2.

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

SYNOPSIS

The main features of the chapter are :

• Ordered Pair: A pair of elements grouped together in a particular order.
• Cartesian Product: A  B of two sets A and B is given by
A B = (a, b) : a  A, b  B
R  R = (x, y ) : x, y  Rand
In particular
R  R  R = (x, y, z )x, y, z  R
• If (a, b) = ( x, y ) then a = x and b = y
• If n( A ) = p and n( B ) = q then n ( A  B ) = p q
• A =
• In general A  B  B  A
• Relation: A relation R from a set A to a set B is a subset of the cartesian product A  B obtained by describing a
relationship between the first element x and the second element y of the ordered pairs in A  B .
• The image of an element x under a relation R is given by y , where (x,y) belongs to R.
• The range of the relation R is the set of all second elements of the ordered pairs in a relation R.
• Function: A function f from a set A to a set B is a specific type of relation for which every element x of set A has
one and only one image y in set B.
• We write f : A → B, wheref ( x) = y
• A is the domain and b is the codomain of f.
• The range of the function is the set of all images.
• A real function has the set of real numbers or one of its subsets both as its domain and as its range.
• Algebra of Functions:For functions f : X → Randg : X → R, we have
(f+g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
(f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
(f . g)(x) = f(x) . g(x)
(k f) (x) = k f(x) , where k is a real number.
f f ( x)
 ( x ) = , x  X , g ( x)  0
g g ( x)
 LEGENDS

Class Work Homework Challenge Yourself Strongly recommended to practice Evaluation

1.
Section C – 34 -37

Section A - 1-8

2.

Section A – 9-15

Section A – 16-23

3. Section B – 24-26

4. Section B – 27-30

5. Section C – 31-33
 SECTION A (1 mark )
1. If n(A) = 3, n(B) = 2 then the number of relations from A to B =
a) 6 b) 36 c) 63 d) 64
2. If A = {x: x2 – 5x + 6 = 0}, B = {2, 4}, C = {4, 5} then A x (B  C ) is
a) {(2,4),(3,4)} b) {(4,2),(4,3)} c) {(2,4), (3,4),(4,4)} d) {(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5)}
3. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } and :A→R is such that (x) = 3x-2 then (A) =
a){0,4,10,18,23} b){0,10,24} c) {10,24,17} d) {1,4,7,10,13}
4. If (x) = 2x-1, g(x) = x2 , then 3f–2g =
a) 6𝑥 − 3 − 2𝑥2 b)6𝑥 + 3 − 2𝑥2 c) 6𝑥 − 3 + 2𝑥2 d) 6𝑥 + 3 + 2𝑥2
5. If A x B = {(a,1),(b,3),(a,3),(b,1),(a,2),(b,2)}, then A=_____________ & B = ___________

6. 1
The domain of F(x) = is
√𝑥−|𝑥|

a)R b)R+ c)R- d)none of these

7. 1 1
If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − then 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 (𝑥) = _____________
𝑥3

a) 2x3 b) 2𝑥 3
1 c) 0 d) 1

8. Let A & B be any 2 sets such that n(B) = p & n(A) = q then the total number of functions 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is ________
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS (1 mark)
9. Assertion (A): If (𝑥 + 1, 𝑦 − 2) = (3,1), then(𝑥 = 2) and 𝑦 = 3.
Reason (R): Two ordered pairs are equal, if their corresponding elements are equal.
10. Assertion (A): The cartesian product of two non-empty sets P and Q is denoted as 𝑃 × 𝑄 and 𝑃 × 𝑄 =
{(𝑝, 𝑞): 𝑝 𝜖 𝑃, 𝑞 𝜖 𝑄}
Reason (R): If A = {red, blue } and B = { b, c, s }, then A× 𝐵 = { ( red, b), ( red, c), (red, s), (blue, b),
(blue, c), (blue, s) }
11. Assertion (A): If (4𝑥 + 3𝑦) = (3𝑥 + 5, −2), then 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = −2.
Reason (R): If 𝐴 = {−1, 3, 4}, then 𝐴 × 𝐴 is {(−1, −1), (−1, 3), (−1, 4), (3, −1), (4, −1), (3, 4)}.
12. Assertion (A): If (𝑥, 1), (𝑦, 2) and (𝑧, 1) are in A× 𝐵 and 𝑛(𝐴) = 3, 𝑛(𝐵) = 2, then 𝐴 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧} and 𝐵 =
{1,2}.
Reason (R): If 𝑛(𝐴) = 3 and 𝑛(𝐵) = 2, then 𝑛(𝐴 × 𝐵) = 6.
13. Assertion (A): Let 𝐴 = {1, 2} and 𝐵 = {3, 4}. Then, number of relations from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is 16.
Reason (R): If 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑝 and 𝑛(𝐵) = 𝑞, then number of relations is 2𝑝𝑞 .
14. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. If 𝑅 is the relation on 𝐴 defined by {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 𝜖 𝐴, 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑎}.
 Assertion (A): The relation 𝑅 in Roster form is {(6, 3), (6, 2), (4, 2)}
Reason (R): The domain and range of 𝑅 is {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}.
15. Consider the following statements
Assertion (A): The figure shows a relationship between the sets 𝐴 and 𝐵.
Then, the relation in set-builder form is
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥, 𝑦 𝜖 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2}.
Reason(R): The above Relation in Roster form is
{(−1, 1), (−2, 4), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4)}.
16. Let 𝑅 be a relation defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑥 + 5): 𝑥 ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}. Then, consider the following
Assertion (A): The domain of 𝑅 is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Reason (R): The range of 𝑅 is {0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
17. Assertion (A): The domain of the relation 𝑅 = {(𝑥 + 2, 𝑋 + 4): 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑥 < 8} is {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.
Reason (R): The range of the relation 𝑅 = {(𝑥 + 2, 𝑋 + 4): 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑥 < 8} is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
18. Assertion (A): The following arrow diagram represents a function.
𝑥 2 −4
Reason (R): Let 𝑓: 𝑅 − {2} → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔: 𝑅 →
𝑥−2
𝑅 be defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3. Then, 𝑓 = 𝑔.

