A Micro Project Report on

SMART GARBAGE COLLECTOR

Submitted to the CMR Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the Laboratory of

“IOT AND CLOUD COMPUTING LAB”

of

III-B.Tech II-Semester in

“ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING"

Submitted by

B. Sanjay (22R01A0471)

B. Yuneeth Varma (22R01A0472)

B. Niharika (22R01A0474)

Under the Guidance

Mr. S. Gopala Krishna

(Assistant Professor, Department of ECE)

CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(UGC AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)

Kandlakoya, Medchal road, Hyderabad.

2024-2025
 CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(UGC AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)

Kandlakoya, Medchal road, Hyderabad.

“ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING"

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a Micro Project entitled with " SMART

GARBAGE COLLECTOR" is being
Submitted by

B. Sanjay (22R01A0471)

B. Yuneeth Varma (22R01A0472)

B. Niharika (22R01A0474)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the completion of the “IOT AND CLOUD
COMPUTING LAB” III- B. Tech II- Semester towards a record of a bonafide work carried out
under our guidance and supervision.

Signature of Faculty Signature of HOD

Mr. S. Gopala Krishna Dr.K.Niranjan Reddy
(Assistant Professor) (Head of the department)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to Dr. M. Janga Reddy, Director, Dr. G. Madhusudhana Rao,
Principal and Mr. K. Niranjan Reddy, Head of Department, Dept of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology for their inspiration and valuable
guidance during entire duration.

We are extremely thankful to our IOT And Cloud Computing Laboratory faculty-in-charge,
Mr. S. Gopala Krishna, Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR
Institute of Technology for her constant guidance, encouragement and moral support throughout
the project.

We express our thanks all staff members and friends for all the help and coordination extended in
bringing out this micro project successfully in time.

Finally, we are very much thankful to our parents and relatives who guided directly or indirectly for
successful completion of the project.

B. Sanjay (22R01A0471)

B. Yuneeth Varma (22R01A0472)

B. Niharika (22R01A0474)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No CONTENTS Page. No

1 ABSTRACT 1

2 INTRODUCTION 2

3 REQUIREMENTS 3-4

4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5

5 PROCEDURE 6-9

6 SOURCE CODE 10 - 11

7 RESULT 12

8 CONCLUSION 13

9 REFERENCES 14
 Smart Garbage Collector

ABSTRACT
In the era of rapidly evolving urbanization and the concept of smart cities, efficient waste management has
become a crucial challenge. Traditional waste management systems often fail to prevent garbage from spilling
over, leading to unsightly and unsanitary conditions around dustbins. These conditions foster the breeding of
disease-spreading insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and ants, while also contributing to increased air pollution
due to decomposing waste. Such environmental issues pose significant health risks, including the spread of
bacteria and viruses that can lead to life-threatening diseases. To address these problems, the concept of a
Smart Garbage Collector is proposed, leveraging advanced sensors and automation to optimize waste
management and promote a cleaner, healthier environment.

The Smart Garbage Collector is designed to enhance the functionality of traditional dustbins through the
integration of ultrasonic sensors, PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors, servomotors, and LED indicators. The
ultrasonic sensor is responsible for detecting the distance to waste inside the bin, enabling real-time
monitoring of the fill level. The PIR sensor further aids in determining the overall waste level, providing
accurate data for timely action. A servomotor controls the opening and closing of the dustbin lid, ensuring a
hygienic and hands-free disposal process. Additionally, an LED display visually signals the fill level of the
dustbin, with different colors indicating varying levels of fullness. This system is particularly beneficial for
deployment in smart buildings, hospitals, colleges, and bus stands, where it helps prevent garbage overflow,
minimizes human intervention, and significantly improves hygiene and sanitation. By automating waste
collection processes, the Smart Garbage Collector contributes to reducing pollution and the spread of
infectious diseases, aligning with the goals of sustainable urban development and creating smarter, cleaner
cities.

