NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

Questions
1 2 3 −2 1 3
1. Evaluate : −2 3 2  3 −2 1 .
3 4 −4 2 1 −2

tan e2
sin  log 2 4 4
2. Let 1 = and  2 = , such that 1 2 = 2k , then the value of k is
cos  0 
0 cot
4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) -1

1 4 0 0 2 −6
3. If A = 2 0 3 and B = 5 4 1 such that AB = C, then sum of all elements of C is
5 1 2 −9 5 0
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) -2 (d) 1

a11 + b11 a1 2 + b1 2 a1 3 + b13

4. Prove that : a21 + b2 1 a2 2 + b2  2a2 2 + b2  2 = 0
a31 + b3 1 a3 2 + b3  2 a3 2 + b3  2
HINT: Try to write it as product of two determinants.

x x2 x3
5. If f ( x) = 1 2 x 3 x 2 , then f '(1) is equal to _____.
0 2 6x
x −1 5x 7
6. If x − 1 x − 1 8 = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d , then find ( c + d .)
2

2x 3x 0
cos( +  ) − sin( +  ) cos 2
7. The determinant sin  cos  sin  is independent of
− cos  sin  cos 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) None of these

sin x cos x sin x

8. If f ( x) = cos x − sin x cos x , then the value of 2 f '(0) + ( f '(1) ) is equal to ______.
2

x 1 1
x3 sin x cos x
d3
9. If f ( x) = 6 −1 0 , then 3 ( f ( x)) at x = 0 is
dx
p p2 p3
(a) p (b) p + p3 (c) p + p2 (d) independent of p

10. If the value of a third-order determinant is 11, then the value of the square of the determinant
formed by the cofactors will be ______.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

a2 + x2 ab − cx ac + bx −b
2
x c
11. Show that ab + cx b 2 + x 2 bc − ax = − −c x a .
ac − bx bc + ax c 2 + x 2 b −1 x

y5 z 6 ( z3 − y3 ) x 4 z 6 ( x3 − z 3 ) x 4 y 5 ( y 3 − x3 ) x y2 z3
12. If 1 = y 2 z 3 ( y 6 − z 6 ) xz 3 ( z 6 − y 6 ) xy 2 ( x 6 − y 6 ) and  2 = x 4 y5 z 6 , then 1 2 is
y 2 z3 ( z3 − y3 ) xz 3 ( z 3 − y 3 ) xy 2 ( y 3 − x3 ) x7 y8 z9
equal to
(a)  32 (b)  22 (c)  42 (d) None of these

13. Solve the following system of equation by Cramer’s rule : 2 x − y − 17 ; 3x + 5 y = 6 .

14. Solve using Cramer’s rule : 5 x − 7 y + z = 11 ; 6 x − 8 y − z = 15 ; 3x + 2 y − 6 z = 7 .

15. Solve the following system of linear equations :

2 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 10 z 2 = 4 ; 4 x 2 − 6 y 2 + 5 z 2 = 1 ; 6 x 2 + 9 y 2 − 20 z 2 = 2

16. Solve the following system of equations by Cramer’s rule:

2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+ + = 4, − + = 1 and + − = 2.
x y z x y z x y z

17. If f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c is a quadratic function such that f (1) = 8, f ( 2 ) = 11 and f ( −3) = 6. Then

value of f ( 0 ) is:
(a) -6 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 0

18. The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply the third number 2 and add the first number to
the result, we get 7. By adding second and third numbers to three times the first number we get
12. Then the numbers are
(a) -3, -1 and -2 (b) 3, -1 and 2 (c) 3, 1 and -2 (d) 3, 1 and 2
19. Find the number of solutions of the following system of linear equations :
x + y + z = 2 ; 2 x + y − z = 3 ; 3x + 2 y + 4 z = 4

20. Find the number of solutions of the following system of linear equations:
x + y + z = 2 ; x + 2 y + 3z = 5 ; 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 11

21. Consider the following system of equations: x + y + z = 6 ; 2 x + 5 y + az = b ; x + 2 y + 3z = 14 .

The given system of equations is consistent for
(a) a = −8 and b = −36 (b) a  8 and b  R
(c) a = 8 and b = 36 (d) b and c both
22. The system of linear equations : x + y + z = 2, 2 x + y − z = 3, 3x + 2 y + kz = 4 has a unique
solution, if
(a) k  0 (b) −1  k  1 (c) −2  k  2 (d) k = 0

23. The system of equations: kx + y + z = 1 ; x + ky + z = k ; x + y + kz = k 2 has no solution, if k equals

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) -2
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

24. The system of simultaneous equations : kx + 2 y − z = 1 ; ( k − 1) y − 2 z = 2 ; ( k + 2 ) z = 3 have a

unique solution if k equals
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) -2

25. Let a,b,c be positive real number. The following system of equations in x,y and z
x2 y 2 z 2 x2 y 2 z 2 x2 y 2 z 2
+ − = 1, 2 − 2 + 2 = 1, − 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 has
a 2 b2 c2 a b c a b c
(a) no solution (b) unique solution
(c) infinitely many solutions (d) finitely many solutions

