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01 WPI HTML5 Introduction

HTML5 introduces a simplified DOCTYPE declaration, new semantic elements, and various multimedia and form controls. It also includes new APIs for geolocation, local storage, and drag-and-drop functionality, while removing outdated HTML4 elements. The development of HTML5 is a collaboration between W3C and WHATWG, aiming for better structure, error handling, and compatibility across devices.

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وسام عوكل
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4 views

01 WPI HTML5 Introduction

HTML5 introduces a simplified DOCTYPE declaration, new semantic elements, and various multimedia and form controls. It also includes new APIs for geolocation, local storage, and drag-and-drop functionality, while removing outdated HTML4 elements. The development of HTML5 is a collaboration between W3C and WHATWG, aiming for better structure, error handling, and compatibility across devices.

Uploaded by

وسام عوكل
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML5

F u n d a m e n t a l s

By
Raed
What is New in HTML5?
• The DOCTYPE declaration for HTML5 is very simple:
• <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

• <!DOCTYPE html>

• The character encoding (charset) declaration is also very simple:


• <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">

• <meta charset="UTF-8">
What is New in HTML5?
HTML5 Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
Content of the document......
</body>
</html>
New HTML5 Elements
• The most interesting new elements are:

• New semantic elements like


<header>, <footer>, <article>, and <section>
• New form controls like
number, date, time, calendar, and range
• New graphic elements
<svg> and <canvas>
• New multimedia elements
<audio> and <video>
New HTML5 API's (Application Programming Interfaces)
• The most interesting new API's are:
• HTML Geolocation
The HTML Geolocation API is used to get the geographical position of a user.
• HTML Drag and Drop
Drag and drop is a very common feature. It is when you "grab" an object and drag it to a different location.
• HTML Local Storage
With local storage, web applications can store data locally within the user's browser.
• HTML Application Cache
HTML5 introduces application cache, which means that a web application is cached, and accessible without
an internet connection.
• HTML Web Workers
A web worker is a JavaScript that runs in the background, independently of other scripts, without
affecting the performance of the page. You can continue to do whatever you want: clicking, selecting
things, etc., while the web worker runs in the background.
• HTML SSE
A server-sent event is when a web page automatically gets updates from a server.
Elements Removed in HTML5
• The following HTML4 elements have been removed from HTML5:

Element Use instead


<acronym> <abbr>
<applet> <object>
<basefont> CSS
<big> CSS
<center> CSS
<dir> <ul>
<font> CSS
Elements Removed in HTML5
• The following HTML4 elements have been removed from HTML5:

Element Use instead


<frame>
<frameset>
<noframes>
<strike> CSS
<tt> CSS
HTML History
• Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of HTML:
Version Year
Tim Berners-Lee invented www 1989
Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML 1991
Dave Raggett drafted HTML+ 1993
HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0 1995
W3C Recommended HTML 3.2 1997
W3C Recommended HTML 4.01 1999
W3C Recommended XHTML 1.0 2000
HTML5 WHATWG First Public Draft 2008
HTML5 WHATWG Living Standard 2012
HTML5 W3C Final Recommendation 2014
HTML History
• Tim Berners-Lee invented the "World Wide Web" in 1989, and the Internet took off in the 1990s.
• From 1991 to 1998, HTML developed from version 1 to version 4.
• In 2000, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommended XHTML 1.0.
• The XHTML syntax was strict, and the developers were forced to write valid and "well-formed" code.
• In 2004, WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group) was formed in response to slow
W3C development, and W3C's decision to close down the development of HTML, in favor of XHTML.
• WHATWG wanted to develop HTML, consistent with how the web was used, while being backward
compatible with older versions of HTML.
• In the period 2004-2006, the WHATWG initiative gained support by the major browser vendors.
• In 2006, W3C announced that they would support WHATWG.
HTML History
• In 2008, the first HTML5 public draft was released
• In 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a separation:
• WHATWG will develop HTML as a "Living Standard".
• A living standard is never fully complete, but always updated and improved. New features can be added, but
old functionality can not be removed.
• The WHATWG Living Standard was published in 2012, and is continuously updated.
• W3C will develop a definitive HTML5 and XHTML5 standard, as a "snapshot" of WHATWG.
• The W3C HTML5 recommendation was released 28. October 2014.
How Did HTML5 Get Started?
• HTML5 is a cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext
Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
• WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with XHTML 2.0. In 2006,
they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.
• Some rules for HTML5 were established:
• New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
• Reduce the need for external plugins (like Flash)
• Better error handling
• More markup to replace scripting
• HTML5 should be device independent
• The development process should be visible to the public
HTML5 Browser Support
• HTML5 is supported in all modern browsers.
• In addition, all browsers, old and new, automatically handle unrecognized elements as inline elements.
• Because of this, you can "teach" old browsers to handle "unknown" HTML elements.
Define HTML5 Elements as Block Elements
• HTML5 defines 8 new semantic HTML elements. All these are block level elements.
• To secure correct behavior in older browsers, you can set the CSS display property to block

