Module Outline: Wireless Networking for Cyber Security

1. Course Description:
This module explores wireless networking technologies, focusing on their use in modern
cybersecurity contexts. Topics include wireless protocols, Wi-Fi standards, encryption methods,
wireless security threats, and defense mechanisms. Hands-on lab sessions will reinforce theoretical
knowledge.

2. Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this module, students will be able to:
• Understand the fundamentals of wireless networking and protocols.
• Assess wireless network vulnerabilities and implement security measures.
• Analyze wireless attacks, such as sniffing, spoofing, and denial of service.
• Apply encryption and authentication protocols in wireless networks.
• Implement security solutions in real-world wireless network environments.

3. Teaching Methods:
• Lectures with multimedia presentations.
• Discussions on case studies and current wireless security threats.
• Hands-on lab sessions with real-world tools like Wireshark, Aircrack-ng, etc.
• Group projects to design and secure wireless networks.

4. Module Content:
• Week 1-2: Introduction to Wireless Networking (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee)
• Week 3-4: Wireless Protocols and Standards (IEEE 802.11, 802.15)
• Week 5-6: Wireless Security Threats (Man-in-the-Middle attacks, Rogue APs, DoS)
• Week 7-8: Encryption Methods (WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3)
• Week 9-10: Wireless Authentication and Authorization
• Week 11-12: Wireless Network Auditing and Penetration Testing
• Week 13: Emerging Trends in Wireless Security (5G, IoT)
• Week 14-15: Group Projects & Presentations

Assessment Plan:
1. Continuous Assessment (50%):
• Quizzes (10%): Short quizzes covering key concepts from lectures (Weeks 3, 6, 9).
• Lab Assignments (20%): Practical tasks related to wireless security (e.g., setting up secure
Wi-Fi, performing a network audit).
• Group Project (20%): Design and secure a wireless network for a mock organization.
Students present their findings and solutions (due Week 14).

2. Final Exam (50%):

• Theory (30%): Short answer and essay questions assessing understanding of wireless
networking protocols, security threats, and defense mechanisms.
 • Practical (20%): A lab-based final exam where students must identify and mitigate wireless
network vulnerabilities in a simulated environment.

Teaching Materials:
• Flip charts, handouts, and multimedia tools for presentations.
• Tools: Wireshark, Aircrack-ng, Kismet.
• Reference Texts:
• William Stallings, "Wireless Communications and Networks."
• Jim Geier, "Wireless Networks First-Step."
• Joshua Wright, "Hacking Exposed Wireless."

Lecture 1: Introduction to Wireless Networking

Lecture Title: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Networks

Objectives:
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
1. Define wireless networking and understand its importance in modern communication.
2. Identify different types of wireless communication technologies.
3. Explain the key components of wireless networks.
4. Recognize the role of wireless networking in cybersecurity.

Outline:
1. What is Wireless Networking?
• Definition: Communication between devices without physical cables.
• Importance: Enables mobile communication, remote access, and IoT applications.
• Examples: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cellular networks, Zigbee.

2. Types of Wireless Networks

• Personal Area Networks (PAN): Bluetooth, Zigbee, IR (Infrared).
• Local Area Networks (LAN): Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 standards).
• Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN): WiMAX.
• Wide Area Networks (WAN): Cellular networks (4G, 5G).

3. Wireless Network Components

• Access Points (APs): Devices that transmit and receive wireless signals.
• Wireless Clients: Laptops, smartphones, IoT devices.
• Wireless Routers: Handle routing between wired and wireless networks.
• Wireless Media: Radio frequencies (RF), infrared, microwave.
4. Wireless Networking Standards
• Overview of IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi standards).
• Evolution from 802.11a/b/g to 802.11n/ac/ax (Wi-Fi 6).
• Basic features of each standard: speed, frequency bands, range, and use cases.

5. Applications of Wireless Networking

• Home Networks: Wi-Fi for internet and smart devices.
• Business Networks: Enterprise Wi-Fi solutions.
• Public Networks: Hotspots, public Wi-Fi services.
• IoT: Smart homes, smart cities, connected devices.

6. Wireless Networking and Cyber Security

• Importance of wireless networks in modern cybersecurity.
• Common vulnerabilities in wireless networks (e.g., open Wi-Fi).
• Introduction to wireless security protocols (WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3).
• Potential wireless attacks (e.g., eavesdropping, rogue access points).

Key Concepts:
• Wireless Networks: Networks that use radio waves or infrared signals to connect devices.
• IEEE 802.11: A set of standards that define communication over wireless local area
networks (WLAN).
• Access Point (AP): A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.
• Security Protocols: Methods of ensuring data integrity and confidentiality in wireless
communication.

Interactive Section:
• Class Discussion: How many of the students use wireless networking in their daily lives?
What types of wireless technology are they familiar with?
• Hands-On Exercise: Identify and connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi, and check for
the security settings (WEP, WPA2, etc.).

