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Radar Exercises (5)

The document discusses radar exercises focusing on Doppler frequency shifts, sampling rates, and pulse compression techniques. It outlines calculations for Doppler shifts related to ion sound waves, the Nyquist theorem for sampling rates, and the effects of pulse length on range resolution through matched filtering. Additionally, it explores the impact of using coded pulses on range ambiguity and the trade-offs involved in improving range resolution.

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sirius5415479
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3 views1 page

Radar Exercises (5)

The document discusses radar exercises focusing on Doppler frequency shifts, sampling rates, and pulse compression techniques. It outlines calculations for Doppler shifts related to ion sound waves, the Nyquist theorem for sampling rates, and the effects of pulse length on range resolution through matched filtering. Additionally, it explores the impact of using coded pulses on range ambiguity and the trade-offs involved in improving range resolution.

Uploaded by

sirius5415479
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Radar Exercises: Doppler, Sampling, Pulse Compression

1. The Poker Flat ISR operates at 450 MHz. The echo from the ionosphere is
produced by reflection from ion sound waves. A typical phase speed for these
waves is 3 km/s. What is the Doppler frequency shift in Hz caused by reflection
off these waves? This represents the approximate width of the Doppler
spectrum.

2. The Nyquist theorem states that we must sample a signal at a rate of at least
twice its highest frequency in order to recover it. For part 1, this so-called
“Nyquist rate” is about 20 kHz, meaning we need samples of I and Q from the
target at a rate of 20kHz. What is the maximum target range at which we can
obtain independent samples of I and Q at this rate? How does this compare
with the altitude of the ionosphere?

3. Range resolution is controlled by the length of the transmitted pulse. The optimal
detection strategy involves correlating the received signal with a replica of the
signal we transmitted (called “Matched Filtering”). In the script given, the two
vectors of 1’s represent identical uncoded radar pulses. Running the script plots
the so-called “range ambiguity function” for the pulse, which is computed by
correlating the pulse with itself. The origin represents the target location, but
there is also received power at ranges other than 0, hence there is “range
ambiguity” associated with any single detection. Try the following:

a) First let’s try a shorter pulse. Replace pulse2 with the following
pulse2 = [0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0]
This represents a pulse that is 40% shorter. Rerun the script. What effects do
you see compared to the original pulse?

b) Now replace pulse2 with the folloing coded version of the pulse,
pulse2 = [1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1]
Each element represents a “bit” or “baud” whose signe we can control. This
code is called a “13-baud Barker code.” The sign changes can be implemented
in hardware by flipping the phase of the transmitted signal 180 degrees for these
bauds. Rerun the script now. What have we achieved with this coding?

c) The range ambiguity is generally defined as the “full-width at half-maximum”


(FWHM) of the main peak of the matched filter output. Compare the range
ambiguity of the uncoded and coded pulses based on this definition. The ratio
of these quantities is referred to as the “pulse compression ratio”. What costs
have we paid for the improved in range resolution from pulse coding?

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