26. Let S be the set of all   R for which the system of linear equations:
2 x − y + 2 z = 2 ; x − 2 y +  z = −4 ; x +  y + z = 4 has no solution. Then the set S
(a) is an empty set (b) is a singleton set
(c) contains exactly two elements (d) contains more than 2 elements
27. For real numbers ⍺ and β, consider the following system of linear equations: x + y - z = 2,
x + 2y + ⍺z = 1, 2x - y + z = β. If the system has infinite solutions, then ⍺ + β is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 4
28. If the system of equations x + y + z = 5 ; x + 2 y + 3z = 9 ; x + 3 y +  z =  has infinitely many
solutions, then  −  equals _____.
29. Solve the following system of homogeneous equations:
3x - 4y + 5z = 0 ; x + y - 2z = 0 ; 2x + 3y + z = 4

30. The value of λ, for which the homogeneous system of equations 2x + 3y - 2z = 0, 2x - y + 3z = 0,

7x + λy - z = 0 has infinitely many solutions:
52 52 57 57
(a) − (b) (c) (d) −
7 7 10 10
31. The system of equations x − y cos  + z cos 2 = 0, x cos 2 − y + z cos  = 0, x cos 2 − ycos  + z = 0
has non-trivial solution for  equal to
  2 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 6 3 12
32. If the system of equations x + ay + az = 0 ; bx + y + bz = 0 ; cx + cy + z = 0 , where a,b and c are
a b c
non-zero non-unity, has non-trivial solution, then the value of + + is
1− a 1− b 1− c
abc
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) -1
a + b2 + c 2
2

33. If a  b, then the system of equation ax + by + bz = 0 ; bx + ay + bz = 0 ; bx + by + az = 0 will

have a non-trivial solution, if
(a) a + b = 0 (b) a + 2b = 0 (c) 2a + b = 0 (d) a + 4b = 0

34. Find the area of the triangle (in sq. units) with vertices at the point given in each of the
following: (–2, –3), (3, 2), (–1, –8).
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

35. If the points ( 2, −3)(  , −1) and ( 0, 4 ) are collinear, then the value of  is:

7 10
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) None of these
10 7
36. Show that points A(a, b + c), B(b, c + a), C(c, a + b) are collinear.

37. If the points ( a1 , b1 )( a2 , b2 ) and ( a1 + a2 , b1 + b2 ) are collinear, then

(a) a1b2 = a2b1 (b) a1b2 = −a2b1 (c) a1a2 = b2b1 (d) a1a2 = −b2b1

38. Let A(1, 3), B(0, 0) and C(k, 0) be three vertices of triangle with area 3 sq. units. Then the value
of k is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 6
39. If the lines px + qy + r = 0, qx + ry + p = 0 and rx + py + q = 0 are concurrent, then prove that
p + q + r = 0.

40. If the lines ax + y + 1 = 0, x + by +1 = 0 and x + y + c = 0 (a, b, c being distinct and different

1 1 1
from 1) are concurrent, then prove that + + =1.
1− a 1− b 1− c
 x + 3 2 y + x  0 −7 
41. If  =  , then value of x + y + z + a is:
 z − 1 4a − 6   3 2 a 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

 a + b 2  6 2 
42. If  =
ab  5 8 
, find the values of a and b.
 5
(a) a = 2 and b = 2 or a = 1 and b = 1 (b) a = 2 and b = 4 or a = 4 and b = 2
(c) a = 3 and b = −3 or a = −3 and b = 3 (d) a = 0 and b = 1 or a = 0 and b = −1

 cos sin    sin  − cos 

43. cos   + sin   =?
 − sin  cos  cos sin  
1 0  1 0   −1 0 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) None of these
0 1  0 −1  0 1

7 0  3 0
44. Find X and Y , if , X + Y =   and X − Y = 0 3
 2 5  
2 0 5 0  5 0   −2 0 
(a) X =   and Y =   (b) X =   and Y =  
1 1 1 4  1 −4  1 1
5 0 2 0
(c) X =   and Y =   (d) None of these
1 4 1 1 

1 −1 a 1 
45. If A =  ,B =  and ( A + B ) = A2 + B 2 , find a and b.
2
 
 2 −1  b −1
(a) a = −1, b = −4 (b) a = 1, b = −4 (c) a = −1, b = 4 (d) a = 1, b = 4
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

 0 1 0
46. If A =   and B =   , find the values of  for which A2 = B.
1 1 5 1 
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 4 (d) None of these

1 a  1
47. If A =   , then lim An (where n  N ) equals
0 1  n → n
0 a  0 0 0 1  1 a 
(a)   (b) 0 0 (c) 0 0 (d)  
0 0      0 1 
3 1
48. If A =  , then value A2 − 5 A + 8I 2 is:
 −1 2
 3 1  −3 1   3 −1 1 0 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −1 2   −1 −2   −1 2  0 1 

1 0 a b 
49. If A =   and A2012 =   , then which of the following is Incorrect?
2 1 c d 
(a) a = d (b) a + b + c + d = 4026
(c) a 2 + b2 + d 2 = 2 (d) b = 2012

1 2 3   2 
  
50. Find the value of x for which  −1 x 2 5 1 2  1  = O, where O is zero matrix of order 11.
0 3 1  0 

 2 0 7   − x 14 x 7 x 
51. Find the value of x for which  0 1 0   0 1 0  equals an identity matrix.
 