Assignments:
• Reading:
• William Stallings, "Wireless Communications and Networks" - Chapter 1
(Introduction to Wireless Networks).
• Quiz: Short quiz on the different types of wireless networks and components.
• Lab Activity: In the next lab session, students will explore the setup of a basic Wi-Fi
network using an access poin

Materials Needed:
• Presentation Slides on wireless networks.
• Multimedia Tools to showcase how wireless networks are set up.
• Wi-Fi Router/Access Point for demonstration.
Case Study for Lecture 1: Introduction to Wireless Networking

Case Study Title: Securing a Public Wi-Fi Network at a University Campus

Background:
A large university provides public Wi-Fi to students, faculty, and staff across its entire campus,
including dormitories, libraries, and lecture halls. The network, called "CampusWiFi," is accessible
to anyone with a university login, and there are no restrictions on the types of devices that can
connect. Recently, the university’s IT department has noticed an increase in suspicious network
activity, including unauthorized access to sensitive student information, slow network performance,
and several reports of students’ devices being hacked.
The university’s IT department has hired a wireless network security consultant to assess the
situation and offer solutions for securing the Wi-Fi network, without interrupting access for students
and staff.

Key Facts:
1. The Wi-Fi network covers a large area (multiple buildings, outdoor spaces).
2. Devices connected include laptops, smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices.
3. The network uses WPA2 encryption, but no additional security measures are in place.
4. The university has experienced an increase in network security incidents.

Case Study Questions:

1. Identify the possible security vulnerabilities present in the current university Wi-Fi
setup.
• Are there any weaknesses in the type of encryption used?
• Is the large number of devices connected to the network increasing the risk of
attacks?
• Could open access points or weak passwords be part of the problem?
2. What type of attacks might the university be experiencing?
• Could it be man-in-the-middle attacks, where malicious actors intercept
communications between devices?
• Are there any possibilities of rogue access points set up to steal login credentials?
• Is there a chance of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks causing the slow network
performance?
3. What wireless security measures would you recommend to the university?
• Implementing WPA3 encryption to replace WPA2 for better security.
• Enforcing strong authentication methods such as two-factor authentication (2FA).
• Introducing network segmentation to separate sensitive administrative data from
general student traffic.
 • Setting up intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor network traffic for
suspicious activity.
4. What strategies could the IT department use to educate students and staff about safe
practices when using public Wi-Fi?
• Running regular cybersecurity awareness campaigns.
• Informing users about the dangers of connecting to unsecured networks.
• Encouraging the use of VPNs for secure, encrypted communication over the
network.

Class Activity:
• Group Discussion: Divide the class into small groups. Each group will analyze the current
state of the university’s wireless network and propose a security solution. They should
consider the vulnerabilities and types of attacks that may occur, and how to mitigate them.
• Presentation: Each group presents its proposed solution to the class, explaining their
reasoning behind each security measure they recommend.

Instructor’s Summary:
After the class presentations, summarize the best practices for securing a large public wireless
network. Highlight the importance of strong encryption (WPA3), monitoring network traffic, and
user education to prevent common wireless attacks. Also, discuss the relevance of this case study to
cybersecurity, especially when managing large networks in public spaces like universities or
enterprises.

Learning Outcomes:
• Students will understand the real-world challenges of managing a wireless network in a
public environment.
• They will gain insights into various wireless attacks and how to protect against them.
• Students will learn how to apply basic wireless security principles in a practical context.

Lab Session for Lecture 1: Setting Up a Basic Wireless Network and Exploring
Security Settings
Lab Title: Wi-Fi Network Setup and Security Configuration

Objectives:
By the end of this lab, students will:
1. Set up a basic Wi-Fi network using an access point (AP) or Wi-Fi router.
2. Configure basic wireless settings, such as SSID, encryption type, and passwords.
3. Explore different Wi-Fi security settings (WEP, WPA2, WPA3) and understand their
strengths and weaknesses.
4. Test the network by connecting devices and observing security options.
Equipment Needed:
• Wi-Fi router or wireless access point.
• Laptops or smartphones (to connect to the Wi-Fi network).
• Ethernet cables (for setup if necessary).
• Admin access to the router settings page (for configuration).
• Internet access (optional, for extended testing).

Step-by-Step Lab Procedure:

Step 1: Setup the Wireless Access Point or Router
1. Power on the Wi-Fi router or access point and connect it to a laptop using an Ethernet cable
(if necessary for initial configuration).
2. Open a web browser and enter the router’s IP address (commonly 192.168.1.1 or
192.168.0.1) to access the admin console.
3. Log in to the admin console with default credentials (provided in the router manual) and
change the default admin username and password for security.

Step 2: Configure Basic Wi-Fi Settings

1. SSID (Network Name): Set a unique SSID for the network, e.g., "LabNetwork1".
2. Frequency Band: Choose the appropriate frequency band for the network:
• 2.4 GHz: Longer range, slower speed.
• 5 GHz: Shorter range, faster speed.
3. Channel: Set the wireless channel manually or leave it to auto-select.
4. Broadcast Settings: Decide whether to hide or broadcast the SSID (hiding makes it harder
for unauthorized users to find the network).

Step 3: Configure Wireless Security Settings

1. Security Mode: Test different security modes:
• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy): Outdated and vulnerable, but configure to
observe its limitations.
• WPA2-PSK (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2): Standard for most modern networks;
strong encryption using AES.
• WPA3: The latest, most secure encryption method (if the router supports it).
2. Passphrase/Key: Set a strong password for the network (e.g., at least 12 characters,
including letters, numbers, and symbols).

Step 4: Connect to the Network

1. On a laptop or smartphone, search for available Wi-Fi networks and connect to
"LabNetwork1."
2. Enter the passphrase set earlier.
3. Verify the connection and check for internet access if the router is connected to the internet.
4. Test the speed and signal strength at different distances from the access point.
Step 5: Explore Advanced Security Options
1. Explore settings like MAC address filtering (limiting which devices can connect to the
network).
2. Set up guest networks with different security settings to see how segmentation works.
3. Enable firewall features to enhance the network’s security.