19. Assertion (A): The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 3𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 > 0 is R.
Reason (R): The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2 is [2, ∞)
20. Assertion (A): Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 5}, 𝐵 = {4, 6, 9} and 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥 − 𝑦| is odd, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵}. Then,
domain of R is {1, 2, 3, 5}.
Reason (R): |𝑥| is always positive ∀𝑥 𝜖 𝑅.
21. Assertion (A): The domain of the real function 𝑓 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1 is 𝑅 − {1}.
Reason (R): The range of the function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1 is [0, ∞).
22. 1
Assertion (A): If is 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + , then is [𝑓(𝑥)]3 = 𝑓(𝑥3 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥).
1
𝑥

Reason (R): If is 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 (𝑥 − 𝑏)2 , then is 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏) is 0.

23. Assertion (A): If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7, then values
of 𝑥 such that 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} = 8 are −1 and 2.
4𝑥
Reason (R): If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 +2 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(1 − 𝑥) = 1.
SECTION B (2 marks)
24. If 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3}, 𝐵 = {3, 4}, 𝐶 = {4, 5, 6}, find
(i) 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) (ii) 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) (iii) (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∩ (𝐵 × 𝐶)
25. Find a and b when
 (i) (𝑎 + 3, 𝑏 − 2) = (5, 1) (ii) (𝑎 + 𝑏, 2𝑏 − 3) = (4, −5)
26. If A = {2,3}, B = {4, 5}, find A×B. How many subsets will A×B have?
Find the domain and range of the following:
27. 1
𝑅 = {(𝑥, ) : 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟, 0 < 𝑥 < 6 }
𝑥
28. 𝑅= {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝜖 𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 }
29. 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝜖 𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝑦 = 4 }
30. 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] + 𝑥
SECTION C (3 marks)
31. Draw the graph of the function given below and give its equation:

(i) Identity function (ii) Polynomial function (iii) Modulus function

32. Draw the graph of the function given below and give its equation:

(i) Signum function (ii) Greatest integer function

33. Find the domain and range of the following real functions:
 x + 4, x  3
1 𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = (iv) If f ( x) = 2 x + 9,3  x  9
𝑥−3 𝑥 2 −𝑥+1
5, x  9

34. Find the domain and range of the following functions:
3
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3|
2−𝑥
35. Find the domain and range of
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − |𝑥 − 2|| (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥2 (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 3𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥
36. Find the domain and range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 3𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
37. 𝑥2
Find the domain and range of
1+𝑥 2

***********************
 ANSWER KEY
1. d 9. a 17. c

2. a 10. a 18. c

3. d 11. c 19. d

4. a 12. b 20. b

5. 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏}, 𝐵 = {1,2,3} 13. a 21. d

6. d 14. d 22. c

7. 0 15. d 23. d

8. 𝑝𝑞 16. c

24. (i){(1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6)(2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6)} (𝑖𝑖){(1,5), (2,4), (3,4)} (iii){(3,4)}

25. (i) a =2, b =3 (ii) a = 5, b = -1

26. {(2,4), (2,5), (3,4), (3,5)}, 16

27. Dom = {1,2,3,4,5}, Range = {1,1/2,1/3,1/4,1/5}

28. Dom = Range ={-4,-3,0,3,4}

29. Dom ={-4,-2,-1,1,2,4}= Range

30. R

31. (i) y = x (ii) y = x2 (iii) y = |x|

32. −1, 𝑥 < 0

(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑥 = 0 (ii) f(x) = x , x  R
1, 𝑥 > 0

33. (i) Dom = R, Range = R (ii) Dom = R – {3}, Range = R – {0} iii) Dom = R Range = [ . 3]
1
3
(iv) Dom = (−∞, 3) ∪ [3,9] ∪ (9, ∞) = (−∞, ∞) R= (−∞, 7) ∪ [15,27]
34. (i) Dom = R – {√2,-√2}, Range = (-∞,0]U [3/2,∞) (ii) Dom = R, Range = R+ U{0}

35. (i) Dom = R, Range = (-∞,1] (ii) Dom = [-4,4] Range = [ 0,4]
(iii) Dom = R, Range = [-1,5]
36. Dom = R, Range = [-5,5]

37. Dom = R , Range = [0, 1)