1 −2 1   x −4 x −2 x 

cos x − sin x 0 
52. If F ( x ) =  sin x cos x 0  , then F ( x ) F ( y ) is equal to
 
 0 0 1 
(a) F ( xy ) (b) F ( x − y ) (c) F ( x + y ) (d) None of these

 cos  sin  
53. If f ( ) =   and if  ,  ,  are the angles of a triangle, then f ( ). f (  ). f ( ) is
 − sin  cos  
equal to:
(a) I2 (b) -I2 (c) O (d) None of these

54. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = I , then ( A − I ) + ( A + I ) − 7 A is equal to

3 3

(a) A (b) I – A (c) I + A (d) 3A

55. If A2 = A, then (I + A)4 is equal to
(a) I + 15A (b) I + 7A (c) I + 15A (d) I + 11A

56. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A, then A2 + B 2 = ?

2AB (b) 2BA (c) A + B (d) AB
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

1 1 1
1 
57. Let  be a root of the equation x + x + 1 = 0 and the matrix A =
2
 1   2  , then the
3
1  2  4 
matrix A31 is equal to
(a) A (b) A2 (c) A3 (d) I
58. If A is a non-null diagonal matrix of order 3 such that A4 = A2, then the possible number of
matrices A are
(a) 27 (b) 26 (c) 8 (d) 7
59. If A, B and C are n  n matrices and det ( A) = 2, det ( B ) = 3 and det ( C ) = 5 , then the value of
the det ( A2 BC −1 ) is equal to
6 12 18 24
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
3 −4
60. If A =   , then det ( A ) is equal to _____.
2005

1 −1
 3 −2 
61. If A =   , then the value of −3 A2019 + A2020 is equal to
7 −5
(a) -14 (b) 28 (c) 14 (d) 22019.14
 2 −1
62. Let I be an identity matrix of order 2 x 2 and P =   . Then the value of n  N for which
5 −3
P n = 5I − 8P is equal to ________.
63. Let P and Q be 3 x 3 matrices, P ≠ Q. If P3 = Q3 and P2Q = Q2P, then determinant of (P2 + Q2)
is equal to:
(a) -2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) -1

0 2 y z 
64. Let A =  x y − z  such that AT A = I . Find the value of x 2 + y 2 + z 2 .
 x − y z 

cos  − sin  
65. If A =   , then which of the following values of  satisfies the equation AT + A = I 2
 sin  cos  
  
(a) 2n  ,n Z (b) 2n  ,n Z (c) 2n  ,n Z (d) None of these
3 6 4

66. Let A =  aij  33 . For every column matrix X, if XT.A.X = O, where O1×1 is a null matrix, and
a23 = −2009 then a32 = _____.

67. If A is symmetric as well as skew symmetric matrix, then –

(a) A is a diagonal matrix (b) A is a null matrix
(c) A is a unit matrix (d) A is a triangular matrix
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

0 5 −7 

68. The matrix −5 0 11  is
 
 7 −11 0 
(a) A diagonal matrix (b) An upper triangular matrix
(c) A symmetric matrix (d) A skew-symmetric matrix

69. If A,B are symmetric matrices of the same order then show that AB - BA is skew symmetric matrix.

 3 2 3
70. Express the matrix A =  4 5 3 as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
 2 4 5
71. If A and B are matrices of same order, then (AB’ – BA’) is a
(a) skew symmetric matrix (b) null matrix
(c) symmetric matrix (d) Unit Matrix

72. If A =  aij  mn , aij = (i 2 + j 2 − ij )( j − i ) and n is odd, then which of the following is NOT the
value of Tr(A)?
(a) 0 (b) |A| (c) |2A| (d) None of these

73. Let A be set of 3 x 3 matrices formed by entries 0, -1, and 1 only. Also, each of 1, -1, 0 occurs
exactly three times in each matrix. The number of symmetric matrices with trace(A) = 0 is k,
k
then the value of is _____.
6
74. A, B, C are three matrices of the same order such that any two are symmetric and third one is
skew-symmetric. If X = ABC + CBA and Y = ABC - CBA, then (XY)T is
(a) Symmetric (b) skew-symmetric (c) I - XY (d) -YX
 3 a −1  d 3 a 
  
75. Let A =  2 5 c  is symmetric and B = b − a e −2b − c  is skew-symmetric, then find AB.
b 8 2   −2 6 − f 
Also, state whether AB is symmetric or skew symmetric.

76. Let A and B be 3 x 3 matrices of real numbers, where A is symmetric, B is skew symmetric and
( A + B)( A − B) = ( A − B)( A + B) . If ( AB)t = (−1) k AB , where ( AB )t is the transpose of matrix AB,
then the value of k is (multiple correct)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

77. For 3 x 3 matrices M and N, which of the following statement (s) is (are) not correct ?
(a) NTMN is symmetric or skew-symmetric, according as M is symmetric or skew-symmetric
(b) MN – NM is skew-symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N
(c) MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N
(d) None of these
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

78. If A is idempotent matrix and A + B = I , then B is

(a) Nilpotent matrix (b) Idempotent matrix
(c) Involuntary matrix (d) Orthogonal matrix

1 a 2 
79. If  3 0 1  is a singular matrix, then find the value of a.
 2 1 −1

80. If A is an idempotent matrix then (I + A)n =

(a) I + (2n – 3)A (b) I + (2n – 1)A (c) I + 2nA (d) I + 3A

0   
81. Find number of possible triplets ( ,  ,  ) , if A =  2   −   is an orthogonal matrix.
  −  

 3 1 
  1 1
82. If P =  2 2 
, A= , Q = PAPT , then PT Q 2015 P is:
 1 3 0 1
− 
 2 2 
0 2015  2015 1   2015 0  1 2015
(a) 
0   0 2015
(c) 
2015
(d) 
1 
(b)
0   1 0

 1 3 
 10 10  1 −1 a b 
83. Let A =   and B =   , where i = −1. If M = ATBA, then AM 2023AT =   .
 −3 1  0 1  c d 
 10 
 10

Find the value of b + (a + c + d ) 2 .

NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

Answer Key
1. – 1725 2. (a) 3. (c)
5. 6 6. 17 7. (a) 8. 3
9. (d) 10. 14641 12. (a) 13. x = 7, y = −3

1 1 1
14. x = 1, y = -1, z = -1 15. x =  ,y= ,z =  16. x = 2, y = 3, z = 5
2 3 5

17. (b) 18. (d) 19. Unique Solution 20. No Solution

21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (c)
25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. 8
29. x = y = z = 0 30. (c) 31. (c) 32. (d)

33. (b) 34. 15 sq. units 35. (c) 37. (a)

38. (a) 41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a)
44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (d) 47. (a)

2 1
48. (d) 49. (d) 50. − 51.
11 5
52. (c) 53. (b) 54. (a) 55. (c)
56. (c) 57. (c) 58. (b) 59. (b)
60. 1 61. (a) 62. 6 63. C
64. 1 65. (a) 66. 0 67. (b)
68. (d) 71. (a) 72. (a) 73. 6

 −4 3 −6 
74. (d) 75. AB =  −31 54 −26  , Neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric
 −28 9 −50 
76. (b, d) 77. (c) 78. (b) 79. 1
80. (b) 81. 8 82. (d) 83. 2019
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

Solutions
1.
1 2 3 −2 1 3
Let  = −2 3 2  3 −2 1
3 4 −4 2 1 −2
on multiplying row-by-row
−2 + 2 + 9 3− 4+3 2+2−6 9 2 −2
 = 4+3+ 6 −6 − 6 + 2 −4 + 3 − 4 = 13 −10 −5
−6 + 4 − 12 9 −8− 4 6+ 4+8 −14 −3 18
7 0 −2
 = 8 −15 −5  Applying C1 → C1 + C3 and C2 → C2 + C3 
4 15 18
7 0 −2
 = 12 0 13  Applying R2 → R2 + R3 
4 15 18
Expanding along C 2 , we get
 = − 15(91 + 24) = −15 115 = −1725

2.

tan e2
sin  log 2 4 4
1 2 =
cos  0 
0 cot
4
2
0 2 1 e
= = 2 1 = 2
−1 0 0 1
3.

4.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

5.
x x2 x3
f ( x) = 1 2 x 3 x 2
0 2 6x
1 2 x 3x 2 x x2 x3 x x2 x3
f '( x) = 1 2 x 3 x 2 + 0 2 6 x + 1 2 x 3x 2
0 2 6x 0 2 6x 0 0 6
= 0 + 0 + 6 ( 2 x2 − x2 ) = 6 x2
 f '(1) = 6

6.
x −1 5x 7
x − 1 x − 1 8 = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d
2

2x 3x 0
Put x = 0
−1 0 7
−1 −1 8 = d
0 0 0
d =0
For c , differentiate both sides w.r.t x (columnwise)
1 5x 7 x −1 5 7
2x x − 1 8 + x − 1 1 8 = 3a 2 + 2bx + c
2

2 3x 0 2x 3 0
Now, put x = 0
1 0 7 −1 5 7
 c = 0 −1 8 + −1 1 8 = 14 + 3 = 17
2 0 0 0 3 0

7.
When we differentiate it with respect to  (column-wise) , we get
− sin( +  ) − sin( +  ) cos 2 cos( +  ) − cos( +  ) cos 2 cos( +  ) − sin( +  ) 0
cos  cos  sin 2 + sin  − sin  sin  + sin  cos  0
sin  sin  cos  − cos  cos  cos  − cos  sin  0
=0+0+0=0
Thus, determinant is independent of 

8.
sin x cos x sin x
f ( x) = cos x − sin x cos x
x 1 1
Differentiating row-wise, we get
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

9.
3x 2 cos x − sin x
f '( x) = 6 −1 0 +0+0
2 3
p p p
6 x − sin x − cos x
f "( x) = 6 −1 0 +0+0
p p2 p3
6 − cos x sin x
f "'( x) = 6 −1 0 +0+0
p p2 p3
6 −1 0
f "'(0) = 6 −1 0 =0
2
p p p3
10.

11.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

12.

