 36)

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(1) (2, 10, 16) (2) (4, 24, 48) (3) (6, 42, 48) (4) (12, 72, 96)

15. Given set : (6, 15, 28)

(1) (46, 56, 66) (2) (50, 59, 71) (3) (60, 67, 72) (4) (60, 69, 82)

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans . 2 4 2 2 3 4 2 4 1 2
Qu e. 11 12 13 14 15
Ans . 1 3 3 2 4

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Class X

4.8 Alphabet analogy

In this type of questions, two groups of letters related to each other in some way, are given. The candidate is
required to find out this relationship and then choose either a letter-group which is related in the same way to a
third group provided in the question or a pair consisting of similarly related letter-groups.

SOLVED EXA MPLES

E x . 1 BEGK is related to ADFJ in the same way as PSVY is related to ....?....

(1) LOQT (2) ROUX (3) OTUZ (4) ORUX

S o l . Clearly, each letter of the first group in a pair is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of
the second group.

B E G K P S V Y

–1 –1 –1 –1 ––1 –1 –1 –1

A D F J O R U X

So, the answer is (4).

E x . 2 ABCD : NPRT : : FGHI : ?

(1) KLMN (2) OQRT (3) RTUW (4) SUWY

S o l . Clearly, the first, second, third and fourth letters of the first group are moved 13, 14, 15 and 16 steps forward
respectively to obtain the corresponding letters of the second group.

A B C D F G H I

+13 +14 +15 +16 +13 +14 +15 +16 NODE5\E\DATA\CBSE-2016\10TH\ADVANCE\CCP\MENTAL ABILITY-1\04 ANALOGY.P65

N P R T S U W Y

So, the answer is (4).

E x . 3 BLOCKED : YOLXPVW : : ? : OZFMXS

(1) LAUNCH (2) DEBATE (3) LABOUR (4) RESULT

S o l . Clearly, each letter in the first group occupies the same position from the beginning of the alphabet as is
occupied by the corresponding letter of the second group from the end of the alphabet.

Now, O, Z, F, M, X, S are respectively the 12th, 1st, 21st, 14th, 3rd, 8th letters from the end of the alphabet.
Thus, the required letter-group shall have in order the 12th, 1st, 21st, 14th, 3rd, 8th letters from the beginning
of the alphabet, which is LAUNCH. So, the answer is (1).

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 Mental Ability

EXERCISE
Directions (Q. 1 to Q.7) : In each of the following questions, there is some relationship between the two terms
to the left of : : and the same relationship holds between the two terms to its right. Also, in each question, one
term either to the right of : : or to the left of it is missing. This term is given as one of the alternatives given below
each question. Find out this term.

1. AG : IO : : EK : ?

(1) LR (2) MS (3) PV (4) SY

2. ADE : FGJ : : KNO : ?

(1) PQR (2) PQT (3) RQP (4) TPR

3. MAD : JXA : : RUN : ?

(1) ORK (2) OSQ (3) PRJ (4) UXQ

4. CLOSE : DNRWJ : : OPEN : ?

(1) PRHR (2) PRJQ (3) RPJB (4) RZWR

5. COUNSEL : BITIRAK : : GUIDANCE : ?

(1) EOHYZKBB (2) FOHYZJBB (3) FPHZZKAB (4) HOHYBJBA

6. THEREFORE is to TEEOERFRH as HELICOPTER is to ....?....

(1) HELICORETP (2) HLCPERTOIE (3) RETPOCILEH (4) RETPOCILHE

7. DRIVEN is related to EIDRVN in the same way as BEGUM is related to ....?....

(1) BGMEU (2) BGMUE (3) EUBGM (4) UEBGM

Directions (Q. 8 to Q.10) : Each of the following questions consists of a pair of letter-groups that have a
certain relationship to each other, followed by four other pairs of letter groups given as alternatives. Select the
pair in which the letter-groups are similarly related as in the given pair.

8. BC : FG

(1) PQ : ST (2) HI : LM (3) AD : PQ (4) JK : LM

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9. OT : PS

(1) TV : SW (2) IL : HK (3) PN : PM (4) None of these

10. MN : OP

(1) AD : GH (2) AB : PQ (3) QR : ST (4) RS : TV

ANSWERS
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans . 2 2 1 1 2 2 4 2 4 3

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Class X

EXERCISE
QUESTIONS RELATED TO VARIOUS OLYMPIADS
1. Tree is to ground as chimney is to?
(1) Smoke (2) Sky

(3) House (4) Garage

Direction (Q. 2 & Q.3): In each of the following questions, there some relationship between the two terms
(Letter) of the left of the sign (: :). The same relationship exists between the two terms on the right of sign
(: :) of which one is missing. Find the missing one the four alternatives.

