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Compartment Model Introduction Part + Non compartment

The document discusses the advantages and applications of compartment modeling in tracking drug movement, predicting drug concentrations, and designing dosage regimens. It also covers physiological modeling, highlighting its ease of use and limitations, as well as the distributed parameter model for assessing regional drug concentrations. Additionally, noncompartmental analysis is described as a model-independent method for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters, with its own advantages and disadvantages.

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Dushyant Singh
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9 views17 pages

Compartment Model Introduction Part + Non compartment

The document discusses the advantages and applications of compartment modeling in tracking drug movement, predicting drug concentrations, and designing dosage regimens. It also covers physiological modeling, highlighting its ease of use and limitations, as well as the distributed parameter model for assessing regional drug concentrations. Additionally, noncompartmental analysis is described as a model-independent method for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters, with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

Dushyant Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advantages and applications of compartment modeling

1. It helps track drug movement in the body, including absorption, distribution, and

elimination.

2. It shows different rate processes involved in drug movement.

3. It helps determine how many rate constants are needed for describing drug behavior.

4. It allows writing equations to predict drug concentration changes in the body.

5. Only plasma or urine data is enough to track drug concentration changes.

6. It helps predict drug concentration over time in normal and diseased conditions.

7. It aids in designing proper dosage regimens.

8. It relates plasma drug levels to drug effects both therapeutic and toxic effects.

9. It is useful for comparing different drugs in clinical settings.

10. It simplifies the calculation of key parameters like volume of distribution (Vd) and half-

life (t½).
Advantages of Physiological Modeling:

1. Easier mathematical treatment.

2. Useful when tissue drug concentration and binding are known.

3. Predicts drug levels based on organ size, blood flow, and partition coefficient.

4. Provides a clear drug concentration-time profile in tissues.

5. Helps assess drug behavior in altered conditions.

6. Useful in Animal Studies – Allows invasive sampling for better analysis.

7. Cross-Species Correlation – Data from animals can sometimes predict human drug
behavior.

8. Helps understand absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Disadvantages of Physiological Modeling:

1. Complex Data Collection – Requires extensive experimental work.

2. Assumptions on Blood Flow – Limits personalized dosing.

3. Limited Data Points – Fewer data points than required for full assessment.

4. Difficult Monitoring – Needs large amounts of data for accurate predictions.


Distributed Parameter Model

This model is analogous to physiological model but has been designed to take into account

 Variations in blood flow to an organ, and


 Variations in drug diffusion in an organ.

Such a model is thus specifically useful for assessing regional differences in drug
concentrations in tumors or necrotic tissues.

The distributed parameter model is more complex than physiological models because it
uses difficult mathematical equations and obtaining drug concentration data is difficult.

Noncompartmental analysis

 The noncompartmental analysis, also called as the model-independent method


 Does not require the assumption of specific compartment model.
 Based on the assumption that the drugs or metabolites follow linear kinetics.

Noncompartmental analysis approach is based on statistical moments theory. It is a


method used to analyze drug concentration over time, like finding the average time a drug
stays in the body before being eliminated (MRT).

MRT = AUM / AUC

MRT = mean residence time

AUMC = area under the first-moment curve

AUC = area under the zero-moment curve

AUMC is obtained from a plot of product of plasma drug concentration and time (i.e. C.t)
versus time t.
AUC is obtained from a plot of plasma drug concentration versus time.

Practically, the AUMC and AUC can be calculated from the respective graphs by the
trapezoidal rule (the method involves dividing the curve by a series of vertical lines into a
number of trapezoids, calculating separately the area of each trapezoid and adding them
together).

Applications

Used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters like bioavailability, clearance , V d, half-life,


first order absorption rate constant of the drug.

Advantages

1. Ease of derivation of pharmacokinetic parameters by simple algebraic equations.

2. The same mathematical treatment can be applied to almost any drug or metabolite
provided they follow first-order kinetics.

3. A detailed description of drug disposition characteristics is not required.


Disadvantages

1. It provides limited information regarding the plasma drug concentration-time profile.


2. More often, it deals with averages.
3. The method does not adequately treat non-linear cases.

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