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AY2425 EoY PHY71 Formula Sheet

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16 views2 pages

AY2425 EoY PHY71 Formula Sheet

Uploaded by

Natali
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© © All Rights Reserved
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End of Year Physics Formula Sheet- Grade 12 Advanced- PHY71

List of Constants and Formulae


𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (𝑒) = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 (𝑐) = 3.0 × 108 𝑚/𝑠
𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏’𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡, 𝑘 = 9.0 × 109 𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶 2
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 (𝑚𝑒 ) = 9.1 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔
Permeability of free space, 𝜀𝑜 = 8.85 × 10−12 𝐶 2 /(𝑁 ∙
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 (𝑚𝑛 ) = 1.0087 𝑢
𝑚2 )
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 (𝑚𝑝 ) = 1.0073 𝑢
Permeability of free space, 𝜇𝑜 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 (𝑇 ∙ 𝑚)/𝐴
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 (1𝑢) = 1.66 × 10−27 𝑘𝑔
1 𝑒𝑉 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐽
1𝑢 = 931.5 𝑀𝑒𝑉/𝑐 2
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑘′𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (ℎ) = 6.6 × 10−34 𝐽𝑠
Equations: Symbols used:

Electric Fields:
𝑄 = 𝑛𝑒 𝐹 = 𝐹⃗1 = 𝐹⃗2 = 𝐹⃗3 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑞1 𝑞2 1 𝑘 = 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏′ 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝐹=𝑘 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 =
𝑟 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑞1 = 𝑞2 = 𝑞 = 𝑄 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹⃗1 + 𝐹⃗2 + 𝐹⃗3 + ⋯ n = number of charge
𝐹 𝑟 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠
𝐸=
𝑞 𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑞
𝐸 = 𝑘 2 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠) 𝐸 = 𝐸⃗⃗1 = 𝐸⃗⃗2 = 𝐸⃗⃗3 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑟
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐸⃗⃗1 + 𝐸⃗⃗2 + 𝐸⃗⃗3 + ⋯
⃗⃗ 𝐸⃗⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
∆𝑉𝑒 𝑉𝑒 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝐸= (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠) ∆𝑉𝑒 = 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
∆𝑑
𝑞1 𝑞2 ∆𝑑 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐸𝑃 = 𝑘 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠)
𝑟 𝐸𝑃 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝑊 𝑘𝑄 𝑊 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑉𝑒 = =
𝑞 𝑟 ∆𝐾𝐸 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝑊 = 𝑞∆𝑉𝑒 = ∆𝐾𝐸

Electromagnetic Induction: ∆𝜙𝐵 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥


∆𝜙𝐵 (𝜙𝑓 − 𝜙𝑖 ) 𝜙𝑓 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥
ℇ = −𝑁 = −𝑁
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 𝜙𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥
ℇ
𝐼=
𝑅
ℇ2 ℇ = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑒𝑚𝑓)
𝑃=
𝑅 𝑁 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
ℇ𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 𝐵𝑣𝐿
∆𝜙/∆𝑡 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑅 = 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
ℇ𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑚𝑓
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Quantum Physics: 𝐸 = 𝑃ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Photoelectric Effect: 𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝜆 = 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
ℎ𝑐 1240 (𝑒𝑉. 𝑛𝑚)
𝐸 = ℎ𝑓 = = 𝜙 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝜆 𝜆 (𝑛𝑚)
𝑓0 = 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
ℎ𝑐
𝜙 = ℎ𝑓0 = 𝜆0 = 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝜆0
𝐾𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝐸 = 𝜙 + 𝐾𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥
∆𝑉0 = 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝐾𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 = −𝑒∆𝑉0

Compton’s Effect: ∆𝜆 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ


ℎ
∆𝜆 = 𝜆 − 𝜆0 = (1 − cos 𝜃) 𝜆 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑚𝑒 𝑐 λ0 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝜃 = 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑚𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛

The Dual Nature of Light & Matter:


ℎ ℎ 𝜆 = 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝜆= = 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚
𝑝 𝑚𝑣
𝐸 𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑓= 𝐸 = 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
ℎ

Nuclear Physics:
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Binding Energy:
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐 2

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