Here, we see that the given determinant 1 is obtained by corresponding cofactors of determinant  2
Hence, 1 = 22
1 2 =  22  2 = 32

13.
For the given system, we have
2 −1
= = 2  5 − (−1)  3 = 13  0
3 5
17 1
1 = = 85 + 6 = 91
6 5
2 17
and  2 = = 12 − 51 = −39
3 6
So, by Cramer's rule, we obtain
1 91  −39
x= = = 7 and y = 2 = = −3
 3  13
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

14.
Here,

15.
Let u = x 2 , v = y 2 , w = z 2
Thus, we have

16.
1 1 1
Let u = , v = , w =
x y z
Thus, we have
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

1 600 1
u = = =
 1200 2
1 1
 = x=2
x 2
 400 1
and v = 2 = =
 1200 3
1 1
 =  y=3
y 3
 240 1
and w = 3 = =
 1200 5
1 1
 =  z=5
z 5
17.
we have f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c
f (1) = 8  a + b + c = 8
f (2) = 11  4a + 2b + c = 11
and, f (−3) = 6  9a − 3b + c = 6
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

18.
Let the three numbers be x, y, and z, then according to the given conditions, we have
x+ y+z =6
x + 0 y + 2z = 7
3z + y + z = 12

19.

Since D  0, thus system has unique Solution

20.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

Here we can see that D = 0 and D x  0

Thus, the system is inconsistent with no solution

21.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

22.
1 1 1
 = 2 1 −1  0
3 2 k
 1( k + 2 ) − 1 ( 2 k + 3 ) + 1 ( 4 − 3 )  0
 k + 2 − 2k − 3 + 1  0
 −k  0
k  0

23.
k 1 1
 = 1 k 1 = k ( k 2 − 1) − 1( k − 1) + 1(1 − k )
1 1 k
 = k3 − k − k +1+1− k
= k 3 − 3k + 2
= ( k − 1) ( k + 2 )
2

1 1 1
1 = k k 1
2
k 1 k
= 1( k 2 − 1) − 1( k 2 − k 2 ) + 1( k − k 3 )
= k 2 −1− 0 + k − k 3
= −k 3 + k 2 + k − 1
= k 2 ( −k + 1) − 1( −k + 1)
= ( k 2 − 1) ( −k + 1)
For k = −2,  = 0 and 1  0.
So, for k = −2 given system of linear equation have no solution.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

24.
k 2 −1
 = 0 k −1 −2
0 0 k +2
= ( k + 2 ) ( k ( k − 1) − 0 )
= k ( k − 1)( k + 2 )
If given system of linear equation have a unique solution, then
0
 k ( k − 1)( k + 2 )  0
 k  0,1, −2

25.
1 1 1
−
a2 b2 c2
1 1 1
= 2 − 2
a b c2
1 1 1
− 2
a b2 c2

1 1 −1
1
= 2 2 2 1 −1 1
abc
−1 1 1

=
1
abc
(1( −1 − 1) − 1(1 + 1) − 1(1 − 1) )
2 2 2

1 4
= 2 2 2 ( −2 − 2 + 0 ) = − 2 2 2
abc abc

1 1
1 −
b2 c2 1 1 −1
1 1 1
1 = 1 − 2 = 2 2 1 −1 1
b c2 bc
1 1 1
1 1
1
b2 c2

=
1
bc
(1( −1 − 1) − 1(1 − 1) − 1(1 + 1) )
2 2

1 4
= 2 2 ( −2 − 0 − 2 ) = − 2 2
bc bc
4 4
Similarly,  2 = − , 3 = − 2 2
2 2
ac ab
Now using Cramer’s rule
1  
x2 = = a 2 , y 2 = 2 = b2 , z 2 = 2 = c 2
  
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

26.

27.
For infinite solutions
 = 1 =  2 =  3 = 0
1 1 −1
= 1 2  =0
2 −1 1
 1( 2 +  ) − 1(1 − 2 ) − 1( −1 − 4) = 0
 3 + 6 = 0
  = −2
1 2 −1
2 = 1 1 −2 = 0
2  1
1(1 + 2  ) − 2 (1 + 4 ) − (  − 2 ) = 0
 −7 = 0
 =7

28.
Given system of equations:
x + y + z = 5 ; x + 2 y + 3z = 9 ; x + 3 y +  z = 
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

29.
For the givenn system of equations
3 −4 5
D= 1 1 −2 = 3 (1 + 6 ) − ( −4 )(1 + 4 ) + 5 ( 3 − 2 )
2 3 1
= 3 ( 7 ) + 4 ( 5 ) + 5 (1) = 21 + 20 + 5 = 46  0
So, the given system of equations has only the trivial solution i.e., x = y = z = 0

30.
The given system of equations will have non-trivial solution, if D = 0
2 3 −2
 2 −1 3 = 0
7  −1
Expanding along R 3
 7 ( 9 − 2 ) −  ( 6 + 4 ) − 1( −2 − 6 ) = 0
 49 − 10 + 8 = 0
 10 = 57
57
 =
10
31.
1 − cos  cos 2
cos 2 −1 cos  = 0
cos 2 − cos  1
 1( −1 + cos 2  ) + cos  ( cos 2 − cos 2 cos  ) + cos 2 ( − cos 2 cos  + cos 2 ) = 0
 ( −1 + cos  )(1 + cos  ) − cos  cos 2 ( −1 + cos  ) − cos 2 2 ( −1 + cos  ) = 0
 ( −1 + cos  ) 1 + cos  − cos  cos 2 − cos 2 2  = 0
 ( cos  − 1) cos 2 2 + cos  cos 2 − cos  − 1 = 0