Example:
header, section, footer, aside, nav, main, article, figure {
display: block;
}
Define HTML5 Elements as Block Elements
• HTML Block Elements and Inline Elements
• Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or inline elements.
• Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line, when displayed in a browser.
Examples:
<h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>
• Inline elements are normally displayed without line breaks.
Examples:
<b>, <td>, <a>, <img>
Adding New Elements to HTML
• You can add any new element to HTML with a browser trick:
• This example adds a new element called <myHero> to HTML, and defines a display style for it:
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Creating an HTML Element</title>
<style>
myHero {
display: block;
background-color: #ddd;
padding: 50px;
font-size: 30px;
}
Adding New Elements to HTML
• You can add any new element to HTML with a browser trick:
• This example adds a new element called <myHero> to HTML, and defines a display style for it:
Example:

</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
<myHero>My First Hero</myHero>
</body>
</html>
Problem With Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer 8 and earlier, does not allow styling of unknown elements.

<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script rc="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->

• The code above is a comment, but versions previous to IE9 will read it (and understand it).
New Elements in HTML5
• New Semantic/Structural Elements
• HTML5 offers new elements for better document structure:
Tag Description
<article> Defines an article in the document
<aside> Defines content aside from the page content
<bdi> Defines a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text
<details> Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dialog> Defines a dialog box or window
<figcaption> Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure> Defines self-contained content, like illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc.
New Elements in HTML5
• New Semantic/Structural Elements
• HTML5 offers new elements for better document structure:
Tag Description
<footer> Defines a footer for the document or a section
<header> Defines a header for the document or a section
<main> Defines the main content of a document
<mark> Defines marked or highlighted text
<menuitem> Defines a command/menu item that the user can invoke from a popup menu
<meter> Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<nav> Defines navigation links in the document
<progress> Defines the progress of a task
New Form Elements
Tag Description
<datalist> Defines pre-defined options for input controls
<keygen> Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms)
<output> Defines the result of a calculation
New Input Types
color date Datetime datetime-local
Email month Number range
Search tel Time url
week
New Input Attributes
Autocomplete autofocus form formaction
formenctype formmethod formnovalidate formtarget
height width list min and max
Multiple pattern (regexp) placeholder required
step
HTML5 - New Attribute Syntax
• HTML5 allows 4 different syntaxes for attributes.
• This example demonstrates the different syntaxes used in an <input> tag:

Type Example:
Empty <input type="text" value="John Doe" disabled>
Unquoted <input type="text" value=John>
Double-quoted <input type="text" value="John Doe">
Single-quoted <input type="text" value='John Doe'>

• In HTML5, all 4 syntaxes may be used, depending on what is needed for the attribute.
New Media Elements
Tag Description
<audio> Defines sound or music content
<embed> Defines containers for external applications (like plug-ins)
<source> Defines sources for <video> and <audio>
<track> Defines tracks for <video> and <audio>
<video> Defines video or movie content
HTML5 Graphics
Tag Description
<canvas> Defines graphic drawing using JavaScript
<svg> Defines graphic drawing using SVG
HTML5 Semantic Elements
Semantics means (from Ancient Greek), is the study of meaning.
Semantic elements are elements with a meaning.
What are Semantic Elements?
What are Semantic Elements?
• A semantic element clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer.
• Examples of non-semantic elements:
<div> and <span>
Tells nothing about its content.
• Examples of semantic elements:
<form>, <table>, and <img>
Clearly defines its content.
Browser Support

• HTML5 semantic elements are supported in all modern browsers.


