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Java_Exceptions_PDF

Exceptions in Java are runtime errors that disrupt program flow, categorized into checked and unchecked exceptions. Java provides a robust exception handling mechanism using try, catch, finally, throw, and throws keywords. Additionally, programmers can create user-defined exceptions by extending the Exception class for custom error handling.

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1 views

Java_Exceptions_PDF

Exceptions in Java are runtime errors that disrupt program flow, categorized into checked and unchecked exceptions. Java provides a robust exception handling mechanism using try, catch, finally, throw, and throws keywords. Additionally, programmers can create user-defined exceptions by extending the Exception class for custom error handling.

Uploaded by

rsatapathy930
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What are Exceptions in Java?

Exceptions in Java are errors that happen during runtime (program execution) which interrupt the
normal ow of the program.

Java handles exceptions using a powerful Exception Handling mechanism to avoid program
crashes and manage errors gracefully.

All exceptions come from the Throwable class. It has two main types:

• Checked Exceptions – Checked at compile time (e.g., IOException,


SQLException).

• Unchecked Exceptions – Checked at runtime (e.g., ArithmeticException,


NullPointerException).

We handle exceptions using:

• try – block where we write risky code.

• catch – block that handles the exception.

• finally – (optional) block that always executes.

• throw – used to throw an exception manually.

• throws – used to declare an exception in method signature.

2. Built-in and User-de ned Exceptions

Built-in Exceptions:

These are prede ned exception classes in Java. Common examples:

• ArithmeticException – when dividing by zero.

• NullPointerException – when accessing an object with null reference.

• ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException – when array index is out of range.


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Example:

public class Example {


public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int x = 10 / 0; // ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
User-de ned Exceptions:

These are exceptions created by the programmer for custom error handling.

To create one:

• Extend the Exception class.

• Create a constructor with a message.

Example:

class MyException extends Exception {


public MyException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}

3. Java Program: Custom Exception InvalidAgeException

This program throws a custom exception if the user's age is less than 18.

// Step 1: Create custom exception


class InvalidAgeException extends Exception {
public InvalidAgeException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

// Step 2: Main class


public class AgeCheck {
// Method to validate age
public static void checkAge(int age) throws
InvalidAgeException {
if (age < 18) {
throw new InvalidAgeException("Age must be 18 or
above.");
} else {
System.out.println("Valid age. Access granted.");
}
}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
int age = 16; // Example age

try {
checkAge(age);
} catch (InvalidAgeException e) {
System.out.println("Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

Output:

Exception: Age must be 18 or above.

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