 ( cos  − 1) ( 2 cos 2  − 1) + cos  ( 2 cos 2  − 1) − cos  − 1 = 0

2

 
 ( cos  − 1)  4 cos  − 4 cos  + 1 + 2 cos  − cos  − cos  − 1 = 0
4 2 3

 ( cos  − 1)  4 cos 4  − 4 cos 2  + 2 cos3  − 2 cos   = 0

 ( cos  − 1) cos   4 cos3 + 2 cos 2  − 4 cos  − 2  = 0
 ( cos  − 1) cos  ( 2 cos  + 1) ( 2 cos 2  − 2 ) = 0
 2 ( cos  − 1) cos  ( 2 cos  + 1)( cos  + 1) = 0
2

 2 3 4
  = 0, , , , ,
2 3 2 3
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

32.
Given system of linear equations has a non-trivial solution. then
1 a a
b 1 b =0
c c 1
Applying C2 → C2 − C1 and C3 → C3 − C1
1 a −1 a −1
 b 1− b 0 =0
c 0 1− c
Expanding along R3
 c ( 0 − ( a − 1)(1 − b ) ) + (1 − c ) ( (1 − b ) − b ( a − 1) ) = 0
 c (1 − a )(1 − b ) + (1 − c )(1 − b ) + b (1 − a )(1 − c ) = 0
Dividing by (1 − a )(1 − b )(1 − c )
c 1 b
 + + =0
1− c 1− a 1− b
c 1 b
 + −1+ = −1
1− c 1− a 1− b
c 1−1+ a b
 + + = −1
1− c 1− a 1− b
a b c
 + + = −1
1− a 1− b 1− c
33.
If given system of equation has nontrivial solution, then
a b b
b a b =0
b b a
Applying R2 → R2 − R3
a b b
0 a −b b −a = 0
b b a
 a ( a 2 − ab − b 2 + ab ) + b ( b 2 − ab − ab + b 2 ) = 0
 a ( a 2 − b 2 ) + b ( 2b 2 − 2ab ) = 0
 a ( a − b )( a + b ) + 2b 2 ( b − a ) = 0
 ( a − b ) ( a 2 + ab − 2b 2 ) = 0
 ( a − b ) ( a 2 − b 2 + ab − b 2 ) = 0
 ( a − b ) ( ( a − b )( a + b ) + b ( a − b ) ) = 0
 (a − b) (a + b + b) = 0
2

 ( a − b ) ( a + 2b ) = 0
2

a  b  a −b  0
 a + 2b = 0
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

34.
−2 −3 1
1 1
 = 3 2 1 =  −2 ( 2 + 8) + 3 ( 3 + 1) + 1( −24 + 2 )
2 2
−1 −8 1
1 30
= −2 (10 ) + 3 ( 4 ) + 1( −22 ) = − = −15
2 2
Hence, the area of the triangle is |-15| = 15 square units.

35.
If the given points are collinear, then
2 −3 1
 −1 1 = 0
0 4 1
 2 ( −1 − 4 ) + 3 (  − 0 ) + 1( 4 − 0 ) = 0
 −10 + 3 + 4 = 0
 7 = 10
10
 =
7
36.
a b+c 1
1
Area of ABC is given by  = b c + a 1
2
c a+b 1
a b+c 1
1
= b−a a −b 0 ( Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1 )
2
c−a a−c 0
a b+c 1
1
= ( a − b )( c − a ) −1 1 0
2
1 −1 0
a b+c 1
1
= ( a − b )( c − a ) −1 1 0 ( Applying R3 → R3 + R2 )
2
0 0 0
= 0 (All elements of R3 are 0)
Thus, the area of the triangle formed by points A, B, and C is zero.
Hence, the points A, B, and C are collinear.
37.
If given points are collinear, then
a1 b1 1
a2 b2 1 =0
a1 + a2 b1 + b2 1
a1 b1 1
 a2 − a1 b2 − b1 0 = 0  Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R 3 → R3 − R1 
a2 b2 0
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

 b2 (a2 − a1 ) − a2 (b2 − b1 ) = 0
 a2b2 − b2 a1 − a2b2 + a2b1 = 0
 a2b1 − b2 a1 = 0
 a1b2 = a2b1

38.

39.
For concurrency of three lines px + qy + r = 0 ; qx + ry + p = 0 ; rx + py + q = 0
p q r
We must have q r p =0
r p q
or 3 pqr − p − q − r = 0
3 3 3

or ( p + q + r ) ( p 2 + q 2 + r 2 − pq − pr − rq ) = 0
or p + q + r = 0 ( p  q  r)

40.
a 1 1
If the given lines are concurrent, then 1 b 1 = 0
1 1 c
a 1− a 1− a
or 1 b − 1 0 = 0 [ApplyingC2 → C2 − C1 and C3 → C3 − C1 ]
1 0 c −1
 a ( b − 1)( c − 1) − ( c − 1)(1 − a ) − ( b − 1)(1 − a ) = 0


a
+
1
1− a 1− b 1− c
+
1
=0 ( Dividing by (1 − a )(1 − b )(1 − c ) )
1 1 1
 + + =1
1− a 1− b 1− c
41.
 x + 3 2 y + x  0 −7 
Given:  = 
 z − 1 4a − 6   3 2 a 
 x + 3 = 0, 2 y + x = −7
and z − 1 = 3, 4a − 6 = 2a
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

 x = −3, z = 4, y = −0, a = 3
So, x + y + z + a = −3 + 4 − 2 + 3 = 2
42.