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INTRODUCTION

As urbanization continues to accelerate, one of the most pressing challenges faced by cities worldwide is the
management of solid waste. In many places, particularly in urban areas like India, garbage bins often
overflow, spilling waste into the streets and creating unsanitary conditions. This not only affects the aesthetic
appeal of cities but also contributes significantly to the spread of diseases, as exposed garbage becomes a
breeding ground for insects, mosquitoes, and other harmful pests. The growing issue of improper waste
management poses a significant health risk and environmental concern, urging the need for an efficient
solution. As the world moves towards smarter cities, the concept of Smart Garbage Collection has gained
prominence, offering a solution that merges technology with environmental responsibility to enhance waste
management systems.
The Smart Garbage Collector project aims to address these pressing issues by upgrading traditional waste
management systems with advanced technology. Through the integration of sensors and smart devices like
Arduino, the dustbins are transformed into smart systems capable of detecting waste levels and responding
accordingly. The dustbin lid opens automatically when an object, such as waste, comes within a certain range,
and the lid closes after a set period. This ensures cleanliness, reduces human contact with garbage, and helps
maintain hygiene in public spaces. The system also has the capability to alert municipal authorities once a
dustbin reaches its threshold, enabling timely waste collection and preventing overflow. With the vision of
building Smart Cities, such solutions play a crucial role in improving urban sanitation and promoting
sustainable living, ensuring cleaner, greener environments for all.
By automating the waste disposal process and reducing the environmental impact of overflowing garbage,
this project not only addresses hygiene concerns but also contributes to the larger goal of smart city
development. The Smart Garbage Collector system is an essential step toward a more efficient, sustainable,
and health-conscious approach to waste management, ensuring that cities remain clean, safe, and resilient to
the challenges of rapid urban growth.

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REQUIREMENTS

Hardware Requirements
1. Arduino Uno (Microcontroller Board):
o Acts as the brain of the project.
o Controls all sensors and actuators.
o Processes sensor data and sends control signals.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor (e.g., HC-SR04):
o Measures the distance between the garbage and the lid.
o Helps determine how full the dustbin is.
3. PIR Sensor (Passive Infrared Sensor):
o Detects human motion near the dustbin.
o Can be used to trigger the lid to open when someone approaches.
4. Servo Motor (e.g., SG90):
o Used to automatically open and close the dustbin lid.
o Controlled by Arduino based on input from sensors.
5. GSM Module (e.g., SIM800L):
o Sends SMS alerts or notifications to the municipal department when the
dustbin is full.
o Enables remote monitoring.
6. LED Indicators:
o Show the level of garbage in the dustbin (e.g., green for empty, yellow
for half-full, red for full).
o Provide visual feedback.
7. Power Supply (Battery or Adapter):
o Required to power the Arduino and other components.
o Ensure stable voltage and current.
8. Jumper Wires and Breadboard/PCB:
o For making connections between components.
o Breadboard for prototyping; PCB for final setup.

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9. Dustbin Container (Model/Prototype):

o Physical container for garbage.
o Integrated with sensors and actuators.

Software Requirements
1. Arduino IDE:
o Used for writing, compiling, and uploading code to the Arduino Uno.
o Supports libraries for sensors and GSM modules.
2. Embedded C/C++ Programming Language:
o Language used for writing the Arduino sketches (code).
o Includes sensor logic, condition checking, and motor control.
3. GSM Library for Arduino:
o Used to program and manage the GSM communication.
o Enables sending SMS alerts.
4. Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor Libraries:
o Include NewPing, Servo.h etc., for easy interfacing and control.
5. Simulation Software (Optional – Proteus/ Tinkercad):
o For simulating circuit design and testing code before actual
implementation.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

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PROCEDURE

1. Hardware Setup
1.1 Wiring and Connections

 Connect the Arduino Uno to your breadboard and ensure all components are
properly connected.

o Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04):

 VCC to 5V pin on Arduino.