Step 6: Disconnect and Reconnect Using Different Security Settings

1. Change the security mode to WEP and reconnect the devices. Observe how quickly the
device connects and what warnings appear (some devices might warn about weak security).
2. Repeat the process for WPA2 and WPA3. Discuss how the experience differs (in terms of
time, warnings, etc.).

Lab Report (To Be Submitted):

1. Network Setup Details:
• SSID, frequency band, channel, security mode, passphrase.
2. Screenshots of router settings for WEP, WPA2, and WPA3.
3. Connection Results:
• Time taken to connect in each security mode.
• Signal strength observations (distance from AP).
4. Security Analysis:
• Which security mode did you feel was the most secure, and why?
• Did hiding the SSID affect your ability to connect?
• What suggestions would you make to improve network security?

Conclusion:
Students should now understand how to set up and secure a basic wireless network. They should
also have a practical understanding of different wireless security modes and how they impact
network safety and performance.
This lab session provides a hands-on experience, linking the theoretical knowledge from Lecture 1
to practical skills in configuring and securing a wireless network.

Lecture 2: Wireless Networking Protocols and Standards

Lecture Title: Understanding Wireless Protocols and IEEE 802.11 Standards

Objectives:
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
1. Understand the different wireless communication protocols.
2. Explain the evolution of the IEEE 802.11 wireless standards (Wi-Fi).
3. Recognize the features of different Wi-Fi standards and their use cases.
4. Identify the advantages and limitations of each protocol and standard.
Outline:
1. Introduction to Wireless Protocols
• Definition of wireless protocols: Rules governing communication over a wireless network.
• Importance of protocols in ensuring devices can communicate and understand each other.
• Examples of wireless protocols: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LTE.

2. IEEE 802.11 Standards (Wi-Fi)

• Overview of IEEE 802.11, the family of wireless LAN standards.
• Evolution of Wi-Fi standards:
• 802.11b (1999): 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz.
• 802.11g (2003): 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz.
• 802.11n (2009): Up to 600 Mbps, 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, introduction of MIMO
(Multiple Input, Multiple Output).
• 802.11ac (2014): Gigabit speeds, 5 GHz, beamforming, and better range.
• 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6, 2019): Improved efficiency, capacity, and performance in
congested environments.

3. Comparison of Wireless Protocols

• Wi-Fi vs. Bluetooth: Range, speed, and use cases.
• Wi-Fi vs. Zigbee: Focus on low-power, short-range communication (IoT devices).
• Wi-Fi vs. LTE: Cellular network protocol for long-range communication.

4. Frequency Bands and Channels

• 2.4 GHz vs. 5 GHz: Range, speed, and interference comparison.
• Understanding wireless channels and the importance of channel selection to avoid
interference.

5. Use Cases of Different Wi-Fi Standards

• Home Networks: 802.11n or 802.11ac.
• Enterprise Networks: 802.11ac or 802.11ax for better performance and capacity.
• Public Networks: Wi-Fi 6 for dense environments (airports, stadiums).

6. Future of Wireless Networking: Wi-Fi 7 and Beyond

• Introduction to the upcoming Wi-Fi 7 standard and its expected features.
• Enhanced performance, speed, and reliability for emerging technologies (e.g., 8K streaming,
VR, AR).

Key Concepts:
• Wi-Fi Standards: A set of specifications that define how wireless networks should operate.
• 802.11ac: Also known as Wi-Fi 5, it offers gigabit speeds and improved range over previous
standards.
• 802.11ax: Known as Wi-Fi 6, it focuses on efficiency in crowded environments and supports
higher device density.
Interactive Section:
• Class Discussion: Ask students to think about which Wi-Fi standards they use at home or
work. How does the choice of standard affect their internet experience (speed, range)?
• Practical Example: Show real-world routers that support different standards and discuss the
features (speed, frequency, range).

Assignments:
• Reading:
• "Wireless Communications and Networks" by William Stallings, Chapter 2 (Wi-Fi
Standards).
• Quiz: A short quiz on the different IEEE 802.11 standards and their technical features.
• Group Activity: In groups, students will research a specific Wi-Fi standard (802.11b,
802.11g, 802.11n, etc.) and present its advantages, limitations, and use cases in the next
class.

Case Study 1: Choosing the Right Wi-Fi Standard for a Smart

Campus
Background:
A university is planning to implement a smart campus solution. This includes providing Wi-Fi to
students and staff in lecture halls, dormitories, libraries, and outdoor spaces. The university also
plans to introduce IoT devices for monitoring energy use, campus security, and student attendance.
The IT team is considering two options for the network:
1. 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5): Already available in some parts of the campus and provides fast speeds
and good range.
2. 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6): Newer, offering better performance in crowded environments, but at a
higher installation cost.

Key Questions:
1. Which Wi-Fi standard would be more suitable for the smart campus?
• Consider the number of devices, expected network traffic, and budget.
2. What are the key differences in performance between Wi-Fi 5 and Wi-Fi 6?
• Compare speed, capacity, range, and efficiency in a dense user environment.
3. How could IoT devices benefit from Wi-Fi 6’s efficiency and capacity features?
• Discuss the role of low-latency communication and better power management.

Group Activity:
• Divide the students into groups. Each group will act as the university’s IT department and
propose a wireless network solution using either 802.11ac or 802.11ax.
 • They should justify their choice based on technical requirements, performance, and cost.