43.
 cos  sin    sin  − cos  
cos    + sin   
 − sin  cos   cos  sin  
 cos 2  sin  cos    sin 2  − sin  cos  
= + 
 − sin  cos  cos   sin  cos  sin 2  
2

 cos 2  + sin 2  sin  cos  − sin  cos   1 0 

= = 
 − sin  cos  + sin  cos  cos 2  + sin 2   0 1 

44.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

45.

46.

47.
1 a
A=
0 1 
1 a  1 a  1 2a 
A2 =  =
0 1  0
1  0 1 
1 2a   1 a  1 3a 
A3 =  =
0 1  0
1  0 1 
1 na 
Similarly; An =  
0 1 
1 1 1 na 
Now; lim An = lim 
n → n n → n 0
 1 
1/ n a 
= lim 
n→
 0 1/ n 
0 a 
= 
0 0 
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

48.
 3 1   3 1   9 − 1 3 + 2   8 5
A2 =   = = 
 −1 2  −1 2  −3 − 2 −1 + 4  −5 3
15 5 
5A =  
 −5 10 
 8 5 15 5  8 0 
 A2 − 5 A + 8 I 2 =  − + 
 −5 3  −5 10  0 8 
 8 − 15 + 8 5 − 5 + 0  1 0 
= = 
 −5 + 5 + 0 3 − 10 + 8 0 1 

49.
1 0  1 0  1 0 
A2 =   = 
2 1 2 1 4 1
 1 0
Hence, An =  
 2n 1 

50.
1 2 3   2 
Given,  −1 x 2 5 1 2  1  = 0
  
0 3 1   0 
2
  −1 + 5 x + 0 −2 + x + 6 −3 + 2 x + 2 1  = 0
0 
2
 5 x − 1 x + 4 2 x − 1 1  = 0
 0 
  2 ( 5 x − 1) + x + 4 + 0  =  0
 10 x − 2 + x + 4 + 0 = 0
2
x = −
11
51.
 2 0 7   − x 14 x 7 x 
0 1 0  0 1 0 
 
1 −2 1   x −4 x −2 x 
5 x 0 0  1 0 0 

=0 1 0  = 0 1 0  [Given]
 0 10 x − 2 5 x  0 0 1 
 5 x = 1, 10 x − 2 = 0
1
 x=
5
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

52.
cos x − sin x 0  cos y − sin y 0
 
F ( x ) =  sin x cos x 0  , F ( y ) =  sin y cos y 0 
 0 0 1   0 0 1 
cos x − sin x 0  cos y − sin y 0 
F ( x ) F ( y ) =  sin x cos x 0   sin y cos y 0 
 0 0 1   0 0 1 
 cos x cos y − sin x sin y + 0 − cos x sin y − sin x cos y + 0 0 
= sin x cos y + cos x sin y + 0 − sin x sin y + cos x cos y + 0 0 
 0 0 0 
cos ( x + y ) − sin ( x + y ) 0 
 
=  sin ( x + y ) cos ( x + y ) 0 
 0 0 1 
 F ( x) F ( y ) = F ( x + y )
53.
 cos  sin  
Here, f ( ) =  
 − sin  cos  

54.
( A − I )3 + ( A + I )3 − 7 A
= A3 − I 3 − 3 A2 I + 3 AI 2 + A3 + I 3 + 3 A2 I + 3 AI 2 − 7 A
= 2 A. A2 − 3I .I + 3 A + 3I .I + 3 A − 7 A
= 2 A − 3I + 3 A + 3I + 3 A − 7 A = A
55.
As A and I commute, we can apply Binomial theorem to expand (I + A) 4
( I + A) 4 = I + 4 A + 6 A2 + 4 A3 + A4
Since A2 = A
Thus, A3 = A2 = A, A4 = A3 = A
 ( I + A) 4 = I + 4 A + 6 A + 4 A + A = I + 15 A
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

56.
We have AB=B and BA = A, therefore
A2 + B 2 = AA + BB
= A ( BA ) + B ( AB )
= ( AB ) A + ( BA ) B
= BA + AB = A + B ( AB = B and BA = A )

57.

58.

Since, A cannot be null matrix.

So, the total number of possible matrices = 33 – 1 = 26
59.
A = 2, B = 3, C = 5
 det ( A2 BC −1 ) = A2 BC −1
= A2 B C −1
A2 B 4  3 12
= = =
C 5 5
60.
3 −4 
A=
1 −1
3 −4  3 −4   5 −8
A2 =  =
1 −1 1 −1  2 −3
5 −8 3 −4  7 −12 
A3 = A2 A =   = 
 2 −3 1 −1  3 −5 
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

Observing A, A2 , A3 we can conclude that

1 + 2n −4n 
An = 
 n 1 − 2n 
1 + 2n −4n
det ( An ) =
n 1 − 2n
 det ( An ) = 1 − 4n 2 + 4n 2 = 1
 det ( A2005 ) = 1

61.
A = −15 + 14 = −1
A2019 (−3I + A) = A A − 3I
2019

0 −2
= −1 = (−1)(14) = −14
7 8
62.
 2 −1
P= 
 5 −3
2− −1
=0
5 −3 − 
  2 +  −1 = 0
 P2 + P − I = 0
 P2 = I − P
 P 4 = I + P 2 − 2 P = 2 I − 3P
Now, P 4 .P 2 = (2 I − 3P)( I − P) = 2 I − 5 P + 3P 2
 P 6 = 5I − 8P
So, n = 6

