X-ICSE (Chemistry) R.K.

Academy

9
8. Ammonia & Nitric Acid
Q1. Fill in the blanks

1. Most of the nitric acid today is manufactured by Ostwald's process. In this process a
mixture of pure dry ammonia and air in the ratio of (1)_____ by volume is first compressed
and their passed over (2)______ at about (3)_____ ℃. This results in the oxidation of ammonia
into (4)_______ which combines with (5)_______ of the air to give (6)_____ This is an acidic gas
from which nitric acid can be obtained by simply dissolving in (7)______ .

Q2. Multiple choice questions:

1. Ammonia can be obtained by adding water to :

(a) Ammonium chloride (b) Ammonium nitrite
(c) Magnesium nitride (d) Magnesium nitrate
2. Ammonia is soluble in water because:
(a) A polar molecule (b) An acid
(c) A base (d) A simple convalent compound
3. Nitrogen gas can be obtained by heating:
(a) Ammonium nitrate (b) Ammonium nitrite
(c) Magnesium nitride (d) Ammonium chloride
4. The nitrate which evolves laughing gas on decomposition:
(a) Ferric nitrate (b) Calcium nitrate
(c) Sodium nitrate (d) Ammonium nitrate
5. The temperature at which catalytic oxidation of ammonia is carred out:
(a) 200°C (b) 800°C
(c) 1000°C (d) 500°C
6. With excess of chlorine, NH3 forms: "
(a) NH4Cl (b) NCl3
(c) NOCl (d) N2Cl
7. Liquid NH3 is employed in refrigerator, because:
(a) It is more basic (b) It is stable hydride
(c) It has a high dipole moment (d) It has high heat of evaporation
8. Ammonium nitrate is used in :
(a) Lining vessels (b) Paints
(c)Textile industry (d) Preparing explosives
9. The brown ring test is used for the detection of :
(a) CO32- (b) NO3 -
(c) SO32- (d) Cl-
10. The composition of brown ring formed at the function is:
(a) FeSO4.OH (b) FeSO4.NO
(c) FeSO4.H2O (d) FeSO4

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R.K.Academy X-ICSE (Chemistry)

Q3. Give one word for the following:

1. An element that acts as a promoter in the industrial preparation of ammonia.

2. A compound used to dry ammonia.
3. A catalyst used during Haber's process.
4. Products obtained by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
5. Ammonium salt used in the preparation of alum.
6. The product of oxidation of ammonia in Ostwald process.
7. A compound which is manufactured by the oxidation of ammonia.
8. Experiment which demonstrates the extreme solubility of ammonia.
9. The fertilizer formed when nitrogen is reacted with calcium carbide at high temperature.
10. A white ppt. formed when an aqueous solution of the compound is added to a solution of
barium chloride
11. A colourless gas which becomes reddish brown when it comes in contact with atmosphere.
12. An explosive formed when ammonia and chlorine react together.
13. The compound known by the name, Aqua fortis.
14. A catalyst used in the manufacture of nitric acid by ostwald's process.
15. The process by which nitric acid is obtained on a large scale.
16. Salt used in the laboratory to prepare nitric acid.
17. The compound that makes laboratory acid yellow.
18. Organic liquid that bursts into flames when sprayed into highly cone, nitric acid.
19. Gas obtained by treating copper with dilute nitric acid.
20. Products obtained by heating concentrated nitric acid.
21. The gas produced by the action of dil. HNO3 on copper.
22. A compound formed when nitric acid and hydrochloric acid reacts together.
23. The property of nitric acid which allows it to react with copper.
24. A concentrated acid which oxidizes sulphur directly to H2SO4,
25. The gas produced when copper reacts with cone. HNO3.
26. The test carried out with freshly prepared ferrous sulphate.
27. A nitrate which leaves behind no residue on heating.
28. A solution which gives nitrogen dioxide with copper.

Q4. Identify the gases for the following:

1. The gas produced when excess ammonia reacts with chlorine.

2. The gas produced when copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
3. The gas produced when magnesium reacts with dil. nitric acid.
4. The gas produced when ammonium nitrite undergoes a thermal decomposition.
5. The gas produced when dry ammonia and oxygen are ignited.
6. The gas evolved when dry ammonia and oxygen are passed over heated platinum and then
allowed to cool.
7. The gas produced when copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
8. The gas produced when concentrated nitric acid is added to copper. ,
9. The gas produced when sodium nitrate is heated.
10. The gas produced when ammonium nitrate is heated.
11. The gas produced when sodium carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid.