Case Study 2: Improving Wireless Network Performance in a

Stadium
Background:
A large sports stadium provides Wi-Fi to tens of thousands of spectators during events. The current
network, using 802.11n, struggles to keep up with demand, causing slow connections and dropped
connections, especially during peak usage times (e.g., halftime).
The stadium's management is considering upgrading to 802.11ac or 802.11ax to provide better
performance.

Key Questions:
1. What challenges does the stadium face with the existing 802.11n network?
• Consider device density, interference, and speed limitations.
2. How can 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) improve the network performance for such a large
number of users?
• Discuss features like OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access) and
MU-MIMO (Multi-User, Multiple Input Multiple Output).
3. What strategies can be used to reduce interference and ensure stable connections for
all spectators?
• Consider channel selection, frequency bands, and access point placement.

Lab Session for Lecture 2: Comparing Wi-Fi Standards

Lab Title: Testing Wi-Fi Networks with Different Protocols and Standards

Objectives:
By the end of this lab, students will:
1. Set up wireless networks using different Wi-Fi standards (802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax
if available).
2. Test and compare the performance (speed, range, and capacity) of these networks.
3. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each Wi-Fi standard.

Equipment Needed:
• Wi-Fi routers supporting 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax (if available).
• Laptops or smartphones with Wi-Fi capabilities.
• Speed test software or websites (e.g., Speedtest.net).
• Wi-Fi signal strength analyzer (optional).
Step-by-Step Lab Procedure:
Step 1: Set Up the Networks
1. Configure the first Wi-Fi network using the 802.11n standard.
• Set the SSID to "Wi-Fi_Network_802.11n" and choose a strong password.
2. Set up the second Wi-Fi network using the 802.11ac standard.
• Set the SSID to "Wi-Fi_Network_802.11ac" and use the same password.
3. (Optional) Set up a third network using 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) if the equipment is available.
• Set the SSID to "Wi-Fi_Network_802.11ax."

Step 2: Test Speed and Range

1. Connect to each network and run speed tests using online tools or software.
2. Measure the download and upload speeds for each Wi-Fi standard.
3. Move farther from the access point and measure signal strength and speed at different
distances (close, medium, and far).

Step 3: Measure Capacity (Simulated Test)

1. Connect multiple devices (laptops, phones, tablets) to each network to simulate a high-
density environment.
2. Run speed tests on all devices simultaneously and observe how performance changes as
more devices are connected.

Step 4: Compare Results

1. Record and compare the results for speed, range, and capacity across the different Wi-Fi
standards.
2. Analyze which standard performs best under different conditions.

Discussion Points:
1. Performance Analysis:
• How does the performance of 802.11n compare to 802.11ac and 802.11ax?
• What changes in speed and signal strength as you move farther from the access
point?
2. Network Capacity:
• How does adding more devices affect network performance?
• Which standard handles a higher number of devices more efficiently?
3. Real-World Applications:
• Based on your results, which Wi-Fi standard would you recommend for a home
network, an office, or a public space like a library or stadium?
Lecture 3: Wireless Network Security and Encryption Protocols
Lecture Title: Securing Wireless Networks – Encryption Protocols and Authentication
Methods

Objectives:
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
1. Understand the common wireless network security threats.
2. Explain various wireless encryption protocols (WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3).
3. Explore authentication methods for securing wireless networks.
4. Learn about wireless network vulnerabilities and how to mitigate them.

Outline:
1. Common Wireless Security Threats
• Eavesdropping (Packet Sniffing): Unauthorized interception of data traveling over a
wireless network.
• Rogue Access Points: Malicious access points set up to mimic legitimate networks.
• Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: Overloading a network with traffic to make it unusable.
• Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: Intercepting and manipulating communications
between two devices on a network.

2. Overview of Wireless Encryption Protocols

• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy): Early security standard, now outdated due to
vulnerabilities.
• WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access): Improved encryption over WEP but still has weaknesses.
• WPA2: The most widely used encryption standard, utilizing AES (Advanced Encryption
Standard) for robust security.
• WPA3: The latest standard with stronger encryption, better protection against brute-force
attacks, and improved security for public networks.

3. WPA3 Features and Improvements

• Forward Secrecy: Each session has its unique encryption key, ensuring that past
communications remain secure even if a key is compromised.
• Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE): A more secure method for negotiating
network keys, reducing the risk of brute-force attacks.
• Better Protection on Public Wi-Fi: Enhanced encryption and secure connections even on
open, password-free networks.

4. Wireless Network Authentication Methods

• Pre-Shared Key (PSK): Common for home networks, where all devices share the same
key.
 • 802.1X Authentication (Enterprise): Involves the use of a RADIUS server for
authenticating users, common in enterprise networks.
• Captive Portals: Used in public networks to authenticate users through a web interface
before granting access.

5. Wireless Security Best Practices

• Use WPA3 whenever possible for better encryption.
• Regularly change Wi-Fi passwords and use strong, complex passwords.
• Disable SSID broadcasting if possible, to make the network less visible to attackers.
• Enable MAC address filtering to limit which devices can connect to the network.
• Regularly update router firmware to fix vulnerabilities.

Key Concepts:
• Encryption Protocols: Different methods for encrypting data transmitted over a wireless
network to protect it from unauthorized access.
• Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of a user or device before granting
access to the network.

