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Physics Project Report

The document discusses the use of transistors, specifically the NPN transistor BC107, as electronic switches. It outlines the aim, apparatus, circuit diagram, results, and applications of the experiment demonstrating how transistors can control current flow based on input voltage. The conclusion confirms the effectiveness of transistors in switching applications, relevant in digital circuits and automation systems.

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13 views9 pages

Physics Project Report

The document discusses the use of transistors, specifically the NPN transistor BC107, as electronic switches. It outlines the aim, apparatus, circuit diagram, results, and applications of the experiment demonstrating how transistors can control current flow based on input voltage. The conclusion confirms the effectiveness of transistors in switching applications, relevant in digital circuits and automation systems.

Uploaded by

4bvy5tcp6j
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Transistors as a switch

S.No Topic Page No

1 Introduction 1

2 Aim and Apparatus 2

3 Circuit Diagram 5

4 Result 6

5 Conclusion 6

6 Applications 7

7 Bibliography 7
1

Chapter - 1

INTRODUCTION

A transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor device that can amplify or


switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is one of the fundamental
building blocks of modern electronic circuits. There are mainly two types of
transistors:

●​ NPN
●​ PNP​

In this project, we use an NPN transistor (BC107) to demonstrate how a


transistor can function as a switch.

1
2

AIM:

To construct a switch using a transistor.

Apparatus and Components Required:

●​ Transistor (BC107)
●​ Resistors (470 Ω)
●​ LED
●​ Power supply (+5V)
●​ Connecting wires
●​ Breadboard or PCB
●​ Switch (if required)

About components:-

Transistor (BC107):

The BC107 is an NPN-type bipolar junction transistor


used in this project to perform switching action. It has
three terminals — base, collector, and emitter. A small
voltage applied at the base allows a larger current to
flow from collector to emitter, turning the transistor
ON. In our circuit, it behaves like a controlled switch
that turns the LED ON or OFF based on the input signal.

2
3

Resistors (470 Ω):

Resistors are used to control the flow of current in the circuit. In this project,
a 470-ohm resistor is connected to the base of the transistor to prevent too
much current from entering it. Another 470-ohm resistor is used in series with
the LED to limit current flowing
through it, ensuring the LED
operates safely without getting
damaged.

LED (Light Emitting Diode):

The LED is used as an output device to indicate the


working of the transistor switch. When the transistor
is OFF, current flows through the LED, and it glows.
When the transistor is ON, the current bypasses the
LED and flows through the transistor, causing the
LED to turn OFF. It provides a clear visual sign of the circuit’s switching
state.

3
4

Breadboard:

A breadboard is a device used to build


electrical circuits without soldering. It
allows quick connections between
components and is ideal for observing
current flow and transistor switching
behavior in this experiment.

4
5

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5
6

Result:

The experiment confirms that a transistor can function as a switch. When the
input at the base is LOW, the transistor remains in the cut-off state, and the
LED glows, indicating the switch is OFF. When the input is HIGH, the
transistor enters the saturation region, allowing current to bypass the LED,
and the LED turns OFF, indicating the switch is ON. Input (A) LED

This proves that a transistor can control current flow Output


LOW ON
based on input voltage and act as an electronic switch.
HIGH OFF

Conclusion:

From the experiment and observations, it is concluded that a transistor can be


effectively used as an electronic switch. The switching action depends on the
input voltage applied at the base terminal. When the base input is LOW, the
transistor remains OFF and the LED glows. When the base input is HIGH,
the transistor switches ON, and the LED turns OFF. This confirms the
working of the transistor as a switch, which is widely used in digital circuits
and automation systems.

6
7

General applications:

●​ Used in logic gates and microcontrollers.​

●​ Automatic light control circuits.​

●​ Relays and sensors in automation.

Bibliography:​

a) NCERT PHYSICS –CLASS XII

b) BASIC ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS –CBSE

c)BASIC ELECTRONICS –NPTEL (MHRD)

7
8

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