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FOEPROJECT

The document details a project on using a BC547 NPN transistor as an electronic switch to control an LED with a small base current. It outlines the components used, the working principle of the transistor, and calculations for current limiting resistors. The experiment demonstrates the fundamental role of transistors in digital electronics and their applications in switching circuits.

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10 views3 pages

FOEPROJECT

The document details a project on using a BC547 NPN transistor as an electronic switch to control an LED with a small base current. It outlines the components used, the working principle of the transistor, and calculations for current limiting resistors. The experiment demonstrates the fundamental role of transistors in digital electronics and their applications in switching circuits.

Uploaded by

bbadiya22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name- Badiya Bhavik Rameshbhai

Anrollment No- 236210309006


Name- Badiya Mahesh Murjibhai
Anrollment No- 236210309007
Batch- E1 Electrical
Sub- Fundamentals Of Elecronic
Project Name- Transistor as a switch
Title: Transistor as a Switch Using BC547, LED, Resistor, and 9V Battery

Objective:

To demonstrate how a BC547 NPN transistor can be used as an electronic switch to control an LED
using a small base current.

Components Used:

Component Specification

Transistor BC547

LED Standard red LED (~2V forward voltage)

Resistor 330Ω (for LED), 1kΩ (for base)

Power Supply 9V Battery

Breadboard & Wires Standard jumper wires

• Collector of BC547→ Connected to negative (cathode) end of LED.

• Positive (anode) of LED → Connected to one end of 330Ω resistor.

• Other end of resistor → Connected to +9V terminal of battery.

• Emitter of BC547→ Connected to Ground (0V) of battery.

• Base of BC547→ Connected through a 1kΩ resistor to a control signal (like a switch or
microcontroller pin or second 9V through a switch for manual testing).

Working Principle:

The BC547 is an NPN bipolar junction transistor. When a small current is applied to the base of the
transistor (via the 1kΩ resistor), it allows a much larger current to flow from the collector to the
emitter.

States:

• OFF State: No base current → No collector current → LED is OFF.

• ON State: Base current present (e.g., a 9V signal through 1kΩ resistor) → Transistor conducts
→ LED turns ON.

This mimics the behavior of a digital switch: a small input signal controls a larger current path.

Calculations (Example):
LED Current Limiting Resistor:

Given:

• LED forward voltage ≈ 2V

• Desired LED current ≈ 20mA

• Supply voltage = 9V

Resistor (R) = (9V - 2V) / 0.02A = 350Ω


→ Use standard 330Ω

Base Resistor:

Assume transistor gain (β) = 100.


Collector current (Ic) = 20mA → Base current (Ib) = Ic / β = 0.2mA
Base resistor = (9V - 0.7V) / 0.2mA ≈ 41.5kΩ
→ Use 1kΩ for strong saturation (ensures full switching ON)

Applications:

• Turning on high-power devices with microcontrollers

• Digital switching circuits

• LED flashers and indicators

• Amplifiers (in different configuration)

Conclusion:

This experiment successfully shows how a BC547 transistor can function as a switch to control an LED
using a small base current. This principle is fundamental in digital electronics, where transistors act
as the basic building blocks for logic gates and switching applications.

Circuit Diagram

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