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6 2+refraction

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through different mediums, with the speed of light varying based on the medium's density. Light travels fastest in a vacuum and slows down in denser materials like water and glass, causing it to bend at the boundary between different mediums. This phenomenon affects everyday life, such as in lenses for vision correction and the appearance of underwater objects.

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14 views14 pages

6 2+refraction

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through different mediums, with the speed of light varying based on the medium's density. Light travels fastest in a vacuum and slows down in denser materials like water and glass, causing it to bend at the boundary between different mediums. This phenomenon affects everyday life, such as in lenses for vision correction and the appearance of underwater objects.

Uploaded by

arissahannah2930
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Refraction

Mr Joey
The material
What is refraction? which light
travels in

• Def: The bending of light as it passes through different mediums.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9cUy6B--xc
Speed of light

• Speed of light depends on the medium it travels in

• The denser the medium, the slower light is

Medium Speed of light (km/s)


Air 300 000
Water 225 000 Approximately
Glass 200 000

• Light travels the fastest in vacuum


Light passing through different medium

• Speed of light changes as it passes through different mediums

• This causes the rays to bend

• The bending of light is called refraction


Ray diagrams for refraction

• We first have a boundary line between two mediums, air (less dense)
and water (denser).

air
water
Ray diagrams for refraction

• Let’s draw an incident ray that is approaching the air-water boundary

Incident ray

air
water
Ray diagrams for refraction
• By convention, we must draw an imaginary line that is perpendicular
to the plane mirror. This is the normal line, and it is usually dashed.
normal

Incident ray

air
water
Ray diagrams for refraction
• The angle between normal and incident ray is called the angle of
incidence.
normal

Incident ray

air
water
Ray diagrams for refraction
• Draw the refracted ray. The line between refracted ray and normal is
the angle of refraction.
normal

Incident ray

air
water

r
How to bend the rays?

• The denser the medium • The less dense the medium


• the slower the light • the faster the light

• the closer the ray is to the normal • the further the ray is to the normal

• the smaller the angle from normal • the larger the angle from normal
Example
a) Complete the rays below when it enters water.
b) Compare which is bigger: angle of incidence or refraction

Water (less dense)


Glass (denser)
Example
a) As the new medium is less dense, we draw the ray further from normal!

Water (less dense)


Glass (denser)
Example
b) Since the refracted ray is further from normal, the angle of refraction is larger

Angle of refraction
(larger)

Water (less dense)


Glass (denser)

Angle of incidence
(smaller)
Some ways refraction affect everyday life
• Lenses in our eyes, cameras and glasses bend light in
a way that helps form sharp images in our eyes.

• Water droplets on windows blur our vision through


it as it refracts light in all different ways.

• Refraction can cause objects underwater to appear


shallower than they actually are.

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