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Intro to Agric - Summary 5

The document outlines essential agronomic operations and cultivation practices for healthy crop growth, categorized into pre-planting, planting, and post-planting operations. It emphasizes the importance of factors such as moisture, sunlight, and pest control, as well as methods for increasing crop yield and quality while minimizing soil erosion and pest incidence. Additionally, it details various pest and disease control methods, including chemical, cultural, biological, and resistant varieties.

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5 views2 pages

Intro to Agric - Summary 5

The document outlines essential agronomic operations and cultivation practices for healthy crop growth, categorized into pre-planting, planting, and post-planting operations. It emphasizes the importance of factors such as moisture, sunlight, and pest control, as well as methods for increasing crop yield and quality while minimizing soil erosion and pest incidence. Additionally, it details various pest and disease control methods, including chemical, cultural, biological, and resistant varieties.

Uploaded by

msowunmi2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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*Cultural Principles and Practices*

Agronomic operations aim to control factors necessary for healthy crop growth, including:

1. Moisture
2. Sunlight
3. Air
4. Heat
5. Nutrients
6. Pest and disease control

*Cultivation Practices*

Cultivation practices are divided into three categories:

*1. Pre-Planting Operations*

a. Bush clearing: removing vegetation to prepare land for cultivation


b. Burning: disposing of cleared materials, producing ash that provides mineral plant food
c. Stumping: removing tree stumps, done manually or mechanically
d. Farm layout: dividing land into plots, blocks, or fields for crop rotation
e. Tilling: breaking up soil to allow air and water to reach roots
f. Ridging: creating ridges to reduce soil erosion and increase topsoil depth

*2. Planting Operations*

a. Timing: planting when soil is moistened by rains


b. Method: proper soil preparation, suitable soil tilth, and correct planting depth
c. Spacing: optimal distance between plants to prevent overcrowding or low plant population
d. Seed rate and plant density: number of seeds used per hectare and number of stands per
hectare

*3. Post-Planting Operations*

a. Thinning: removing excess seedlings to prevent overcrowding


b. Mulching: conserving moisture, reducing temperature fluctuation, and controlling weeds
c. Fertilization: supplying balanced nutrients at the right time and condition
d. Pest and disease control: using chemicals, cultural methods, biological methods, and
resistant varieties
e. Harvesting: timely removal of mature crops to avoid loss or waste

*Pest and Disease Control Methods*


1. Chemical: insecticides, herbicides, nematicides
2. Cultural: close season, crop rotation, fallowing, trap cropping
3. Biological: using living organisms to control pests and diseases
4. Resistant varieties: using crop varieties resistant to pests and diseases

*Importance of Proper Cultivation Practices*

1. Increases crop yield and quality


2. Reduces soil erosion and nutrient depletion
3. Promotes healthy plant growth and development
4. Minimizes pest and disease incidence
5. Ensures timely harvesting and reduces waste

This summary covers the key principles and practices involved in crop cultivation, from pre-
planting operations to post-planting operations, including pest and disease control methods.

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