Interactive Section:
• Class Discussion: Discuss recent examples of wireless network hacks or breaches and how
better encryption and authentication methods could have mitigated those threats.
• Practical Example: Demonstrate packet sniffing on an unsecured network vs. a secured
WPA2/WPA3 network.

Assignments:
• Reading:
• "Network Security Essentials" by William Stallings, Chapter 5 (Wireless Security).
• Quiz: A short quiz on encryption protocols, focusing on differences between WPA2 and
WPA3.
• Research Task: Students will research a real-world example of a wireless network security
breach and present how encryption weaknesses contributed to the attack.

Case Study 1: Wireless Security in a Corporate Environment

Background:
A large corporate office uses a WPA2-Enterprise wireless network to provide secure access for
employees. Each employee uses their company credentials to connect, and the network is
segmented to ensure that sensitive data (e.g., HR and financial data) is kept separate from less
sensitive traffic (e.g., general internet browsing).
Recently, the IT department noticed suspicious activity on the wireless network, indicating a
potential security breach. Upon investigation, it was discovered that one employee’s credentials had
been compromised, allowing an attacker to gain access to the network and potentially sensitive data.

Key Questions:
1. What security weaknesses allowed the attacker to breach the network?
• Explore the use of WPA2-Enterprise and whether additional measures (e.g., two-
factor authentication) could have helped.
2. How could the corporate network be improved to prevent future breaches?
• Discuss upgrading to WPA3-Enterprise and introducing stronger authentication
mechanisms.
3. What steps should the IT team take to mitigate the damage of the breach?
• Consider actions like resetting passwords, reissuing certificates, and tightening
network access controls.

Case Study 2: Securing a Coffee Shop’s Public Wi-Fi

Background:
A local coffee shop offers free Wi-Fi to its customers, which is open and does not require a
password. Over time, the owner has received complaints from customers about their data being
intercepted or experiencing slow speeds due to high traffic.
The owner is concerned about the security of the network and wants to make it safer for customers,
while still providing easy access.

Key Questions:
1. What security risks are associated with offering open Wi-Fi to the public?
• Discuss the potential for MITM attacks, rogue access points, and data interception.
2. How can the coffee shop improve its Wi-Fi security without making it difficult for
customers to connect?
• Consider the use of WPA3 encryption, guest network segmentation, or captive
portals.
3. What steps can be taken to reduce network congestion and improve performance?
• Discuss bandwidth management, limiting connection time, or restricting certain types
of traffic.

Lab Session for Lecture 3: Securing a Wireless Network

Lab Title: Configuring Wireless Network Security with WPA3 and Testing Vulnerabilities

Objectives:
By the end of this lab, students will:
 1. Secure a wireless network using WPA3 encryption.
2. Test the network for vulnerabilities using basic tools.
3. Compare the security of WPA2 and WPA3 networks.
4. Explore the impact of different authentication methods on network security.

Equipment Needed:
• Wi-Fi router supporting WPA2 and WPA3 encryption.
• Laptops or smartphones for connecting to the network.
• Network analysis tools (e.g., Wireshark) to monitor network traffic.
• Tools for password cracking simulations (e.g., Hashcat).

Step-by-Step Lab Procedure:

Step 1: Configure a WPA2-PSK Network
1. Set up a Wi-Fi network using WPA2 encryption.
• SSID: "Secure_Network_WPA2"
• Password: "StrongPassword123"
2. Connect a laptop or smartphone to the network and verify the connection.

Step 2: Test for Vulnerabilities

1. Use a network analysis tool (e.g., Wireshark) to capture packets on the WPA2 network.
• Observe how traffic is encrypted, but note that some metadata may still be visible.
2. Simulate a brute-force attack using a password-cracking tool (e.g., Hashcat) to show how
weak passwords can be compromised.

Step 3: Configure a WPA3-PSK Network

1. Set up a second Wi-Fi network using WPA3 encryption.
• SSID: "Secure_Network_WPA3"
• Password: "EvenStrongerPassword456"
2. Connect to the network using a device that supports WPA3 and verify the connection.

Step 4: Compare WPA2 and WPA3

1. Test the WPA3 network for vulnerabilities using the same tools.
• Compare the encryption strength and note how WPA3 provides better protection
(e.g., Forward Secrecy).
2. Observe any improvements in security, especially against brute-force attacks.

Step 5: Explore Authentication Options

1. Switch to WPA3-Enterprise mode and configure the router to use 802.1X authentication
with a RADIUS server.
• Provide each student with unique credentials to log in.
 2. Test the network by logging in with different user accounts and monitor how access is
granted.

Discussion Points:
1. Security Comparison:
• How does WPA3 improve security over WPA2?
• What vulnerabilities exist even in WPA3 networks?
2. Authentication Methods:
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using WPA3-Enterprise with 802.1X
authentication?
• How does enterprise-level security differ from home network security?
3. Password Strength:
• How does password strength affect the security of both WPA2 and WPA3 networks?
• What additional security measures can be implemented to protect networks?

Lab Report (To Be Submitted):

1. Network Configuration Details:
• SSID, encryption mode (WPA2/WPA3), password used.
2. Vulnerability Test Results:
• Packet capture analysis for both WPA2 and WPA3.
• Brute-force attack results and success rate.
3. Security Recommendations:
• Based on the results, what are the best practices for securing a wireless network in a
home or enterprise environment?

Conclusion:
This lab session helps students gain hands-on experience securing wireless networks and
understanding the practical differences between WPA2 and WPA3. Through this, they will see the
real-world applications of encryption and authentication in protecting network data.