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X-ICSE (Chemistry) R.K.Academy

12. The gases produced when silver nitrate is heated.

13. The gas produced when ammonia burns in an atmosphere of oxygen without any catalysts.

Q5. State the observations in the following:

1. A piece of moist red litmus paper is placed in a gas jar of ammonia.

2. Solution of ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide are mixed and heated.
3. Ammonia is dissolved in water.
4. An aqueous solution of ammonia is added to a solution of ferric chloride.
5. Excess of ammonia is passed through an aqueous solution of lead nitrate.
6. Ammonia is passed through excess chlorine.
7. Ammonia is passed through black copper oxide.
8. Ammonia is passed through yellow lead oxide.
9. Ammonia gas is burnt in an atmosphere of oxygen in the absence of catalyst.
10. When a jar filled with ammonia gas is inverted in a trough of water filled with.
11. Copper turnings are heated with concentrated nitric acid.
12. When a few drops of concentrated nitric acid are dropped on hot saw dust.
13. When a little water is added to a yellow coloured
nitric acid.
14. Concentrated nitric acid is added to copper.
15. Action of nitric acid on limestone.
16. Action of heat on concentrated nitric acid.
17. Nitric acid comes in contact with skin.
18. Hot and conc. nitric acid is added to sulphur.

Q6. Write balanced chemical equation for the following:

1. Reaction of Hydrogen chloride with Ammonia.

2. The preparation of Ammonia from Ammonium chloride and Calcium hydroxide.
3. Magnesium heated in nitrogen.
4. Action of concentrated nitric acid an copper.
5. Action of heat on silver nitrate.
6. Reaction of nitric acid with sodium bicarbonate. ; .
7. Laboratory preparation of nitric acid. .
8. Chlorine reacts with excess of ammonia.
9. Ferric hydroxide reacts with nitric acid.
10. Action of heat on Ammonium nitrate.
11. Dilute nitric acid producing carbon dioxide.
12. Reaction between copper and concentrated nitric acid.
13. Burning of ammonia in oxygen.
14. Catalytic oxidation of ammonia.

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R.K.Academy X-ICSE (Chemistry)

15. Action of heat on ammonium chloride

16. Copper and concentrated nitric acid.
17. Copper oxide and dilute nitric acid.
18. Action of conc. HNO3 on Sulphur.
19. Action of conc. HNO3 on Phosphorus.
20. Action of conc. HNO3 on Carbon.
21. Action of conc. HNO3 on Iodine.
22. Dilute nitric acid and copper.
23. Ammonia with lead oxide.
24. Ammonia with copper oxide.
25. Ammonia with excess chlorine.
26. Action of water in magnesium nitride.
27. Burning of ammonia in oxygen.
28. Catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
29. Aluminium nitride and water.
30. Potassium nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid.
31. Concentrated nitric acid and copper.
32. Action of heat on ammonium nitrate.
33. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen.
34. Dilute nitric acid and sodium carbonate.
35. Decomposition of nitric acid.

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X-ICSE (Chemistry) R.K.Academy

Q7. Give chemical test to distinguish between:

1. Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid.

2. Ammonium ion and hydroxide ion.
3. Nitric oxide gas and nitrous oxide gas.
4. Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid.
5. Oxygen gas and nitrous oxide gas.

Q8. Give reasons:

1. Ammonia cannot be obtained in laboratory from ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide.
Why?
2. Why ammonia gas is not collected over water?
3. Ammonia cannot be dried by bubbling through concentrated Sulphuric acid. Why?
4. Quick lime is the only drying agent used for drying ammonia gas. Why?
5. Ammonia solution is used as laboratory reagent to identify metal ions. Why?
6. Aqueous solution of ammonia turns red litmus blue. Give reason.
7. During the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s process excess of oxygen is taken.
Give reason.
8. In the laboratory preparation of nitric acid, it can be obtained below 200°C or above 200°C , but
the lower temperature is preferred. Why?
9. Conc. HCl is not used in place of conc. H2SO4 to prepare nitric acid from KNO3. Why?
10.Only all-glass apparatus should be used for the preparation of nitric acid. Why?
11.Pure nitric acid take on a yellowish brown colour when exposed to light. Why?
12.Iron is rendered passive with fuming nitric acid. Why?
13.In Haber’s process before the gases are allowed to enter the oxidation chamber, the gases
are sufficiently cooled. Why?
14.The mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen gases entering the catalyst chamber must be pure. Why?
15.Colourless nitric acid forms brown fumes in air. Give reason.

Q9. Short Questions:

1. The questions below are related to the manufacture of ammonia.

(i) Name the process.
(ii) In what ratio must the reactants be taken ?
(iii) Name the catalyst used.
(iv) Give the equation for the manufacture of ammonia.
(v) Ammonia can act as a reducing agent - write a relevant equation for such a reaction.
2. The following questions are based on the preparation of ammonia gas in the laboratory :
(i) Explain why ammonium nitrate is not used in the preparation of ammonia.
(ii) Name the compound normally used as a drying agent during the process.
(iii) How is ammorua gas collected ?
(iv) Explain why it is not collected over water.
(v) Give the name of a hydride of nitrogen.
(vi) Which reactants are used in laboratory preparation of ammonia?
(vii) What is nature of ammonia?