• In addition, you can "teach" older browsers how to handle "unknown elements".
New Semantic Elements in HTML5
• Many web sites contain HTML code like
<div id="nav"> <div class="header"> <div id="footer">
to indicate navigation, header, and footer.

• HTML5 offers new semantic elements to define different parts of a web page:
New Semantic Elements in HTML5
• <article>
• <aside>
• <details>
• <figcaption>
• <figure>
• <footer>
• <header>
• <main>
• <mark>
• <nav>
• <section>
• <summary>
• <time>
HTML5 <section> Element
• The <section> element defines a section in a document.
• According to W3C's HTML5 documentation: "A section is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a
heading."
• A Web site's home page could be split into sections for introduction, content, and contact information.
Example:
<section>
<h1>WWF</h1>
<p>The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is....</p>
</section>
HTML5 <article> Element
• The <article> element specifies independent, self-contained content.
• An article should make sense on its own, and it should be possible to read it independently from the rest of
the web site.
• Examples of where an <article> element can be used:
• Forum post
• Blog post
• Newspaper article
Example:
<article>
<h1>What Does WWF Do?</h1>
<p>WWF's mission is to stop the degradation of our planet's natural
environment,and build a future in which humans live in harmony with
nature.</p>
</article>
Nesting Semantic Elements
• In the HTML5 standard, the <article> element defines a complete, self-contained block of related elements.
• The <section> element is defined as a block of related elements.
• Can we use the definitions to decide how to nest elements? No, we cannot!
• On the Internet, you will find HTML pages with <section> elements containing <article> elements, and
<article> elements containing <sections> elements.
• You will also find pages with <section> elements containing <section> elements, and <article> elements
containing <article> elements.
HTML5 <header> Element
• The <header> element specifies a header for a document or section.
• The <header> element should be used as a container for introductory content.
• You can have several <header> elements in one document.
• The following example defines a header for an article:
Example:
<article>
<header>
<h1>What Does WWF Do?</h1>
<p>WWF's mission:</p>
</header>
<p>WWF's mission is to stop the degradation of our planet's natural
environment, and build a future in which humans live in harmony with
nature.</p>
</article>
HTML5 <footer> Element
• The <footer> element specifies a footer for a document or section.
• A <footer> element should contain information about its containing element.
• A footer typically contains the author of the document, copyright information, links to terms of use, contact
information, etc.
• You can have several <footer> elements in one document.
Example
<footer>
<p>Posted by: Hege Refsnes</p>
<p>Contact information: <a href="mailto:someone@example.com">
someone@example.com</a>.</p>
</footer>
HTML5 <figure> and <figcaption> Elements
• In books and newspapers, it is common to have captions with images.
• The purpose of a caption is to add a visual explanation to an image.
• With HTML5, images and captions can be grouped together in <figure> elements:
Example:
<figure>
<img src="pic_mountain.jpg" alt="The Pulpit Rock" width="304"
height="228">
<figcaption>Fig1. - The Pulpit Rock, Norway</figcaption>
</figure>

The <img> element defines the image, the <figcaption> element defines the caption.
Why Semantic HTML5 Elements?
• With HTML4, developers used their own favorite attribute names to style page elements:
• header, top, bottom, footer, menu, navigation, main, container, content, article, sidebar, topnav, ...
• This made it impossible for search engines to identify the correct web page content.
• With HTML5 elements like:
<header> <footer> <nav> <section> <article>,
this will become easier.
• According to the W3C, a Semantic Web:
"Allows data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises, and communities."
Semantic Elements in HTML5
Tag Description
<article> Defines an article
<aside> Defines content aside from the page content
<details> Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<figcaption> Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure> Specifies self-contained content, like illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc.
<footer> Defines a footer for a document or section
<header> Specifies a header for a document or section
Semantic Elements in HTML5
Tag Description
<main> Specifies the main content of a document
<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text
<nav> Defines navigation links
<section> Defines a section in a document
<summary> Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<time> Defines a date/time

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