Lecture 4: Wireless Network Design and Infrastructure

Lecture Title: Designing and Deploying Wireless Networks for Performance and Coverage

Objectives:
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
1. Understand the components of wireless network design.
2. Explain factors influencing network performance and coverage.
3. Design wireless networks for different environments (home, enterprise, public).
 4. Learn about the tools and techniques used to optimize wireless network coverage.

Outline:
1. Components of Wireless Network Design
• Access Points (APs): Devices that provide wireless connectivity to clients. Types include
standalone APs, cloud-managed APs, and mesh APs.
• Wireless Controllers: Centralized management devices for large networks, used in
enterprises to control multiple APs.
• Antennas: Types of antennas (omnidirectional vs. directional) and their impact on coverage
and range.
• Switches and Routers: Backbone devices that support wired infrastructure and provide
internet access to the wireless network.

2. Factors Influencing Wireless Network Performance

• Signal Strength and Range: Factors affecting signal strength, such as physical obstructions
(walls, floors), interference from other devices, and distance from the access point.
• Bandwidth and Capacity: Ensuring enough bandwidth is allocated for the expected
number of users and devices.
• Channel Selection: Avoiding channel overlap and interference from neighboring networks
by selecting optimal channels.
• Frequency Bands (2.4 GHz vs. 5 GHz): Understanding the trade-off between coverage (2.4
GHz) and speed (5 GHz).

3. Wireless Network Design Considerations

• Network Size and Coverage Area: Determining the number of APs needed based on the
size of the area to be covered.
• Device Density: Planning for high-density environments like offices, stadiums, or airports,
and using features such as MU-MIMO to handle many devices.
• Interference Management: Identifying and mitigating sources of interference, such as
other wireless networks, microwaves, Bluetooth devices, and physical barriers.
• Security Considerations: Incorporating security protocols like WPA3 and using network
segmentation (VLANs) to isolate sensitive data traffic.

4. Wireless Site Surveys

• Purpose of a Site Survey: Ensuring optimal placement of APs for maximum coverage and
minimal interference.
• Tools for Wireless Site Surveys: Use of tools like Ekahau, NetSpot, or heat maps to
visualize signal strength.
• Pre-Deployment Surveys: Conducting surveys before network deployment to ensure the
best design.
• Post-Deployment Surveys: Validating network performance after deployment to check for
any coverage gaps or performance issues.
5. Wireless Network Topologies
• Basic Topologies: Infrastructure mode (most common for enterprise networks), ad-hoc
mode (direct device-to-device communication).
• Mesh Networks: Using multiple APs that connect to each other, providing seamless
coverage and redundancy.
• Hierarchical Network Design: Designing networks with multiple layers (core, distribution,
and access) for large-scale deployments.

Key Concepts:
• Wireless Site Surveys: A crucial step in wireless network design, used to optimize the
placement of APs and improve network performance.
• Frequency Band Planning: Choosing between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz based on coverage and
performance requirements.

Interactive Section:
• Class Discussion: What are the key challenges in designing wireless networks for different
environments (e.g., home vs. enterprise vs. stadium)?
• Practical Example: Use a wireless network design tool to show how changing the location
of an AP impacts coverage.

Assignments:
• Reading:
• "Designing and Deploying 802.11 Wireless Networks" by Jim Geier, Chapter 4
(Wireless Network Design).
• Quiz: A short quiz on factors affecting wireless network performance and design
considerations.
• Design Task: Students will design a wireless network for a given environment (e.g., an
office or a home), using the design principles covered in the lecture.

Case Study 1: Wireless Network Design for a Hospital

Background:
A hospital is planning to implement a new wireless network to improve connectivity for staff,
patients, and visitors. The network will need to support real-time communication between medical
devices (e.g., patient monitors, IV pumps), access to electronic health records (EHRs), and internet
access for patients and visitors.
Challenges include:
• Ensuring reliability in critical areas like operating rooms and intensive care units.
• Segregating traffic between staff, medical devices, and guest users for security and
performance.
• Minimizing interference from medical equipment and physical barriers like walls and
floors.
Key Questions:
1. What design considerations are important for the hospital’s wireless network?
• Discuss the need for reliability, low-latency communication, and network
segmentation.
2. How can the network be designed to ensure coverage in critical areas while minimizing
interference?
• Explore techniques like directional antennas and frequency band selection.
3. What security measures should be implemented to protect sensitive medical data?
• Discuss using WPA3, network segmentation, and encryption for data transmission.

Group Activity:
• Each group will design a wireless network for the hospital, focusing on reliable coverage,
security, and interference management. They should present their design in the next class.

Case Study 2: Wireless Network Deployment in a University

Campus
Background:
A university wants to deploy a new wireless network to provide internet access across the entire
campus. This includes lecture halls, dormitories, libraries, and outdoor areas. The network needs to
support thousands of students and staff, as well as handle high traffic during peak times (e.g.,
exams, events).
Challenges include:
• Device density: Managing many connected devices during busy times.
• Coverage: Ensuring consistent coverage across large indoor and outdoor areas.
• Security: Providing secure access to the network for staff while allowing students and
guests limited access.

Key Questions:
1. How can the university ensure that the network supports a high density of users?
• Explore the use of MU-MIMO, band steering, and load balancing.
2. What strategies can be used to provide consistent coverage across a large area?
• Discuss the placement of APs, mesh networking, and the use of different frequency
bands.
3. How can the network be secured for different user groups (staff vs. students vs.
guests)?
• Explore using VLANs and SSID segmentation.