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R.K.Academy X-ICSE (Chemistry)

(viii) Which feature of the Ammonia molecules leads to the formation of the Ammonium ion when
ammonia dissolves in water. Name the other ion formed when Ammonia dissolves in water.
3. (i) What are the products formed when ammonia is oxidized with copper oxide?
(ii) What is the difference between chemical nature of an aqueous solution of hydrogen
chloride and an aqueous solution of ammonia.
4. (1) Does ammonia bum in oxygen? If yes, give equation.
(2) What is catalytic oxidation of ammonia?
(3)What is the special feature of the apparatus that is used in the laboratory preparation
of nitric acid?
(4) Why should the temperature of the reaction mixture of nitric acid not be allowed to
rise above 200°C?
5. (i) What would you see during burning of ammonia in oxygen.
(ii) Name the catalyst used in the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
(iii) In the reaction of the catalytic oxidation of ammonia the catalyst glows red hot, Why?
(iv) What is the name of the industrial process, which starts with the reaction of catalytic
oxidation of ammonia.
(v) How is the temperature maintained in the Ostwald's process?
6.(i) How would you obtain the compound magnesium nitride?
(ii) What property of ammonia is illustrated by the reaction between ammonia and copper
oxide.
(iii) What important industrial process starts with reaction between ammonia and oxygen.
Name the catalyst uses.
(iv) During laboratory preparation how is ammonia dried and collected?
7.Give two reactions to show that nitric acid is :
(i) An acid.
(ii) An oxidizing agent.
8. In what way does the action of dilute nitric acid on a metal like zinc differ from the action of dil.
sulphuric acid.
Or
Dilute Nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid except for its reaction with metals. In what
way is dilute Nitric acid different from other acids when it reacts with metals?
9. The reaction of nitric acid with metals depends upon the concentration of the acid. Give
examples, along with equations to illustrate the reaction of the acid.
10. The action of heat on the blue crystalline solid L gives a reddish brown gas M, a gas which
relights a glowing splint and leaves a black residue. Where as N, which has a rotten egg smell,
is passed through a solution of L a black precipitate is formed.
(i) Identify L, M and N (Name or formula).
(ii) Write the equation for the action of heat on L.
(iii) Write the equation for the reaction between the solution of L and the gas N.
11. What is the ring test for nitric acid? Briefly describe this test.
12. Gas B turns moist red litmus paper blue.
(i) What is the name of gas B ?
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction that takes place when gas B is passed over heated
copper oxide.
13. (i) Sodium hydroxide solution is added to solution A, a white precipitate is formed which is
soluble in excess of sodium hydroxide. What metal ion is present in A ?
(ii) Ammonium hydroxide solution is added to solution B, when a pale blue precipitate is

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X-ICSE (Chemistry) R.K.Academy

formed. This pale blue precipitate dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide to give
inky blue colouration. Name the cation present in B. Name the probable colour of
solution B.
(iii) When an ammonium salt is warmed with sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia gas is
evolved. State three ways to identify the gas.

Q10. Figure based questions:

E
Alkaline gas Nitric oxide O
C
D 2

Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen
Ammonium salt
F

heat G
Colourless and coloured gas Calcium Nitrate Nitrate Acid

(i) Name (a) the ammonium salt A (b) alkaline gas C.

(ii) How the conversion D is carried out? State all the conditions like temperature, pressure
and catalyst.
(iii) (a) How is C converted to nitric oxide? Write the equation.
(b) What is the name of the process?
(c) How is temperature maintained in above process?
(d) Write the equation for conversion of F and G.

2. The diagram shows an experimental set up for the laboratory

preparation of a pungent smelling gas. The gas is alkaline in
nature.
(i) Name the gas collected in the jar.
(ii) Write the balanced equation for the above preparation
(iii) How is the gas being collected?
(iv) Name the drying agent used.
(v) How will you find that the jar is full of gas?

3. Dry ammonia gas is passed over black substance as shown in

fig below.
(i) Name the black substance A.
(ii) Name the gas evolved B.

(iii) Write equation for the reaction of ammonia with A.

(iv)What do you observe when NH3 is passed over copper oxide?
(v) State the property illustrated in the above reaction (iii).

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R.K.Academy X-ICSE (Chemistry)

4. The figure given below illustrates the apparatus used in the laboratory preparation of nitric
acid.
(i) Name A (a liquid), B ( a solid) and C (a liquid). Do not
give the formulae.
(ii) Write an equation to show how nitric acid undergoes
decomposition.

(iii) Write the equation for the reaction in which copper is

oxidized by concentrated nitric acid.

5. Study the scheme for dilute nitric acid.

Colourless solution B

Black Solid Kl(aq.) Dilute Nitric Yellow

D Acid Fe2+(aq.) Solution C

Copper(II)
Carbonate

Blue solution + colourless

A + gas

Give the name or formula of

(a) Solution A
(b) Solution B
(c) Acation in solution C
(d) Solid D
(i) What property of nitric acid is shown by its reaction with iron (II) ions and
aqueous potassium iodide solution?
(ii) Describe one other reaction of dilute nitric acid not shown in the reaction
scheme, that is typical of a strong acid.
6. Copy and Complete the following table relating to the important industrial process. Output refers
to the product of the process and not the intermediate steps.
Name of process Inputs Catalyst Equation for Output
catalyst reaction
Ammonia + air Nitric acid

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