 GND to GND pin on Arduino.

 TRIG pin to D6 pin on Arduino.

 ECHO pin to D7 pin on Arduino.

o Servo Motor (SG90):

 VCC to 5V pin on Arduino.

 GND to GND pin on Arduino.

 Control Pin to D8 pin on Arduino.

o GSM Module (SIM800L) (optional, if used for sending SMS alerts):

 VCC to 5V pin on Arduino.

 GND to GND pin on Arduino.

 TX and RX pins connected to appropriate pins on Arduino (usually

D2, D3 for communication).
1.2 Check Connections

 Verify all connections are correct, including the power supply and ground
(GND) connections, as improper connections can prevent the system from
functioning correctly.

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2. Upload Code to Arduino

2.1 Prepare Code

 Open Arduino IDE on your computer.

 Write the code that integrates the ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and optional
GSM module. (As per your code, ensure the appropriate pins are defined for
your hardware setup.)

 Compile and upload the code to the Arduino Uno.

2.2 Code Explanation

 The Arduino continuously monitors the ultrasonic sensor to check for objects.

 When an object (such as a hand or waste) is detected within a predefined range

(less than the threshold distance), the servo motor is activated to open the
dustbin lid.

 After a predefined duration (e.g., 3 seconds), the servo motor will close the lid.

 Once the dustbin reaches a threshold fill level (or object is detected for a certain
time), an SMS alert can be sent to the concerned authorities using the GSM
module.
3. Power Up the System
3.1 Supply Power

 Connect the power supply (USB or external adapter) to the Arduino Uno to
power the entire system.

 Ensure the components (ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and GSM module) are
receiving proper voltage (usually 5V).
4. System Initialization
4.1 Start the System

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 Power on the system, and Arduino will begin initializing the sensors and the
servo motor.

 The Arduino will start monitoring for objects coming near the ultrasonic
sensor.

 The system should display an initial message, such as "Dustbin Closed," on the
serial monitor in Arduino IDE.
5. Operation of Smart Garbage Collector
5.1 Object Detection by Ultrasonic Sensor

 The Ultrasonic Sensor continuously measures the distance to the nearest

object.

 If an object comes closer than the predefined threshold distance (e.g., 10 cm),
the Arduino will trigger the servo motor to open the dustbin lid.
5.2 Activation of Servo Motor

 Once the distance is below the threshold, the servo motor is activated to open
the lid. The lid will remain open for a specified time (e.g., 3 seconds) before
automatically closing.

 The system should print on the serial monitor: "Dustbin Opened" and then
"Dustbin Closed" after the lid closes.
5.3 Threshold Detection for SMS Notification (Optional)

 Once the waste level inside the bin reaches a certain threshold (either by
distance measurement or another sensor), the GSM module will send an SMS
alert to the concerned authorities or maintenance personnel.

o The message might say: "The dustbin is full, please empty it."
5.4 Continuous Monitoring
The Arduino continues to monitor for new objects or waste in the bin and repeat the
process of opening and closing the lid as necessary. It also continues to check the

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 waste level for SMS alerts.

6. Troubleshooting and Maintenance
6.1 Check Connections

 If the system is not functioning correctly, first check all wiring connections
again to ensure there are no loose or incorrect connections.
6.2 Test Sensors

 Test the ultrasonic sensor by printing the distance value on the serial monitor.
Ensure that the sensor correctly detects objects within the defined range.

 Check the servo motor's operation to make sure it responds correctly to the
control signals from the Arduino.
6.3 SMS Functionality

 If the GSM module is not sending SMS, verify the SIM card, network
coverage, and the connections to the Arduino. Ensure that the SIM card has
sufficient balance for sending messages.
7. Final Testing

 Test the entire system to ensure the dustbin lid opens and closes automatically
when an object is detected, and SMS notifications are sent once the bin reaches
the threshold fill level.