Group Activity:
• Each group will create a wireless network design for the university campus, taking into
consideration user density, coverage, and security. They will present their design and justify
their choices in class.
Lab Session for Lecture 4: Wireless Network Design and Optimization
Lab Title: Designing a Wireless Network and Conducting a Site Survey

Objectives:
By the end of this lab, students will:
1. Design a wireless network for a specific environment.
2. Use a wireless site survey tool to optimize the placement of access points.
3. Analyze the design for performance, coverage, and interference.

Equipment Needed:
• Laptops with wireless site survey tools (e.g., Ekahau, NetSpot).
• Wi-Fi routers or access points for deployment.
• Wireless devices (laptops, smartphones) to test network performance.
• Floor plans of a sample environment (e.g., office, home, school).

Step-by-Step Lab Procedure:

Step 1: Network Design
1. Choose an environment for the wireless network (e.g., office, home, or school).
2. Plan the placement of access points based on expected coverage and device density.
3. Consider factors like physical barriers, interference, and channel selection.

Step 2: Conduct a Wireless Site Survey

1. Use a wireless site survey tool (e.g., NetSpot) to conduct a pre-deployment survey.
• Measure the signal strength of existing wireless networks.
• Identify potential sources of interference.
• Create a heatmap showing expected signal coverage based on AP placement.

Step 3: Deploy and Test the Network

1. Set up the wireless network based on the design.
• Configure the access points and connect devices to the network.
2. Use the site survey tool again to validate the network’s performance.
• Check for coverage gaps, weak signal areas, and interference.
• Adjust AP placement if necessary to optimize coverage.

Step 4: Analyze the Network Design

1. Compare the actual performance of the network to the expected performance from the site
survey.
2. Analyze the design for any shortcomings and suggest improvements.
• Consider adding more APs or adjusting placement to fill coverage gaps.

Discussion Points:
1. Network Design Performance:
 • How does the actual network performance compare to the design?
• What challenges did you face in optimizing coverage and avoiding interference?
2. Coverage and Interference:
• How did physical barriers (walls, floors) and interference affect signal strength?
• What techniques could be used to improve performance (e.g., changing channels,
adding APs)?
3. Real-World Application:
• How would you apply the skills learned in this lab to design a network for a real-
world environment (e.g., an office, hospital, or campus)?

Lab Report (To Be Submitted):

1. Network Design:
• Include the layout, AP placement, and explanation of design choices.
2. Site Survey Results:
• Pre

Lecture 5: Wireless Network Management and Monitoring

Lecture Title: Managing and Monitoring Wireless Networks for Performance and Security

Objectives:
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
1. Understand the tools and techniques used to manage and monitor wireless networks.
2. Learn about the key performance metrics for wireless networks (latency, throughput, packet
loss).
3. Explore network monitoring systems for detecting issues and ensuring security.
4. Learn how to troubleshoot common wireless network issues.

Outline:
1. Wireless Network Management
• Centralized Management Systems: Tools like Cisco Prime, Aruba AirWave, and Ubiquiti
UniFi for managing large-scale wireless networks from a single interface.
• Cloud-Based Network Management: Advantages of cloud-managed networks (e.g.,
Meraki Dashboard) for remote monitoring and control.
• AP Configuration and Management: How to configure access points, update firmware,
and manage network settings (channel selection, transmit power).
• Bandwidth and User Management: Techniques for controlling bandwidth allocation and
managing user access (e.g., rate limiting, Quality of Service - QoS).

2. Key Performance Metrics

• Latency: Delay in data transmission; causes and impacts on real-time applications (e.g.,
VoIP, video streaming).
 • Throughput: The amount of data transmitted successfully over the network; how to
optimize throughput in high-traffic environments.
• Packet Loss: Causes of packet loss and its effects on network performance.
• Jitter: Variability in packet arrival times, particularly affecting real-time communications.
• Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): How interference and noise impact network performance.

3. Wireless Network Monitoring Tools

• Network Monitoring Software: Tools like SolarWinds, PRTG, and Zabbix for tracking
network health, detecting security issues, and analyzing traffic patterns.
• Real-Time Monitoring: How to set up alerts and dashboards to monitor network
performance in real-time.
• Security Monitoring: Detecting unauthorized access, rogue APs, and intrusion attempts
through monitoring tools (e.g., WPA3 monitoring, logging access attempts).
• Troubleshooting with Logs: How to use logs and diagnostic tools to troubleshoot network
issues (e.g., slow connections, disconnections).

4. Common Wireless Network Issues and Troubleshooting

• Interference and Congestion: Identifying sources of interference (e.g., other networks,
devices) and using techniques like channel selection, load balancing, and band steering to
alleviate congestion.
• Coverage Gaps: How to detect and resolve dead zones and weak signals by adjusting AP
placement or adding repeaters.
• Authentication Issues: Troubleshooting issues with WPA2/WPA3 authentication, PSK, and
802.1X.
• Device Compatibility: Ensuring that older devices can connect to modern networks (e.g.,
WPA3 backward compatibility).

Key Concepts:
• Network Monitoring: The ongoing process of observing and managing the health,
performance, and security of a wireless network.
• Performance Metrics: Measurements used to assess the efficiency and functionality of a
wireless network (latency, throughput, SNR).

Interactive Section:
• Class Discussion: What are the challenges in managing large-scale wireless networks, and
how can centralized or cloud-based management systems help?
• Practical Example: Demonstrate a real-time monitoring dashboard showing network health
and potential issues like bandwidth hogs or weak signals.

