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SJI IP1 Functions (Soln)

Chapter 4 discusses functions, defining them as a relationship where a variable y is determined by a formula applied to a variable x. It covers key concepts such as domain and range, the notation for functions, and the importance of gradient and y-intercept in linear functions. Additionally, it includes examples and tutorial questions to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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19 views5 pages

SJI IP1 Functions (Soln)

Chapter 4 discusses functions, defining them as a relationship where a variable y is determined by a formula applied to a variable x. It covers key concepts such as domain and range, the notation for functions, and the importance of gradient and y-intercept in linear functions. Additionally, it includes examples and tutorial questions to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

abeljoseph185
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4: Functions and Graphical Solutions to Equations

(1) FUNCTIONS .

Functions arise when a variable y is determined by a rule, i.e. a formula applied to a variable x to produce
an output y. The function can be thought of as a ‘machine’ that converts x variables to y variables through
a given rule f. y = f(x).

The two main constituents of a function are range and domain. Most functions are assigned an algebraic
term, in most cases a lowecase letter (f, g, x, h, etc). The domain refers to the input value x, the range refers
to all possible set of output values y. Some ways to write functions and what they denote are:

g : x ↦ x 3, x > 0

the function is g.
↦ shows that g : x (when the function g is applied to input x), it maps to (produces) an output y
x3 indicates that y = x3, i.e. the rule of the function is x3 = y
for the function to exist, the input x should be any positive value (x > 0) , x > 0 is a
………………………

p(x) = ex, x ≤ 0

the function is …… .
p(x) indicates that the function p is applied to an …….… x.
e is Euler’s number, an irrational mathematical constant similar to 𝜋.
for the function to exist, the input x should be a negative value or 0. Any negative value x is used
as an exponent for e (ex) to give the value of the output y. x ≤ 0 is a y……………………… .

the function is …… .
f(x) indicates that the function f is applied to an input x.
when x is between 2 and 0 (where x = ≤ 2), the formula for y = ……………… .
when x is betweeen 4 and 2 (where x = ≤ 4), the formula for y = ……………… .

SJI Mathematics Department 1


Set notations are used and usually indicated by {…….}. A = {0, 2, 4} indicates that A represents the set
of 0, 2, 4. Certain symbols are used to give the domain restrictions of an input x.

Real numbers are any rational or irrational numbers that include universal constants (e.g. 𝜋, e). As opposed
to using ‘x < 0’ to denote that x is a negative real number, we can use x  ℝ-. Any number that can be
represented on a number line constitutes as a real number. . For any real number x, −  x  .

Two separate functions with the same rule but different domains are not identical functions. For instance,
take f : x ↦ x2, x  ℝ and g : x ↦ x2, -1  x  1. The rules are the same (i.e. f(x) = g(x) = x2), however the
curvature graphs for both functions are non-identical due to their varying domain restrictions.

The gradient of a line (m) gives an indication of the steepness or slope of a line. The y intercept of a line (c)
is where both the y and x axes intercept.

Given two points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), gradient of straight line AB = [(y2 – y1) ÷ (x2 – x1)]

To apply the formula, you can use any two points of a linear graph as they will give the same gradient.
Hence, the gradient of a straight line is referred to as a constant.

Example

You are given two linear graphs in a Cartesian plane. The possible functions are f : x ↦ 3x + 2, c : x ↦ 3x
– 2, g : x ↦ -3x + 2, or n : x ↦ -3x -2. Match the suitable function to the linear graph.

SJI/2020/IP1/MYCT/Q9

SJI Mathematics Department 2


Using GC to sketch the graphs of f

The inequality signs can be found by pressing


TEST, i.e. 2nd MATH. Ensure the full graph
sketched is visible by adjusting the window setting
or zooming in. You can type in to plot a graph of a
maximum of 10 functions at a given time.

Tutorial Questions

1 The graph shows a function g, where g(x) = -xn where n is the lowest possible value.
(i) Find the value of n.
(ii) Is the graph for g(x) = xn the same? Explain your answer.

SJI/2017/IP1/Promo/Q6

SJI Mathematics Department 3


2 For a function f : x ↦ 4 + 0.55x (domain: x  ℝ+), a linear graph is plotted on a Cartesian plane.
(i) Find the output value y when x = 14.
(ii) State the significance of 4 in the graph.

SJI/2021/Y1/EOY/Q3

3 A 1-1 function is a function in which one y output value can correspond to only x value. Determine
if f : x ↦ x2 – 4x + 1, x  [1, ] is a 1-1 function given the graphical representation.

SJI/2021/IP1/Promo/Q7

4 A student used a GC to sketch the graph of f : x ↦ (x – 2)2, x  4. The student wants to sketch
another graph for g : x ↦ -x2 on the same Cartesian plane.
Show the results of this sketch clearly on both diagrams.

SJI/2022/Y1/EOY/Q3

SJI Mathematics Department 4

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