 Once the system operates smoothly, the Smart Garbage Collector will be
ready for deployment in smart buildings, hospitals, colleges, or public spaces.

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SOURCE CODE

#include <Servo.h> //servo library

Servo servo;
int trigPin = 5;
int echoPin = 6;
int servoPin = 7;
int led= 10;
long duration, dist, average;
long aver[3]; //array for average
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
servo.attach(servoPin);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
servo.write(0); //close cap on power on
delay(100);
servo.detach();
}
void measure() {
digitalWrite(10,HIGH);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(5);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(15);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
dist = (duration/2) / 29.1; //obtain distance

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}
void loop() {
for (int i=0;i<=2;i++) { //average distance
measure();
aver[i]=dist;
delay(10); //delay between measurements
}
dist=(aver[0]+aver[1]+aver[2])/3;

if ( dist<50 ) {
//Change distance as per your need
servo.attach(servoPin);
delay(1);
servo.write(100);
delay(3000);
servo.write(190);
delay(1000);
servo.detach();
}
Serial.print(dist);
}

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RESULT
The Smart Garbage Collector system successfully integrates various sensors and components to
automate waste management. The system operates efficiently by opening the dustbin lid when motion is
detected, providing a user-friendly and hygienic method for waste disposal. The Servo Motor activates the
dustbin lid when the Ultrasonic Sensor detects nearby objects (such as a hand or waste), based on a
predefined threshold distance. This feature ensures that the dustbin is accessible for waste disposal without
any manual effort.
The Ultrasonic Sensor continually measures the level of waste inside the dustbin. It sends real-time data
to the Arduino, which calculates the current waste level by measuring the distance to the top of the
garbage. As the waste fills up the dustbin, the sensor updates the system about the current status of the
waste.
Once the waste level exceeds a certain threshold, indicating that the dustbin is full, the system triggers the
GSM Module to send a notification to the municipal authorities. This SMS alert ensures that the
concerned parties are promptly informed about the full dustbin, facilitating timely waste collection. The
system thus enables more efficient waste management by automating waste level monitoring and
providing real-time alerts, which can greatly improve the cleanliness and maintenance of urban areas.

OUTPUT

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CONCLUSION

The Smart Garbage Collector marks a significant evolution in waste management, combining
intelligent monitoring and automation to ensure a cleaner, healthier environment. By integrating
sensors, Arduino, and other smart technologies, the system enhances the functionality of traditional
dustbins. The automatic opening and closing of the dustbin lid, triggered by motion detection, ensures
ease of waste disposal while maintaining hygiene. This system not only improves cleanliness but also
contributes to public health by reducing the risk of disease caused by exposed garbage.
For society at large, the Smart Garbage Collector offers a practical solution for waste management,
benefiting everyone from everyday citizens to municipal authorities. The system’s ability to detect
waste levels and notify the relevant authorities through SMS alerts ensures timely waste collection,
preventing overflow and promoting cleanliness. This innovation plays a crucial role in building smarter,
more sustainable cities, improving urban hygiene, and making waste management more efficient and
accessible for all.

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REFERENCES
[1] Meghana K C, Dr. K R Nataraj. IoT Based Intelligent Bin for Smart Cities

[2] Kasliwal Manasi H., Suryawanshi Smitkumar B. A Novel Approach to Garbage ManagementUsing
Internet of Things for Smart Cities

[3] Vishesh Kumar Kurrel. Smart Garbage Collection Bin Overflows Indicator using Internet ofThings

[4] Monika K A, Nikitha Rao, Prapulla S B, Shobha G. Smart Dustbin - An Efficient

GarbageMonitoring System.

[5] S. S. Navghane, M. S. Killedar, Dr. V. M. Rohokale. IoT Based Garbage and Waste CollectionBin,
May 2016

[6] Ghose, M. K., Dikshit, A. K., Sharma, S. K. A GIS based transportation model for solid
wastedisposal – A case study on Asansol municipality. Journal of Waste Management

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