63.
P 3 = Q 3 ...(1)
P 2Q = Q 2 P ....(2)
Subtracting (2) from (1) we get
P 3 − P 2Q = Q 3 − Q 2 P
 P 2 ( P − Q) + Q 2 ( P − Q) = O
 ( P 2 + Q 2 )( P − Q) = O
 P 2 + Q 2 = 0 [as P  Q]

64.
0 x x

A = 2 y y
T
− y 
 z − z z 
0 x  0 2 y z  2 x2
x 0 0 
 
 A A =  2 y
T
y − y   x y − z  =  0 6y 2
0 
 z − z z   x − y z   0 0 3z 2 
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

AT A = I
 2x2 = 1
1
 x2 =
2
and 3 z 2 = 1
1
 z2 =
3
And 6 y = 1
2

1
 y2 =
6
1 1 1
 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = + + =1
2 3 6
65.

66.
 X1 
Let X =  X 2 
 X 3 
 X T . A. X = 0
 a11 X12 + a22 X 22 + a33 X 32 + ( a12 + a21 ) X 1 X 2 + ( a13 + a31 ) X 1 X 3 + ( a23 + a32 ) X 2Y3 = 0
This is true X i
a11 = a22 = a33 = 0
a12 + a21 = 0
a13 + a31 = 0
a23 + a32 = 0

67.
Since AT = A (Symmetric)
& AT = - A (Skew Symmetric)
Only possible if A is null matrix
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

68.

69.
It is given that A and B are symmetric matrices. Thus, A’ = A and B′ = B .......... (1)
Now, (AB − BA)′ = (AB)′ − (BA)′ [∵ (A − B)′ = A′ − B′]
= B′A′ − A′B′ [∵ (AB)′ = B′A′]
= BA − AB [using (1) ]
= − (AB − BA)
70.

71.
(AB’– BA’) = (AB’)’ – (BA’)’
= (B’)’A’ – (A’)’B’
= BA’ – AB’
= - (AB’ – BA’)
Hence, (AB’ – BA’) is skew symmetric matrix.
72.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

It is a skew-symmetric matrix where aij + a ji is equal to zero.

Since, the determinant of skew-symmetric matrix of odd order is always zero
Therefore, |A| = 0
All diagonal elements of skew symmetric matrix are zero
n
So, Tr(A) =  aii = 0
i =1

73.
For non-diagonal entries, we require even no. of 1 , even no. of -1 and even no. of 0
For diagonal, three entries are remaining, -1, 0, 1.
So, number of symmetric matrices for each arrangement of -1, 0, 1 in diagonal = 3!
Total such matrices = 3! x 3! = 36
74.
(XY)T = YT XT
YT = (ABC - CBA)T
= CT BT AT - AT BT CT
= - CBA + ABC = Y
X = (ABC + CBA)T
T

= CT BT AT + AT BT CT
= -CBA - ABC = - X

75.

76.
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

77.

78.

79.

80.
Given, A is idempotent matrix
Therefore, An = A
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

(I + A)n = nC0 + nC1 A + nC2 A2 + . . . + nCn An

= n C0 I + n C1 A + n C2 A + . . . + n Cn A
= I + A(nC1 + nC2 + . . . + nCn)
= I + A(2n – 1)
81.
0   

A =  2   −   is an orthogonal matrix
  −  
 AAT = I
0     0 2    1 0 0 

  2   −     −  =  0 1 0 
  −    −     0 0 1 
 2 2  0  1 0 0 
 
  0 6 2
0  = 0 1 0 
 0 0 3 2  0 0 1 

 2 2 − 1, 6  2 = 1, 3 2 = 1
1 1 1
 =  ; = ; =
2 6 3
82.
 3 1   3 1
   − 
 2 2  2 2
P= P =
T

 1 3  1 3
−   
 2 2   2 2 
As PP = P P = I
T T

Given, Q = PAPT
 PT Q = PT PAPT
 PT Q = IAPT = APT [as PT P = I ]
Now, PT Q 2015 P = PT Q.Q 2014 . P = APT .Q.Q 2013 .P = .... = A2014 .PT QP
 PT Q 2015 P = A2014 . APT P = A2015
1 0 
As A =  
0 1 
1 2   1 3
 A2 =   and A 3 =  
0 1   0 1
1 2015
Similarly, A 2015 = 
0 1 
83.
 1 3  1 −3 
 10 10   10 10  1 0 
AAT =   =
 −3 1  3 1  0 1 
 10 10   10 10 

1 −1 1 −1 1 −2
B2 =   = 
0 1  0 1  0 1 
NEXUS Matrices & Determinants

1 −3  1 −2023
B3 =   . . . . B 2023 = 
0 1  0 1 

M = AT BA
M 2 = M .M = ( AT BA)( AT BA) = AT B 2 A
M 3 = M 2 .M = ( AT B 2 A)( AT BA) = AT B 3 A
.
.
.
M 2023 = AT B 2023 A
AM 2023 AT = AAT B 2023 AAT = B 2023
1 −2023
Thus, AM 2023 AT = B 2023 = 
0 1 