2. FEAL : LEAF : : EAKT : ?

(1) ATAK (2) TAKE

(3) KATE (4) KETA

3. BJRZ : FNVD : : HPXE : ?

(1) RZEN (2) VDFJ

(3) LTBI (4) NVDJ

Direction (Q. 4 to Q.7) : In each of the following questions, there is same relationship between the two
terms of the left of 'n' and the same relationship holds between the two terms to its right. Also in each question,
one term to the right of '::' is missing. This term is given as one of the alternatives, from the given alternatives
below each questions. Find out this term from the given alternatives.

4. NOVA : OVON : OZON : ?

(1) ZNOO (2) ZOZO

(3) ONOZ (4) ZOOZ

5. BEJQQ : ACGMU :: FINUU : ?

(1) FGKQY (2) EGKQY

(3) GKYQE (4) EKGYQ NODE5\E\DATA\CBSE-2016\10TH\ADVANCE\CCP\MENTAL ABILITY-1\04 ANALOGY.P65

6. BDGK : OKHF :: KMPT : ?

(1) XTQO (2) XOTQ

(3) XUQO (4) YTQO

7. BEFC : EDDF :: VYZW : ?

(1) YXVZ (2) XYVZ

(3) YVXZ (4) ZVXV

8. Find the related number.

3 7 15 31 : 5 13 8 17 :: 5 11 4 9 : ?

(1) 7 15 8 18 (2) 3 8 6 13

(3) 2 5 5 13 (4) 9 21 39 79

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 Mental Ability
Direction (Q. 9 & Q.10) : In the following questions, find the number which holds the same relations with
the third number as there between the first two numbers.

9. 90 : 81 : 120 : ?

(1) 144 (2) 169

(3) 100 (4) 124

10. 81 : 3 : 27 :: ? : ? : 125

(1) 125, 25 (2) 216, 36

(3) 625, 25 (4) 625, 5

Direction (Q. 11 & Q.25) : In the following questions there is a relationship between the two words
/ letters / numbers given to the left of the sign(::) of which one is missing . Find the missing one from the
given alternatives

11. Shadow : Light :: ? : Mirror

(1) Surface (2) Frame (3) Image (4) Shine

12. 2D : 4P :: 3I : ?

(1) 5Y (2) 1B (3) 4Y (4) 9J

13. Q2F: S4E :: U6D : ?

(1) W8C (2) W8D (3) W8E (4) W4E

14. Doctor : Patient :: Teacher: ?

(1) Student (2) Class (3) Book (4) School

15. 23 :8 ::25 : ?

(1) 32 (2) 9 (3) 64 (4) 22

16. 531 : 81 :: ? :

(1) 451 : 55 (2) 321 : 64 (3) 642 : 144 (4) 212 : 11

17. BYCW : LOKQ : : ? : JQIS

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(1) FUEW (2) DWFU (3) DWEU (4) DVFU

18. ACG : ZXT :: HJN : ?

(1) SQM (2) TRN (3) SQN (4) SOM

19. Paper : Pen :: Blackboard : ?

(1) Teacher (2) Student (3) Notebook (4) Chalk

20. Parliament : Great Britian :: Congress : ?

(1) Canada (2) Japan

(3) United States of America (4) South Korea

21. 6: 222 :: 8 : ?

(1) 520 (2) 596 (3) 496 (4) 529

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Class X
22. CEJP : FGMR :: FKRU : ?

(1) HNVX (2) JNXO (3) JMVY (4) IMUW

23. 08 :28 :: ? : 65

(1) 9 (2) 12 (3) 15 (4) 18

24. 35 :91 :: 189 : ?

(1) 343 (2) 341 (3) 280 (4) 210

7 13 19
25. : :: :?
11 17 23

25 29 23 29
(1) (2) (3) (4)
27 31 29 33

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ANSWERS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 4 1 4

Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. 3 4 1 1 3 3 3 1 4 3
Que. 21 22 23 24 25

Ans. 1 4 3 2 2

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