Assignments:
• Reading:
• "CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide" by David
D. Coleman and David A. Westcott, Chapter 10 (Wireless Network Monitoring).
• Quiz: A quiz covering network management tools, performance metrics, and
troubleshooting techniques.
 • Practical Task: Set up a simple network monitoring dashboard and configure basic alerts
for network performance (e.g., latency, signal strength).

Case Study 1: Managing a Wireless Network in a University

Library
Background:
A university library recently upgraded its wireless network to improve coverage and handle an
increasing number of connected devices. However, the IT team noticed performance issues during
peak hours, including slow connections, frequent disconnections, and reports of weak signals in
certain areas of the library.
The IT team needs to investigate and resolve the performance issues while ensuring that all users,
including students, faculty, and visitors, have reliable access to the network.

Key Questions:
1. What tools can the IT team use to monitor the library's wireless network performance?
• Discuss real-time monitoring tools, including dashboards and alert systems, to detect
issues like bandwidth congestion and interference.
2. How can the IT team address the performance issues during peak hours?
• Explore solutions like load balancing, adding more access points, and optimizing
channel selection.
3. What steps can be taken to improve coverage in areas with weak signals?
• Consider adjusting the placement of APs, adding repeaters, or boosting the transmit
power of existing APs.

Group Activity:
• Each group will analyze the wireless network performance issues faced by the library and
propose a management plan that includes monitoring tools, troubleshooting methods, and
performance optimization strategies.

Case Study 2: Wireless Network Security in a Corporate

Office
Background:
A corporate office has implemented a WPA3 wireless network for secure communication between
employees. However, the IT team has detected several security threats, including multiple failed
authentication attempts and the presence of unauthorized devices trying to connect to the network.
They also suspect that a rogue access point has been set up to intercept company data.
The company must secure the network, identify the sources of the security threats, and implement
stronger monitoring and management practices.
Key Questions:
1. How can the IT team use monitoring tools to detect and address security threats on the
network?
• Explore the use of real-time monitoring, log analysis, and security alerts to detect
failed authentication attempts and rogue access points.
2. What security practices should be implemented to prevent unauthorized access and
rogue APs?
• Discuss network segmentation, MAC address filtering, and regular security audits.
3. How can the IT team ensure the wireless network remains secure without disrupting
normal operations?
• Consider methods for continuous monitoring and timely responses to security threats
while maintaining network performance.

Group Activity:
• Each group will propose a security management plan for the corporate office, focusing on
using monitoring tools to detect threats and implement proactive security measures (e.g.,
WPA3 monitoring, rogue AP detection).

Lab Session for Lecture 5: Wireless Network Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Lab Title: Setting Up and Using Network Monitoring Tools

Objectives:
By the end of this lab, students will:
1. Set up a wireless network monitoring system.
2. Monitor network performance and security in real time.
3. Troubleshoot common wireless network issues using monitoring tools.
4. Analyze network logs for performance optimization and security threats.

Equipment Needed:
• Wireless access points or routers with monitoring capabilities.
• Laptops with network monitoring software (e.g., PRTG, SolarWinds, Wireshark).
• Wireless devices (smartphones, laptops) to test network connectivity.
• A sample network with different APs and devices connected.

Step-by-Step Lab Procedure:

Step 1: Set Up the Monitoring Tool
1. Install and configure a network monitoring tool (e.g., PRTG, Zabbix, or Wireshark) on your
laptop.
2. Connect the monitoring tool to the wireless network to start collecting data.
• Set up dashboards to display performance metrics such as latency, throughput, packet
loss, and signal strength.
Step 2: Monitor Wireless Network Performance
1. Simulate network traffic by connecting multiple devices to the network and performing
various activities (e.g., browsing, streaming).
2. Use the monitoring tool to track key metrics like bandwidth usage, latency, and packet loss.
• Identify any performance issues (e.g., slow connections, high latency).

Step 3: Set Up Alerts for Network Issues

1. Configure the monitoring tool to trigger alerts for network issues such as high latency, weak
signal, or bandwidth congestion.
2. Test the alert system by creating a performance issue (e.g., streaming on multiple devices to
cause bandwidth congestion).
• Observe how the monitoring tool detects the issue and triggers the alert.

Step 4: Monitor Wireless Network Security

1. Use the monitoring tool to track failed authentication attempts and unauthorized access to
the network.
• Simulate an unauthorized device trying to connect to the network and observe how
the monitoring tool logs the attempt.
2. Enable logging and analyze logs for signs of network security threats (e.g., rogue APs, failed
logins).

Step 5: Troubleshoot Wireless Network Issues

1. Identify and troubleshoot common issues detected during monitoring (e.g., high latency, low
throughput, weak signals).
• Use the monitoring data to make adjustments (e.g., change AP channels, optimize
transmit power, or adjust AP placement).

Discussion Points:
1. Performance Monitoring:
• How did the monitoring tool help in detecting network performance issues? What
could be done to improve the network’s performance?
2. Security Monitoring:
• How effective were the monitoring tools in detecting security threats? What
additional security measures could be implemented?
3. Troubleshooting:
• How did monitoring data help in troubleshooting issues? What other tools or
methods can be used to diagnose network problems?

Lab Report (To Be Submitted):

1. Network Monitoring Setup:
• Include screenshots of your monitoring dashboards and alerts.
2. Performance Analysis:
• Discuss